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عدد المساهمات : 18928 التقييم : 35294 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Benchmarking of thermalhydraulic loop models for lead-alloy-cooled advanced nuclear energy systems Phase I: Isothermal forced convection case
![كتاب Benchmarking of thermalhydraulic loop models for lead-alloy-cooled advanced nuclear energy systems B_m_o_10](https://i.servimg.com/u/f61/15/36/74/14/b_m_o_10.jpg) و المحتوى كما يلي :
Table of contents Chapter 1: Introduction . 11 Chapter 2: Benchmark specifications 13 2.1 Design feature of the HELIOS . 13 2.2 Geometrical data 15 2.3 Guidelines for pressure loss coefficient evaluation .20 2.3.1 Definition of pressure loss coefficients . 20 2.3.2 Procedures for pressure loss coefficient evaluation . 20 2.3.3 Report format for evaluated pressure loss coefficients under isothermal forced convection conditions 21 Chapter 3: Method of the benchmark . 22 3.1 KIT/IKET, Germany . 22 3.1.1 Code description 22 3.1.2 Mesh structure and local form loss coefficients .24 3.2 RSE, Italy 28 3.3 ENEA, Italy .37 3.3.1 RELAP5 code version for HLM .37 3.3.2 Models and nodalisation . 37 3.3.3 Preliminary results 41 3.4 Seoul National University, Korea 42 3.4.1 Computer code characteristics .42 3.4.2 Nodalisation of HELIOS . 43 3.4.3 Pressure loss lodels in MARS-LBE 3.11 [1] .43 3.5 GIDROPRESS, Russian Federation . 48 3.6 IPPE, Russian Federation 49 3.6.1 Calculating code HYDRA for carrying out calculation of a hydraulic network .49 3.6.2 HELIOS model .51 3.7 RRC KI, Russian Federation 54 3.7.1 Definition of pressure loss coefficients and relative pressure all over the loop .54 3.7.2 Procedures for pressure loss coefficients evaluation . 54 3.7.3 Results of calculation of pressure loss coefficients and pressure distribution along HELIOS loop under isothermal flow conditions .55 3.8 KIT/INR, Germany 56 3.8.1 Description of TRACE 56 3.8.2 Wall drag and pressure loss models 56 3.8.3 TRACE nodalisation and calculation of the HELIOS loop 59 Chapter 4: HELIOS experiments and results 62 4.1 Setup . 62 4.2 Instrumentation . 62 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.3 Procedure .66 4.4 Results . 68 Chapter 5: Comparison and discussion . 71 5.1 Benchmark plan . 71 5.2 Result of system code simulation . 71 5.3 Result of CFD simulation 75 5.3.1 Core . 75 5.3.2 Gate valve . 78 5.3.3 Orifice . 79 5.4 Comparison and discussion .81 5.4.1 Core . 81 5.4.2 Orifice . 84 5.4.3 Gate valve . 84 5.4.4 Heat exchanger 85 5.4.5 Expansion tank .88 5.4.6 Straight and 45° and 90° elbow pipes 89 5.4.7 Gasket 92 5.4.8 Tee . 93 Chapter 6: Summary and conclusion . 96 6.1 Summary . 96 6.2 Conclusion . 97 Appendix A 105 Appendix B 120 Appendix C 158 List of figures Figure 2.1 : Schematic diagram of PEACER-300 13 Figure 2.2 : Schematic (left) and photograph (right) of HELIOS (Heavy Eutectic liquid metal Loop for Integral test of Operability and Safety of PEACER) 14 Figure 2.3 : Component numbers .16 Figure 3.1 : Form loss coefficient of T-junction [3] . 27 Figure 3.2 : Form loss coefficient of bending pipe [3] 27 Figure 3.3 : Flow expansion and contraction [3] .27 Figure 3.4 : Form loss coefficient of flow contraction [3] .27 Figure 3.5 : LegoPC graphical interface 29 Figure 3.6 : Translation of the component links into a non-linear equation system 29 Figure 3.7 : LegoPC simulation user interface 30 Figure 3.8 : HELIOS model main components 30 Figure 3.9 Gasket between flanges .31 Figure 3.10 : Single bend . 31 Figure 3.11 : S-shaped bend with flow in one plane .32 Figure 3.12 : Rehme modified drag coefficient 33 Figure 3.13 : Thin-plate orifice .34 Figure 3.14 : Gate valve 34 Figure 3.15 : LegoPC HELIOS preliminary model .35 Figure 3.16 : Nodalisation scheme of Helios loop for RELAP5 code .39TABLE OF CONTENTS Figure 3.17 : Pressure distribution in HELIOS loop at high-flow conditions 42 Figure 3.18 : Nodalisation of the HELIOS .43 Figure 3.19 : Sudden expansion (left) and contraction (right) .45 Figure 3.20 : A1 (left figure) and B1 (right figure) for elbow form factor .45 Figure 3.21 : Geometry of tee (left figure) and form factor (right figure) 46 Figure 3.22 : Geometry of the orifice . 