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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Reactive Polymers Fundamentals and Applications - A Concise Guide to Industrial Polymers Johannes Karl Fink
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Table of Contents 1. Unsaturated Polyester Resins 2. Poly(urethane)s 3. Epoxy Resins 4. Phenol/Formaldehyde Resins 5. Urea/Formaldehyde Resins 6. Melamine Resins 7. Furan Resins 8. Silicones 9. Acrylic Resins 10. Cyanate Ester Resins 11. Bismaleimide Resins 12. Terpene Resins 13. Cyanoacrylates 14. Benzocyclobutene Resins 15. Reactive Extrusion 16. Compatibilization 17. Rheology Control 18. Grafting 19. Acrylic Dental Fillers 20. Toners Table of Contents Plastics Design Library (PDL) PDL Series Editor’s Preface Preface Preface to Second Edition How to Use this Book Index Acknowledgments Chapter 1. Unsaturated Polyester Resins 1.1 History 1.2 Monomers 1.3 Special Additives 1.4 Curing 1.5 Properties 1.6 Applications and Uses 1.7 Special Formulations References Chapter 2. Poly(urethane)s 2.1 History 2.2 Monomers 2.3 Special Additives 2.4 Curing 2.5 Properties 2.6 Applications and Uses 2.7 Special Formulations References Chapter 3. Epoxy Resins 3.1 History 3.2 Monomers 3.3 Special Additives 3.4 Curing 3.5 Properties 3.6 Applications and Uses 3.7 Special Formulations References Chapter 4. Phenol/Formaldehyde Resins 4.1 History 4.2 Monomers 4.3 Special Additives 4.4 Curing 4.5 Properties 4.6 Applications and Uses 4.7 Special Formulations 4.8 Testing Methods References Chapter 5. Urea/Formaldehyde Resins 5.1 History 5.2 Synthesis of Resin 5.3 Special Additives 5.4 Curing 5.5 Measurement of Curing 5.6 Properties 5.7 Applications and Uses 5.8 Special Formulations References Chapter 6. Melamine Resins 6.1 History 6.2 Monomers 6.3 Special Additives 6.4 Properties 6.5 Applications and Uses 6.6 Special Formulations References Chapter 7. Furan Resins 7.1 History 7.2 Monomers 7.3 Special Additives 7.4 Curing 7.5 Properties 7.6 Applications and Uses References Chapter 8. Silicones 8.1 History 8.2 Monomers 8.3 Modified Types 8.4 Curing 8.5 Crosslinking 8.6 Properties 8.7 Applications and Uses 8.8 Special Formulations References Chapter 9. Acrylic Resins 9.1 History 9.2 Monomers 9.3 Special Additives 9.4 Curing 9.5 Properties 9.6 Applications and Uses 9.7 Special Formulations References Chapter 10. Cyanate Ester Resins 10.1 History 10.2 Monomers 10.3 Special Additives 10.4 Curing 10.5 Properties 10.6 Applications and Uses 10.7 Special Formulations References Chapter 11. Bismaleimide Resins 11.1 Monomers 11.2 Special Additives 11.3 Curing 11.4 Properties 11.5 Applications and Uses 11.6 Special Formulations References Chapter 12. Terpene Resins 12.1 History 12.2 Monomers 12.3 Curing 12.4 Properties 12.5 Applications and Uses 12.6 Special Formulations References Chapter 13. Cyanoacrylates 13.1 Monomers 13.2 Special Additives 13.3 Curing 13.4 Properties 13.5 Applications and Uses References Chapter 14. Benzocyclobutene Resins 14.1 Modified Polymers 14.2 Crosslinkers 14.3 Applications and Uses References Chapter 15. Reactive Extrusion 15.1 Extruder 15.2 Compositions of Industrial Polymers 15.3 Biodegradable Compositions 15.4 Chain Extenders 15.5 Related Applications References Chapter 16. Compatibilization 16.1 Equipment 16.2 Basic Terms 16.3 Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 16.4 Compatibilization by Additives 16.5 Reactive Compatibilization 16.6 Starch Polyester Blends 16.7 Functionalization of End Groups References Chapter 17. Rheology Control 17.1 