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عدد المساهمات : 18928 التقييم : 35294 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Virtual Manufacturing Wasim Ahmed Khan , Abdul Raouf , Kai Cheng
![كتاب Virtual Manufacturing V_m_f_11](https://i.servimg.com/u/f61/15/36/74/14/v_m_f_11.jpg) و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents 1 Augmented Reality for Manufacturing 1 1.1 Virtual Reality 1 1.2 Reality Virtuality Continuum 2 1.3 Augmented Reality: An Alternate Human–Computer Interaction . 2 1.4 Virtual Manufacturing . 3 1.4.1 Virtual Manufacturing Systems 6 1.4.2 Organization of Virtual Manufacturing Systems 6 1.4.3 Components of Virtual Manufacturing Systems 7 1.4.4 Control of Virtual Manufacturing Systems 8 1.5 Development of Virtual Manufacturing System Using Augmented Reality . 12 1.5.1 Machine Tool Database . 12 1.5.2 Tools Database . 15 1.5.3 Jigs and Fixture Database . 15 1.5.4 Fluids . 15 1.5.5 Parameters Related to Intangible Functions . 17 1.5.6 3D Graphic Models for Virtual Manufacturing . 17 1.5.7 VMS Graphical User Interface 18 1.5.8 Inference Engines . 20 1.5.9 AR for Discrete Manufacturing . 21 1.6 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design 21 1.6.1 Object-Oriented Analysis 22 1.6.2 Object-Oriented Design . 22 1.6.3 Object-Oriented Programming 23 1.6.4 Unified Modeling Language 24 1.7 Computer-Aided Software Engineering Tools for Augmented Reality . 25 1.8 Software Development Tools for Augmented Reality . 26 xi1.9 Software Requirement specification For Discrete Manufacturing 27 1.9.1 Purpose 27 1.9.2 The Concept 30 1.9.3 Scope . 34 1.9.4 System Overview . 34 1.9.5 Overall System Description 37 1.9.6 Project Functions . 37 1.9.7 System Interfaces . 38 1.9.8 Requirements Specification 48 1.10 Operation of the VMS . 49 1.11 Computer Hardware Configuration for Virtual Manufacturing 50 1.12 Communication Methodology for Virtual Manufacturing . 54 Bibliography 55 2 Manufacturing Processes and Systems . 57 2.1 An Overview of Discrete Manufacturing Processes . 57 2.2 Discrete Manufacturing Systems 59 2.2.1 Job Shop . 60 2.2.2 Project Shop . 61 2.2.3 Cellular Manufacturing . 61 2.2.4 Flow Line 61 2.2.5 Continuous Manufacturing System . 63 2.2.6 Flexible Manufacturing System . 63 2.2.7 Assembly System . 64 2.3 Production Planning and Control . 65 2.4 Virtual Reality for Manufacturing Systems and Processes 66 2.5 A Survey of the CNC Controller and Their Applications . 66 Bibliography 88 3 Automation and Control in Manufacturing . 91 3.1 Modern Control Systems . 91 3.2 Mathematical Models for the Control System 91 3.3 Control Methodologies for Discrete Manufacturing Systems . 91 3.3.1 Computer Numerical Control . 92 3.3.2 Programmed Control of Industrial Manipulators, Gantries and Conveyors . 92 3.3.3 Programmable Logic Controllers 93 3.3.4 Embedded Systems 93 3.3.5 Mechatronics Based Application . 93 xii Contents3.3.6 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System 94 Bibliography 94 4 Augmented Reality for Sensors, Transducers and Actuators 97 4.1 Introduction 97 4.2 Sensors and Transducers Types and Usage 97 4.3 Actuators Types and Usage . 97 4.4 Augmented Reality for Sensors, Transducers and Actuators . 99 4.5 System Integration Methodology . 