47 Figure 3.23 : Grid form factor, Cv 47 Figure 3.24 : TRACE nodding for an abrupt contraction (a), an abrupt expansion (b) and a thin-plate orifice (c) [5] 59 Figure 3.25 : TRACE nodalisation scheme of the HELIOS loop 60 Figure 4.1 : Three-dimensional diagram of the HELIOS forced convection test setup .63 Figure 4.2 : Location of Type K thermocouples (T/C) in the HELIOS 64 Figure 4.3 : Location of five differential pressure transducers (DP) in the HELIOS . 65 Figure 4.4 : Pressure difference at orifice region and temperature at all positions at a different pump speed .67 Figure 4.5 : Pressure loss at core region 68 Figure 4.6 : Pressure loss at gate valve . 69 Figure 4.7 : Pressure loss at orifice region .69 Figure 5.1 : Overall procedures of LACANES benchmark .71 Figure 5.2 : Comparison of the total and partial pressure loss at high-mass flow rate case(13.57kg/s) 73 Figure 5.3 : Comparison of the accumulated pressure loss at high-flow rate case (G/V: Gate Valve, E/T: Expansion Tank, H/X: Heat Exchanger) .74 Figure 5.4 : Comparison between CFD and experiment result .75 Figure 5.5 : Schematic diagram of HELIOS core and flow path . 76 Figure 5.6 : Pressure distribution at the centre plane of the core (a) results of StarCD (b) results of CFX .77 Figure 5.8 : Schematic diagram of gate valve .78 Figure 5.9 : Pressure distributions at gate valve . 79 Figure 5.10 : Pressure change due to the gate valve 79 Figure 5.11 : Schematic diagram of orifice 80 Figure 5.12 : Pressure distribution at orifice .80 Figure 5.13 : Pressure change due to the orifice . 81 Figure 5.14 : Pressure loss in the core at the high mass flow rate case 81 Figure 5.15 : Schematic diagram of core spacer based on orifice shape 82 Figure 5.16 : Drag coefficient (Cv) of Rehme correlation for predicted pressure loss of grid spacer; modified new one based on measured data and four set used in benchmarking 83 Figure 5.17 : Pressure loss in the core using equation 5.1 .83 Figure 5.18 : Pressure loss in the orifice at the high-mass flow rate . 84 Figure 5.19 : Pressure loss in the gate valve at the high-mass flow rate (other participants used manufacturer’s data) 85 Figure 5.20 : Accumulated pressure loss in the heat exchanger at high-flow rate . 86 Figure 5.21 : Geometry and pressure loss coefficients of entrance in a vessel and discharge into a pipe [2] 87 Figure 5.22 : Accumulated pressure loss in the heat exchanger at high-flow rate using Figure 5.21 88 Figure 5.23 : Pressure loss in the expansion tank at the high-mass flow rate (left) and schematic diagram of expansion tank (right) 88TABLE OF CONTENTS Figure 5.24 : Sum of pressure loss in the straight pipe (15m) at high-flow rate 91 Figure 5.25 : Sum of pressure loss in the 45° elbow pipes (9ea) at high-flow rate .91 Figure 5.26 : Sum of pressure losses in the 90° elbow pipes (4ea) at high-flow rate .92 Figure 5.27 : Pressure loss at gasket area at the high-flow rate .92 Figure 5.28 : Schematic diagram of tee-straight (left) and tee-branch (right) . 93 Figure 5.29 : Sum of pressure loss in tee-straight (8ea) at high-flow rate 94 Figure 5.30 : Pressure loss in tee-branch pipe at high-flow rate 94 Figure A-1: 3D View of component #1 core vessel 106 Figure A-2: 3D View of component #2 pipe with tee 107 Figure A-4: 3D View of component #4 pipe with tee and elbows 108 Figure A-10: 3D View of component #10 expansion tank .109 Figure A-12: 3D View of component #12 pipe with tee and elbow .110 Figure A-14: 3D View of component #14 pipe with tee .111 Figure A-15: 3D View of component #15 heat exchanger .112 Figure A-16: 3D View of component #16 pipe with tee and elbow .113 Figure A-18: 3D View of component #18 pipe with tee .114 Figure A-20: 3D View of component #20 pipe with tee and elbow .115 Figure A-21: 3D View of component #21 pipe with elbow 116 Figure A-23: 3D View of component #23 pipe with tee and elbow .117 Figure A-24: 3D View of component #24 pipe with tee, elbow and valve . 