Melt Flow Rate 17.2 Rheology Control Techniques 17.3 Peroxides for Rheology Control 17.4 Scavengers 17.5 Mechanism of Degradation 17.6 High Melt Flow Poly(propylene) 17.7 Irregular Flow Improvement 17.8 Heterophasic Copolymers 17.9 Poly(propylene) References Chapter 18. Grafting 18.1 The Techniques in Grafting 18.2 Polyolefins 18.3 Other Polymers 18.4 Terminal Functionalization 18.5 Grafting onto Surfaces References Chapter 19. Acrylic Dental Fillers 19.1 History 19.2 Methods of Development 19.3 Polymeric Composite Filling Materials 19.4 Monomers 19.5 Radical Polymerization 19.6 Inhibitors 19.7 Additives 19.8 Properties 19.9 Applications References Chapter 20. Toners 20.1 Toner Components 20.2 Toner Resins 20.3 Manufacture of Toner Resins 20.4 Characterization of Toners References Index Index 757 GENERAL Ablative properties allyl boron compounds, 419 AC-calorimeters, 194 Acceleration gelation, 168 polymerization, 42, 477 Accelerators, 38 crosslinking, 331 crown ethers, 478 cyanoacrylates, 477 dental polymers, 669 ester-type, 264 Acetals cosolvents for UF, 286 cyclic, 91, 658 dichlorobenzaldehyde, 206 melamine/urea/formaldehyde resins, 286 Acetylation sisal, 553 starch, 639 Acid-base reactions, 697 Acidolysis reaction poly(carbonate), 561 polyester, 555 Acoustic ceiling tiles, 303 Acrylic resins films, 365 Adhesion amino-functionalized polysiloxane, 345 coupling agent, 391 coupling sites, 269 cyanate ester resin, 391 dental polymer, 682 graphite/bismaleimide composite, 435 hybrid resins, 160 interfacial, 523 interlaminar, 19 plasma activation, 648 self-assembling polymers, 343 sisal fibers, 553 tackifiers, 456 terpene phenol resin, 463 to glass fibers, 8, 23 to Kevlar fiber, 434 to nonpolar substrates, 483 to oily surfaces, 156 Aerobic degradation, 519 Aerodams, 517 Aerospace applications, 24, 197, 322 Aerospaceapplications, 373 Agave sisalana, 552 Agricultural applications, 245, 295, 308 Alder-ene reaction, 400, 642, 643 Alkenoylcarbamates, 352 Allophanate, 92 Amalgam replacement, 657 Amphiphilic polymers, 141 Anti-punk properties, 255 Antibodies, 433 Anticarcinogenic activity, 142 Antifoaming agents, 340 Antifouling compositions, 344 Antioxidants, 338 chewing gum, 466 grafted, 632 Antiplasticizers, 159 hyperbranched polymers, 144 Antistatic formulations, 167, 360 Aryl cyanates hydrolysis, 375 Autocatalysis isocyanate, 114 phenol, 179 Autocatalytic curing, 379, 382, 427 Autocatalytic polyol, 88 Automotive applications, 98, 160, 203, 241, 322, 517 Backbiting, 423, 520 Backcoats, 343 Bagasse, 24, 307758 Reactive Polymers Fundamentals and Applications Base-catalyzed equilibration polymerization, 325 inorganic bases, 253 Batch cell method, 353 Batteries, 167, 363 lithium, 122 Benzene yellow, 695 Beverage containers, 525 Binders abrasive, 266 friction, 266 glass fibers, 251, 266, 294, 316 petroleum recovery, 266 sand, 266, 316 Bioabsorbable polymers, 488 Biocomposites, 363 Biodegradability poly(lactide), 521 starch, 522 Biodegradable composites, 161 compositions, 517 epoxy-polyester resins, 205 grafted polymer, 518 Lysine-diisocyanate, 73 poly(lactide), 521 polyesters, 52 terpene resins, 459 Biofibers, 161 Biuret, 92, 96 Blow molding, 524 Blowing chemical, 94 epoxy resins, 203 formic acid, 95 physical, 95 Blowmolding, 517 Bonding adhesive, 648 adhesives, 475 chemical, 24, 154, 254 covalent, 648 hydrogen, 122, 488, 639 interfacial, 22, 161, 212 interphase, 152, 535 polyolefin substrates, 485 primers, 482 Bone cement, 49, 52, 688 Bookbindery, 462 Boron trifluoride complexes, 175, 179 Bottles, 46, 519 Bragg reflector