102 Bibliography 126 5 Augmented Reality for Computer Numerical Control-Based Applications 127 5.1 Introduction to CNC-Based Applications 127 5.2 Components of Machine Tools for Augmented Reality Design 131 5.3 Standards Pertaining to Augmented Reality for CNC-Based Machinery 131 5.4 Augmented Reality Design for CNC-Based Discrete Manufacturing Processes . 133 5.4.1 EIA RS274 D Standard . 134 5.4.2 Explanation of Functions 134 5.4.3 Other Functions 138 5.4.4 Selected G and M Code Command Set 138 5.4.5 American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) . 140 5.4.6 Unicode 140 5.5 Interpreter Design for CNC Operation 140 5.6 Interpreter Operation 143 5.6.1 Rapid Movement . 146 5.6.2 Linear Interpolation 147 5.6.3 Circular Interpolation 149 5.6.4 Parabolic Interpolation 150 5.7 A Description of Development of AR for Metal-Cutting Machines 152 5.7.1 Developing AR for CNC Milling Operation . 152 5.7.2 Developing AR for Turning Operation 215 5.7.3 Developing AR for Drilling Operation 243 5.7.4 Developing AR for Sawing Operation . 244 5.8 Developing AR for CNC CMM 257 5.9 Interface Design for System Integration 275 Bibliography 300 Contents xiii6 Augmented Reality for Industrial Manipulators, Gantries and Conveyors . 303 6.1 Introduction to Industrial Manipulators, Gantries and Conveyors 303 6.2 Components of Industrial Manipulators Gantries and Conveyors for Augmented Reality . 303 6.3 Standards Pertaining to Augmented Reality for Industrial Manipulator, Gantry and Cranes . 305 6.4 Augmented Reality Design for Industrial Manipulator . 306 6.4.1 SLIM Command Set for Industrial Manipulator 307 6.4.2 Software Compiler Design Based on JIS SILM 310 6.5 Augmented Reality Design for Gantry Crane . 354 6.5.1 Interpreter Design for Gantry Crane 354 6.6 Augmented Reality Design for Conveyors . 371 6.6.1 Interpreter Design for Conveyors 382 6.7 Interface Design for System Integration 429 Bibliography 436 7 Virtual Reality Design for Programmable Logic Controller Based Applications . 437 7.1 Introduction 437 7.2 Programmable Logic Controller 437 7.3 Programming PLCs . 437 7.3.1 Basic Instructions Adopted for PLC Simulation 438 7.4 Proxy HCI for PLC-Based Processes 441 7.5 Development of PLC Simulator Using Object-Oriented Design 441 7.6 Programmable Logic Controller Simulation Software . 454 7.7 A Section of Software Code 459 7.8 Interface Design for System Integration 506 Bibliography 507 8 Augmented Reality for Embedded Systems . 509 8.1 Embedded System Characteristics . 509 8.2 Real–Time Operating Systems . 509 8.3 Embedded Systems in Augmented Reality Environment . 510 8.4 Augmented Reality Model for Embedded System 510 8.5 Interface Design for System Integration 529 Bibliography 532 9 Augmented Reality for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition-Based Application . 533 9.1 Characteristics of SCADA-Based System . 533 9.2 Augmented Reality for SCADA-Based System . 533 xiv Contents9.3 Interface Design for Systems Integration 548 Bibliography 550 10 Augmented Reality for Mechatronics-Based Applications . 551 10.1 Characteristics of Mechatronics-Based Application . 551 10.2 Augmented Reality for Mechatronics Applications . 552 10.3 System Integration Methodology . 