118 Figure A-25: 3D View of component #25 core 119 Figure B-1 . 121 Figure B-2 . 122 Figure B-3 . 123 Figure B-4 . 124 Figure B-5 . 125 Figure B-6 . 126 Figure B-7 . 127 Figure B-8 . 128 Figure B-9 . 129 Figure B-10 . 130 Figure B-11 . 131 Figure B-12 . 132 Figure B-13 . 133 Figure B-14 . 134 Figure B-15 . 135 Figure B-16 . 136 Figure B-17 . 137 Figure B-18 . 138 Figure B-19 . 139 Figure B-20 . 140 Figure B-21 . 141 Figure B-22 . 142 Figure B-23 . 143 Figure B-24 . 144 Figure B-25 . 145TABLE OF CONTENTS Figure B-26 .146 Figure B-27 .147 Figure B-28 .148 Figure B-29 .149 Figure B-30 .150 Figure B-31 .151 Figure B-32 .152 Figure B-33 .153 Figure B-34 .154 Figure B-35 .155 Figure B-36 .156 Figure B-37 .157 List of tables Table 1.1 : List of participants and code for the OECD/NEA benchmark on LACANES . 12 Table 2.1: Comparison of design parameters for PEACER-300 and for HELIOS . 15 Table 2.2 : List of components and parts (component number is given in Figure 2.3) .17 Table 2.3 : Recommended conditions for the evaluation of pressure loss coefficients under forced convection tests at 250 °C 20 Table 3.1 : Cell information 25 Table 3.2 : Single bend, values of A . 31 Table 3.3 : Single bend, values of B . 32 Table 3.4 : Single bend, values of Kre- 32 Table 3.5 : S-shaped bend, values of C . 33 Table 3.6 : Gate valve, values of K1 34 Table 3.7 : Flow meter calibration data .35 Table 3.8 : Orifice data . 35 Table 3.9 : Main component pressure loss at low-mass flow rate . 36 Table 3.10 : Main component pressure loss at high-mass flow rate 36 Table 3.11 : RELAP5 Correlations for friction factors . 40 Table 3.12 : Singular pressure loss coefficient for flow area variation .41 Table 3.13 : Form loss coefficient for sudden area change in MARS-LBE code 44 Table 3.14 : kRe for elbow form factor 45 Table 3.15 : X for elbow form factor 46 Table 3.16 : Form loss coefficient of the components 48 Table 3.17 : Formulas for calculation of form loss coefficients and friction loss coefficients 50 Table 3.18 : Nodalisationof HELIOSmodel 51 Table 3.19 : Suggested conditions for the evaluation of pressure loss coefficients at 250 °C 55 Table 3.20 : Values of K for different components depending on the mass flow rate .58 Table 4.1 : Specification of differential pressure transducer, Rosemount model 3051 CD3A 65 Table 4.2 : Correlations with function of mass flow rate (Q) and pressure loss (DP) .70 Table 4.3 : Pressure losses at different mass flow rates 70 Table 5.1: Description on 11 main components and available data . 72TABLE OF CONTENTS Table 5.7 : Pressure loss distribution in the core (from CFX simulation) 77 Table 5.2 : Value of A1 for equation 5.4 89 Table 5.3 : Value of B1 for equation 5.4 89 Table 5.4: Value of kRe for equation 5.4 90 Table 5.5: Value of X for equation 5.4 90 Table 5.6: The recommended form loss coefficient for the tee-branch . 93 Table 6.1: Recommended correlations in the LACANES benchmarking phase-I .98 Table C-1: Friction loss coefficient (1) at low-mass flow rate condition - ENEA, ERSE, GIDROPRESS . 159 Table C-2: Friction loss coefficient (II) at low-mass flow rate condition - IAEA, IPPE, KIT/INR . 166 Table C-3: Friction loss coefficient (III) at low-mass flow rate condition - RRC KI, SNU . 173 Table C-4: Form loss coefficient (I) at low-mass flow rate condition - ENEA, ERSE, GIDROPRESS, IPPE 183 Table C-5: Form loss coefficient (II) at low-mass flow rate condition - KIT/INR, RRC KI, SNU . 189 Table C-6: Friction loss coefficient (1) at high-mass flow rate condition - ENEA, ERSE, GIDROPRESS . 197 Table C-7: Friction loss coefficient (II) at high-mass flow rate condition - IAEA, IPPE, KIT/IKET .204 Table C-8: Friction loss coefficient (III) at high-mass flow rate condition - KIT/INR, RRC KI, SNU 211 Table C-9: Form loss coefficient (I) at high-mass flow rate condition - ENEA, ERSE, GIDROPRESS, IPPE 218 Table C-10: Form loss coefficient (II) at high-mass flow rate condition - KIT/IKET, KIT/INR, RRC KI, SNU .225 Table C-11: Form loss coefficient of IAEA at low-and high-mass flow rate condition 229
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