mirrors, 504 Brake composites, 273 Bridges dental, 672 ether, 286 methylene, 248, 251, 286, 312 methylene-ether, 310 phenoxy, 261 silicon groups, 402 Brittleness, 1, 155, 255, 397, 466, 501, 519, 700 Brunauer Emmett Teller equation, 543 Bubbles, 38, 273, 356, 462 Building materials, 47, 204, 340, 360, 365, 368 Bumpers, 517 Cables, 341, 631 Calcification, 120 Capacitors, 164, 363 Capillary flow microreactor, 304 Carbon glass-like, 271, 313 Carbon black, 694 Carbonylation propyne, 353 urethane, 70 Carboxybetaine grafting, 119 Carboxylation, 272 Caries, 682 Cashew nut shell liquid, 25 Cassava, 544 Cast elastomers, 69 Casting, 47, 116, 182, 204 polymerization, 358Index 759 sand binders, 313 steel, 294 syrups, 349 Catalysis acidolysis, 561 copolyesterification, 14 enzymatic degradation, 488 isomerization, 6 latent, 107 titanium dioxide, 428 urethane, 103 zwitterions, 103 Catalysts addition-fragmentation, 190 delayed-action, 103, 179 latent, 107, 176, 184, 311, 386 organometallic, 106 Cavitation shear banding, 152 ultrasonic curing, 312 Ceiling temperature, 482, 510, 511, 617, 620 Cement bone, 52 dental, 669 furan resins, 313 Ceramics aluminum nitride, 421 microcellular, 338 synthesis by pyrolysis, 336 Chain branching, 608 entanglements, 26, 166 reversible termination, 567 Chain extenders, 110, 121, 156, 400, 514, 524 diols, 31 for polyesters, 52 glycols, 92 photosensitive, 92 waterborne, 93 Chain extension BCB, 498 Diels-Alder reaction, 407 diglycidyl compound, 525 Michael addition, 407 polyaddition, 524 Chain scission, 534, 590 shear induced, 614 UV, 365 Chain stoppers, 330, 498 undecanol, 3 Chain transfer, 184, 343, 514, 587, 631 mercaptan, 82, 641 Charge carrier, 51 Charge control toner, 51 Charring agents, 112 aromatic polyesters, 89 Chelates, 38, 122, 123, 182 Chemoreceptors, 189 Chewing gums, 465 Chitin N-deacetylation, 118 Chlorodioxins, 292 Chlorofluorocarbons blowing, 95 Chlorosulfonation, 434 Chromatography packing materials, 314 stationary phases, 189 Chrome yellow, 695 Chromophore conjugated furans, 317 Disperse Orange 3, 209 maleimide, 427 phenylazo-benzothiazoles, 210 Clay, see also Oganoclays,162 Hectorite, 18 macroporous, 271 nanocomposites, 540 organo, 162 organophilic, 20 Rectorite, 109 Cloud point, 152, 157, 195, 454, 458760 Reactive Polymers Fundamentals and Applications Co-condensation melamine and urea, 302 urea resins, 286 Co-continuous phase, 27, 167, 389, 390, 417, 543 Coagulation, 304 Coal-tar pitches, 315 Coalescence dispersed droplets, 211 dispersed phase, 538, 540 prevention, 546 viscosity dependence, 211 Coatings, 1, 3, 48, 86, 120, 180, 203, 322, 365, 422, 463 waterborne, 203 Coconut shells, 270 Coefficient diffusion, 687 extinction, 192 friction, 50, 199, 465 heat transfer, 509 thermal conductivity, 509 thermal expansion, 146, 375, 400 Cohesion, 352, 461, 701 Cohesion energy density, 621 Colloidal silica, 688, 695 Colorant, 51, 466 Colorants, 694 Coloration, 15 Coloring agents toners, 694 Comb-like polymers, 82, 87, 484 Combustion, 30, 116, 292, 336, 666 Comonomer assisted grafting, 633 Compatibilizers block copolymers, 157 epoxy resins, 212 grafted polymers, 615 UP resin, 49, 53 Composites, 397 hydrophobic, 665 rigid rod-like, 498 wood flour, 541 Condensation base-catalyzed, 471 Calixarenes, 189 crosslinking, 334 hydrolytic, 322 intermolecular, 330 Knoevenagel, 472 resols, 247 Conducting glues, 167 Conducting paints, 167 Conductivity electric, 207 ionic, 123 thermal, 19, 207, 377, 386, 421, 509 Consolidation restoration materials, 205 sand, 317 Controlled-release drugs, 304 fertilizers, 