552 Bibliography 556 11 Virtual Manufacturing for Discrete Manufacturing Systems 557 11.1 Introduction 557 11.2 Components of the VMS . 558 11.2.1 Factory Layout . 561 11.2.2 Discrete Manufacturing Processes 562 11.2.3 Pick and Place Technology 562 11.2.4 Costing 562 11.2.5 Accounts and Finance 563 11.2.6 Sales 568 11.2.7 Inventory Management . 571 11.2.8 Procurement . 574 11.2.9 Process Planning 576 11.2.10 Quality Assurance . 580 11.2.11 Scheduling 581 11.2.12 Management Information System 583 11.3 Virtual Manufacturing System . 584 11.3.1 VMS Design 584 11.3.2 VMS Planner 584 11.3.3 VMS Monitor 586 11.3.4 VMS Fault Diagnostic 586 11.3.5 VMS Training . 587 11.3.6 VMS Quality Assurance 588 11.3.7 VMS Assembly 588 11.3.8 VMS Business . 590 11.3.9 VMS Vender 591 11.3.10 VMS Administrator 593 11.3.11 VMS Programs . 597 11.3.12 VMS Videos 597 11.3.13 VMS Help 597 11.4 AR Design of Virtual Manufacturing Facility 599 11.5 System Integration for Virtual Manufacturing Facility . 703 Bibliography 749 Contents xv12 The Future of Virtual Manufacturing Using Augmented Reality Technology . 751 12.1 The Technological Excellence . 751 12.2 Adoption of Standard Products . 756 12.3 The Cost Factor . 756 12.4 The Prospects for a Dynamic Business Environment 757 Bibliography 762 Appendices 763 Index 797 Index A (EIA) RS 274D, 59, 129, 92, 138, 147, 562 (EIA) RS 267, 130 3D graphics models, 17, 775 ABC, 562 Absolute Input, 136, 218, 225, 230, 232, 239, 243, 245, 251, 255 Acceleration, 98, 135 Accessories, 8, 58, 128 Accounting and finance, 5, 561, 563 Activity based costing, 562 Actuators, 91–92, 94, 97, 99–102, 133, 143, 304, 437, 533 Adaptive Control, 135 Address, 2, 134, 137, 304, 308, 456, 457, 662 Adoption of standard products, 756 Advancement in automobile industry, 557 Aerospace industry, 557 Agile manufacturing, 558 Animation, 41, 44, 188, 223, 244, 256, 267, 311, 337, 367, 385, 396, 409, 429, 561, 589, 609, 615, 616, 629, 648, 669, 670, 765, 770, 775, 785 Antonin Artaud, 1 Arc Clockwise (2 Dimensional), 134 Arc Clockwise (3 Dimensional), 136 Arc Counter clockwise (3 Dimensional), 136 Arc Counterclockwise (2 Dimensional), 135 Artificiality, 1 ASCII, 140, 143–144, 300 Assemblies, 7, 8, 57–58, 64–65, 128–129 Assembly system, 64–65, 589 Attribute, 24 Augmented Reality, 1–4, 6, 12, 14, 21, 25–26, 31, 49–50, 55–56, 66, 97, 99, 127, 130, 131, 133, 138, 152, 300, 303–306, 337, 354, 360, 368, 371, 384, 436–437, 441, 507, 509, 510, 533, 551, 552, 556, 599, 751, 755–756, 758 Augmented reality for embedded system, 524 Augmented reality for Mechatronics, 552 Augmented reality for SCADA based system, 533 Axis Selection, 135 B Balance sheet, 560, 564–565 Belt, 798, 304, 306, 371, 382, 384, 396, 399, 407, 410–412, 417, 424, 432, 436, 625, 633, 654, 668–670, 685 Binary signals, 133, 143 Biotechnology for manufacturing, 753 Board on Manufacturing and Engineering Design, 751 BSI, 130 Budget allocations, 560, 565, 568 C CAD/CAM, 30 Cancel Fixed Cycle, 136 Cartesian coordinate system, 354 Case modeling, 133 Cell, 6, 47, 61, 72, 94, 116, 301, 561, 582, 599, 627, 630, 632, 641, 648, 652, 659, 661, 665–666, 677, 695, 747, 748, 749 Cellular system, 4, 31, 60 797C (cont.) Charts of accounts, 653 CIM, 301 Circular Interpolation, 135–136, 138, 149, 193, 197, 216–217, 