206 Coordination catalysts, 182 Copolymerization cationic, 187 Corona discharge, 482, 646 Corrosion problems, 96, 103, 379 resistance, 12, 51, 203, 313, 378 Cotackifiers, 456 Coupling agent, 328 for compatibilization, 548 for sisal fibers, 25 silane, 24, 161, 343, 658 Crack front, 158 Crack front bowing, 158 Crack propagation, 158 Crack trapping mechanism, 23 Crazing, 358 Critical solution temperature, 461 Crosslinkers, 472, 501 Crosslinking inhibitor N,N-dimethylformamide, 623 Crown ethersIndex 761 accelerators, 478 polymerization retarder, 187 Crystallinity reduction, 89, 122, 213, 543, 564 Curing fluorescence response, 196, 381 microwave, 198, 427, 498, 676 ultrasonic, 312 Cycloaddition, 317, 410, 495 anisotropic, 208 Cyclocondensation phenols, 248 Cyclotrimerisation, 379, 382 Cyclotrimerization, 379, 388 Cytocompatibility polyurethane, 120 Cytotoxicity, 687 HEMA monomer, 663 spiroorthocarbonates, 185 Deep-drawing, 559 Degradation acid, 115 competitive crosslinking, 53 controlled rheology, 618 enzymatic, 366 glycolytic, 200 hydrolytic, 118, 431 mechanism, 601 microbial, 459 photo, 365 thermal, 21, 116, 387 Dehydrobromination, 645 Dehydrochloration, 148 Dehydrochlorination, 101, 204, 637, 645 Dehydrodecarboxylation, 410 Dendrimers, 80, 144, 484 Depolycondensation polyurethane, 116 Depolymerizable systems, 488 Depolymerization, 45, 459, 526 Devices electronic, 164, 167, 211 electrophotography, 693 medical, 341 optical, 209 photocopying, 341 Diacyl peroxides, 36, 593 Diatomaceous earth, 539 DiBenedetto equation, 424 Dicarboxylic acid α,β-unsaturated, 19 Dielectric analysis α-relaxation, 195 Dielectric loss factor, 195 Diels-Alder polymerization, 410, 428 Diels-Alder reaction, 15, 309, 400, 411, 434, 643 o-xylylene, 495 retro, 260, 313, 410, 433 Diisocyanates blocked, 79 Dimer α-methyl styrene, 641 Dimerization isocyanates, 106 Dinnerware, 303 Dip-coating, 270 Discoloration, 87, 98, 669 Dispersive mixing, 518 Disproportionation termination, 605 Diterpenes, 448 Donor-acceptor complex, 144 Drug release, 366 Dual initiator system, 28 Dynamic fracture toughness, 22 Elasticity improvement, 269, 300 melt, 517, 538 Electrochromic devices, 122 Electrochromic windows, 207 Electrodeposition, 203 Electroless plating, 215 Electrolytes gel-type, 207 photosensitive, 317762 Reactive Polymers Fundamentals and Applications solid, 122, 207, 363 Electronparamagnetic resonance, 646 Electrophotography, 693, 694 Emission suppressants, 11, 18, 255 End groups amino, 565 carboxyl, 214 functionalization, 569 Enzymatic synthesis, 84 Epoxidation reaction, 146, 147 Estrogenic activity dental resins, 687 Exchanger cation, 481 Exfoliation nanoclays, 111 nanocomposites, 163 Expandable graphite, 33, 111 Explosive polymerization, 190 Fermentation, 517, 521 Ferroelectric film, 362 Fibers, 161, 332 Aramid, 310 binder, 257, 294, 321 biodegradable, 521 carbon, 24 coupling agent, 161 cure inhibiting, 24 fused-silica, 96 glass, 23, 678 graphite, 385 insulation, 267 jute, 25 Kevlar, 434 mineral wool, 317 natural, 24 poly(ethylene) dyeing, 646 polyester, 89 sisal, 552 strength improvement, 315 Fillers, 19, 259, 331, 677 dental, 84 flame retardant, 378 natural fibers, 24 plant-based, 21 Film blowing, 524 Flame retardants, 31, 111, 168, 291, 356 Flammability, 33, 303, 378, 501 Flash point, 336, 600 Flexibility enhancers, 154 Flip-chip manufacturing, 206 Flocculation sewage treatment, 265 Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, 533 Flow improvers, 52 Fluorescence response, 196 Fluorocarbons blowing, 95 Flyash, 21 Foams, 109, 266, 273 ceramic, 