223–224, 229, 231–232, 238, 242, 275, 284–286, 295, 299, 665, 687 Circular Interpolation (2 Dimension), 135 Circular Interpolation (3 Dimensional), 136 Clamp, Unclamp, 137 Class diagram, 25 Close loop, 1, 9–10, 94, 99, 101–102 CMM, 257 CNCDrilling class, 682–683, 689 CNCMilling class, 600, 681–682, 687, 700 CNCTurning class, 685, 689 Collaboration diagram, 25 Compiler, 93, 133, 143, 305, 307, 308, 310, 562, 599, 639, 685 Component, 4, 6–7, 24–25, 45 Component diagram, 25 Components of virtual manufacturing system, 7 Computer graphics, 1, 300 Computer modeling, 1 Computer numerical control (CNC), 8, 58, 127, 130–132 Computer simulation, 1 Constant surface Speed, 137 Consumable items, 559, 571–572, 575-576 Continuous manufacturing processes, 303 Control elements, 8, 58, 128, 756 Conveyor, 371, 382, 384, 396, 399 Conveyor3D, 396, 407, 423 Coolant, On, Off, 177 Coolants, 7, 15, 58, 128 Coordinate measuring machine, 36, 257, 295, 298 Correctness checking tools, 26 Cost Factor, 756–757 Costing, 3, 5, 561–562, 586 Costing reports, 559, 562–563 Counter, 440–441, 448, 452 Craftsman, 127 Cutter Compensation/Offset Cancel, 135, 218, 225, 230, 299 Cutter Compensation-Left, 230, 299 Cutter Compensation-Right, 230, 299 Cutter Offset-Inside Corner, 218, 230, 255, 299 Cutter Offset-Outside Corner, 218, 230, 255, 299 Cyberspace, 1 D Debugging tools, 26 Deceleration, 135 Decision parameters, 5, 92, 459, 584 Delay, 135, 219, 230, 232, 238, 242 Deployment diagram, 25 Digital Signal Processors , 509 Digits, 134, 510, 515 Digits class, 515, 519 Direction, 12, 134–135, 139–140 DirectX, 18, 45, 763 Discrete manufacturing processes, 57, 91, 93, 127, 131, 561–562 Distance learning , 1, 6, 754 Distribution valve, 537, 539, 541 Drill3D class, 244, 248 Drilling machine, 13, 72, 654, 682 Dwell, 135–136, 139, 218–219, 225 Dynamic business environment, 757–758 E E-commerce, 1, 36 Electrical transmission system, 533 Electromagnetic, 95, 98, 100, 437 Electronic components, 8, 58 Electronic interface, 130 Electronics industry, 557 Elimination of defect, 558 Embedded system, 97, 509–510, 519 Energy source, 7, 58, 128 Enterprise resource planning, 30, 557 ERP, 30, 557 Extranet, 6, 31, 50, 758 F Factory 3D window, 559–560 Factory clock, 510, 519, 525, 527 Factory controls, 563 Factory layout, 5, 44, 441, 561, 599 Factory layout window, 44, 558, 559 Factory3D class, 599, 647 Fault diagnostic, 1, 3, 20, 35, 38, 48, 49, 102 Feeding mechanism, 58 Finish goods, 560, 568–569, 580, 664 Fixed Cycle, 136 Fixed Sequential format, 134 Flexible manufacturing system, 4, 63–64 Flow line, 4, 60–62 Flow of energy, 7, 11 Flow of information, 6–7, 11, 21, 558, 758, 759 Full body immersion, 1 Function block diagram, 438 798 IndexG Gantry, 303, 305, 307, 354, 357, 360 Gantry crane, 354, 359, 360, 362, 365 Gantry3D, 365–368, 404, 407, 675 General ledger, 560, 564–567 Global domain, 759, 761 Graphical User interface, 18 Grasp, 307, 342, 345 Gripper, 304 Group of small hydroelectric generating stations, 533 Group technology, 557 Guideways, 304 H High level computer programming language, 129 Home, 55, 85, 309, 313, 343, 345, 658 Human computer interfaces, 1, 2, 436 Humidity, 92, 304 I IEC 1131-3, 437, 438 IGES, 30 Imaginary world, 1 Immersion, 1, 6 Inch Programming, 135, 139, 218, 225, 230, 243 Income statement, 560, 564 Incremental Input, 136, 218, 225, 230, 243 Industrial area, 757, 758 Industrial environment, 92, 304–305 Industrial manipulator, 8, 10, 35, 92, 303, 306 Inheritance, 23–24 Instruction list, 438 Intangible function, 3, 5, 17–18, 26 Integrated development environment, 26, 43 Integrated manufacturing system, 11–12, 96 Interaction, 1–3, 12, 24 Interactive (Standard), 129 Interchangeability, 127 Interface design, 275, 429, 506, 529 Internet, 6, 31, 50–52, 584, 590 Interpolation, 134–136, 138–139, 147, 149–150 Interpreter, 143, 196, 223, 244 Interpreter compiler, 133 Interpreter design, 140, 354, 382 Interpreter operation, 143 Intranet, 6, 30, 50, 758 Inventory management, 5, 30, 559, 561, 571 Inverse time Feed rate, 137 Irrigation system, 533 ISO, 45, 130, 305–306, 551 ISO OSI, 551 J Java, 23, 47, 590, 763, 772–773 JENA, 47, 590 Jigs and fixture database, 15–17 JIS SLIM, 5, 307, 310, 562 Job arrive event handling, 674 Job Shop, 4, 27, 29–31, 50, 60 Job status window, 559, 659 K KAIZEN, 558 Kanban (Just in Time), 557 Kernel, 510–513, 517 L Ladder diagram, 438, 455, 493, 502 LAN, 55 Large communication system, 533 Large flow lines, 533 Layout, 5, 31 Lead, 135, 218 Lean manufacturing, 557 LED, 281, 514–516, 530 Letters, 9, 134, 138, 515 LetX, 308–309 LetY, 309 LetZ, 309 Lexical analysis, 310 Light, 8, 15, 92, 99, 129, 221 Light signalization, 437 Linear interpolation, 134, 138, 147 Load, 439 LoadBar, 439, 455 Local area network, 55, 109 Lubricating oil, 7–8, 58, 128–129 M Machine elements, 58, 128 Machine output window, 559–560 Machine tool database, 12 Machines database, 13, 559, 579, 584 Machines database reports, 559 Magnetic starters, 137 MAN, 55 Management information system, 5 Manufacturing practices, 557 Manufacturing processes, 4, 5, 7–9, 57 Index 799M (cont.) Material handling equipments, 8, 36, 58, 129 Material resource planning (MRP), 557 Mechanical components, 8, 58, 128 Mechanism, 4, 7, 17, 57, 97 Mechatronics, 8, 11, 93, 97, 551 Mechatronics based application, 551 Mechatronics based system, 8, 11, 99, 551–552 Mechatronics system, 551 Memory usage tools, 26 Metal cutting processes, 4, 9, 562 Metal forming processes, 4, 57 Metal joining processes, 4, 57 Metric Programming, 136, 139 Milling machine, 13, 133, 152, 188, 600 MIS, 559, 561, 583 Modern manufacturing processes, 557 MRP II, 557 MS DOS, 2 MS Windows, 2 Multimodal devices, 1 N NC Input, 442, 449, 468, 485 NC Relay Contact, 442, 449, 450 Network communication, 1 Noise, 7, 58, 98, 100, 304 Non conventional processes, 131 Numerical Control, 8, 9, 35, 58–59, 92 O Object code, 310 Object oriented analysis, 12, 22 Object oriented analysis and design (OOAD), 21 Object oriented design, 22 Object oriented programming, 23, 27 Operation monitoring, 1, 3 Operations, 5, 35–36 Optimization of slowest link, 558 Optional (Planned) Stop, 137 OutBar, 440, 455 Output window, 558–559 Overall system description, 37 P Parabolic Interpolation, 139, 150 Parallel Ports, 194, 223, 244 Parse program, 323 Parsing, 310–311, 337 Pick and place technology, 10, 36, 562 Plane Selection, 135, 218, 299 PLC Control Library, 442, 446 PLC Counter, 453, 466 PLC Simulation Software, 438 PLC Simulator, 438–439, 446 Point to Point