122 flexible, 86 floral applications, 266 microcellular, 338 PET, 524 rigid, 76, 86 Footwear, 560 Formaldehyde dispersions, 257 exothermic hazards, 254 free, 275 hydroxylamine titration, 275 low emission types, 255 ratio to phenol, 250 reduction, 256 resol resins, 257 scavengers, 256 Foundries furan binders, 316 Foundry sands, 294 Fragrant oil encapsulation, 304 Friedel-Crafts alkylation, 569Index 763 catalysts, 311, 452 reaction, 405 Fries rearrangement, 514 Furan photosensitive polymer electrolyte, 317 Functionalization block copolymers, 542 macromonomer, 82 montmorillonite, 20 of nitrile rubber, 560 poly(lactide), 520 poly(propylene), 546, 617 star branched polymers, 163 terminating reagents, 567 Furniture coatings, 37, 47 Gardner scale, 458 Gel coat, 5, 10, 12, 18 Gel point, 41, 194, 388, 424 thermal mechanical analysis, 42 Gelling, 96 catalysts, 94 hybride resins, 30 inhibition, 338 preliminary, 16, 322 reduced contraction, 676 viz. blowing, 101 Gels drug delivery system, 206 thermoreversible, 435 Glass transition temperature IPN, 29 modelling, 153 structure properties relationships, 44 Gloss polyesters, 19 Glue resins, 283 Graphite, 694 Gratings, 504, 644 Grignard reagents, 321 synthesis, 328 Halomethylation, 272 Hantz reaction, 284 Hanza yellow, 695 Hardeners, 176, 263 Hemp, 23 Hildebrand solubility parameter, 452, 455 Himalaya pine, 449 Hindered amine light stabilizers, 36 Hock process, 140 Holography, 209, 644 Hot-melt adhesive, 459, 462 reactive, 114 Hot-melt extrusion adhesives, 460 Household applications, 203, 341, 360, 361, 368 Hydrocarbonylation ethene, 353 Hydrogels, 205 Hydroperoxides, 590 Hydrosilylation, 328, 616, 643 aromatic compounds, 328 crosslinking, 335 inhibitors, 333 platinum complexes, 333 silicones, 199 Hydrosylilation, 391 Ignition point peroxides, 591 Image latent, 693 Indene resins, 462 Inhibitor coloring, 17 silicones, 327 trimerization, 106 Inhibitors anionic polymerization, 480 crosslinking, 623 grafting, 623 hydrosilylation, 333 radical polymerization, 16, 17, 328, 352, 677764 Reactive Polymers Fundamentals and Applications Iniferter Method, 567 Initiation ultrasonic, 628 Initiator systems dual, 676 Initiators anionic, 428, 485 atom transfer radical polymerization, 461 cationic, 183 controlled rheology, 589 dental polymers, 669 dual, 28 encapsulated, 384 functionalized, 624 iniferter method, 567 latent, 186 peroxide, 35 radical, 358, 387 redox, 658 UV-sensitive, 48 Insertion carbene, 631 epoxide, 182 epoxy, 386 intercalation, 162 vinyl monomer, 568 Intercalation, 162, 540 melt processing, 109 Interfacial slip, 534 Interlayers charged, 162 Intramolecular cyclization, 423 Intumescence, 113, 526 Ionomers acrylic modified polyolefins, 554, 555 polyurethane, 110 Iron black, 694 Isocyanates comb-like, 82 phosgene-free synthesis, 70 Isomerization allyl ether, 10 oxazoline, 386 propylene oxide, 87 unsaturated polyester, 6 Jute, 23, 25, 259 Karstedt catalysts, 328, 333, 391 Keratinization, 487 Ketone Peroxides, 36 Kinetics autocatalytic curing, 153, 257 crosslinking, 117 curing, 40, 114, 166, 669 cyclotrimerization, 389 grafting, 623 infrared spectroscopy, 423 intragallery curing, 163 isomerization, 6 monitoring, 193 peroxide decomposition, 599 photopolymerization, 675 polyesterification, 14 polymerization, 249 self-catalyzed reaction, 16 water content, 262 Knoevenagel reaction, 472 Laminates continuous fibers, 161 hyperbranched polymers, 145 printed circuit boards, 385 Lenses, 208 Lignin, 523 Low-profile additives, 21, 26 Lubricants, 160 Macroradicals, 516, 612, 618, 621, 624, 633 