Positioning, 134 Polar coordinate system, 303 Pose, 308 Potable water treatment and distribution, 553 Practicing quality assurance, 1 Preload of Registers, 136 Procedure sheet, 578 Process classification, 129 Process control window, 46 Process planning, 5, 559, 561, 576 Process sales order, 560, 569 Procurement, 5, 560, 574 Production philosophies, 1, 5, 59 Production Report, 583 Products, 583 Products classification, 558, 576 Products status Report, 583 Programmable logic controller (PLC), 8, 437 Project functions, 37 Proxy User interface, 584 Proxy virtual process, 130 Purchasing, 560, 571, 576 Purchasing Quality Control, 580 Q Quality assurance, 5, 20, 580, 588 R Rapid maintenance, 1 Rapid movement, 146 Rapid response, 1, 759 Raw material status, 559, 571–572 Real Time Operating Systems, 93, 509 Real world, 1, 21 Reality virtuality continuum, 2 Refineries, 533 Relay, 437, 439, 455 Release, 307 Requirement specifications, 48 Requisition, 560, 574 Revolution Per Minute, 137 Rotate, 307 Route sheet, 559, 579 RTOS, 93, 509 RTU, 533 800 IndexS Sales order, 560, 569 Sales Quality Control, 580 Sawing, 244 SCADA based system, 533 Scheduling, 559, 581 Scheduling reports, 582 Scrap handling equipments, 8, 58, 129 Search business, 560, 590 Semantic analysis, 310 Semantic Web Technology, 590 Sensors, 97 Serialization, 441–442 Sheet metal working processes, 4 Simulated reality, 1 Simulation, 1 Six Sigma, 558 SLIM arithmetic operator, 310 SLIM assignment operator, 310 SLIM comments, 310 SLIM compiler, 310 SLIM relational operator, 310 SLIM Statement, 327, 329, 336 SLIMMoveStm, 336 Solenoid, 100 Spherical coordinate system, 303 Spindle CCW, 137, 139, 219 Spindle CW, 219, 137, 139 SQL, 599, 627 Standards organization, 130–131, 133 Steam driven machines, 557 STEP, 30 Supervisory control and data acquisition systems (SCADA), 8, 94 Suppliers, 592 Surface properties modification processes, 4 System Integration methodology, 102 System interface, 38 System overview, 34 System synthesis, 753, 755 T Tab sequential format, 134 Telepresence, 1 Theory of constraints (TOC), 557 Thermal properties modification processes, 4 Thread Cutting, Constant Lead, 167, 218 Thread Cutting, Decreasing Lead, 135, 168, 218 Tool database, 15 Tool holding devices, 8, 58, 129 Trail balance, 564 Training, 1, 3, 20, 36 Transducers, 97, 99 Transportation, 5, 30, 371, 509, 557 TTL, 551 Turning, 13–14, 215 Turning machine, 13 U UNICODE, 140 Unified Modeling Language (UML), 31 UNIX, 2 User interfaces, 2 V VDA-FS, 30 Vendors, 31, 37, 66, 133, 440 Vibration, 7, 58, 92, 101, 304 Virtual manufacturing system (VMS), 6, 584 Visual experience, 1 VMS Administrator, 36, 561, 593 VMS Assembly, 20, 35, 588–589 VMS Business, 20, 35–36, 560, 590 VMS Design, 20, 34–35, 558, 584–585 VMS Fault diagnostic, 20, 35, 559, 586–587 VMS Graphical user interface, 18, 20 VMS Help, 21, 35, 37, 597, 598 VMS monitor, 20, 34–35, 559, 586–587 VMS Planner, 20, 34–35, 584 VMS Programs, 21, 35, 37, 597 VMS Quality assurance, 20, 560, 588–589 VMS Training, 20, 35–36, 587–588 VMS Vendor, 21 VMS Videos, 597–598 W WAN, 55 Weather forecasting system, 533 WEB agent, 590 Word address format, 8, 58, 128–129, 134 Work holding devices, 8, 58, 128–129
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