poly(propylene), 547 Mandioca, 544 Manicure compositions, 486 Manihot, 544 Manioc, 544 Mannich bases, 179 reaction, 264Index 765 Marble artificial, 361 conservation, 365 Masterbatches peroxides, 595 Mechanochemistry, 612 Melt condensation, 14, 16 Melt phase boundaries, 531 Membranes carbon, 270 dialysis, 636 drug release, 366 molecular sieves, 270 polyurethane, 109 reactive, 206 thermally stable, 435 Mercury porosimetry, 543 Mesomorphic phases, 553 Metallocene catalyst, 642 terminal unsaturation, 569 Metallocene salts, 485 Methylene blue, 695 Methylolation, 286 Michler’s ketone, 189 Microcapsules, 296 controlled-release of drugs, 304 Microcracking, 44, 159 Microfibrils, 555 Microfiltration membranes, 270 Microgels, 151, 698, 699 Microvoids, 26, 44 Microwave curing, 197 Mixer batch, 53, 566 Brabender, 550 cavity transfer, 612 extruder, 513, 531 Plasti-Corder, 555 static, 612 Modifiers alkenyl, 374 conductivity, 161 epoxy adhesives, 203 epoxy resins, 112 impact strength, 606 interphase, 537 liquid rubber, 156 melt strength, 524 polyterpene resins, 462 tiazone, 289 toughness, 212, 290, 389, 417 unaturated polyester, 6 urea resins, 300 Modulus compression, 21 elastic, 121, 199, 377 flexural, 20, 21, 378, 389, 590 shear, 434 storage, 388, 405, 643 tensile, 20, 45, 544, 553 Moisture barriers, 460 Molecular sieve, 270, 522 Monomer reactivity ratios, 28, 40, 635 Monoterpenes, 448 Multi-initiator systems, 676 Multiring monomers, 405 Multivariate analysis, 196, 432 Müller-Rochow process, 327 Nail chapping, 486 Nanocomposites, 22, 532, 540 clay, 540 intercalation, 20 layered silicate, 111, 162 montmorillonite, 111 rectorite, 109 silica, 110 silicate, 377 Nanofibers, 678, 680 Nanofillers silsesquioxane, 421 Nanoparticles layered silicate, 164 metal oxide, 678 titanium dioxide, 22 Nanotubes, 161 Natural rubber, 366, 449766 Reactive Polymers Fundamentals and Applications epoxidized, 22 Nematic acrylics, 663 film, 208 network, 146 Neoprene rubber, 461 Network breaking, 201, 313 hybrid, 31, 167 interlock, 29 interpenetrating, 28, 29, 117, 164, 210, 388, 429 liquid crystalline, 146 nonazeotropic composition, 40 porous, 435 reduction of crosslink density, 374 reinforcement, 247 reversible, 201 silicone, 331 unsaturated polyester, 1 Nigrosine, 694 Nitroxides cyclic, 568 Nitroxyl radicals, 602 Nonlinear optics, 209, 435 Novolak, 142 bismaleimide-modified, 421 cyanate ester, 377 diallyl bisphenol A, 400 epoxy resin, 168, 387 resin, 241, 247 thermoplastic, 640 toughener for, 466 Nucleation, 304, 390, 551 Number acid, 16 Avogadro, 621 hydroxyl, 89 Sherwood, 510 Optical applications, 141, 176 benzocyclobutene, 504 Optical resins, 207 Organisms aquatic, 344 Organoclays, 18, 20, 162 Oxamides, 103 Ozone depletion potential, 95 resistance, 340, 461, 560 treatment, 503 Paintability, 571 Paper release agents, 341 Paraffin wax, 19, 455 Particle collisions, 538 Peresters, 36, 595 Peroxides flash points, 600 half-lifes, 600 Phase transfer catalyst, 148, 514 Phosgenation, 73, 74 Phosgene reaction of bisphenol, 514 Phosphorylation, 272 Photo curing, 197, 485 Photoalignment method, 208 Photochemical bromination, 645 chlorination, 645 generation of dienes, 411 reaction, 209, 317 Photodimerization chalcone, 208 Photoinitiators, 36, 52, 186, 384, 673 cationic, 188 radical, 193 visible light, 190 Photopolymerization, 30, 675 cationic, 186, 189 postpolymerization, 187 radical, 206 Photoresist gratings, 504 negative, 92, 384 positive, 268 Photostability, 209 Photostabilizers, 681Index 767 Phytotoxicity, 317 Pine resin, 450 Plasma treatment, 644 Plasticizers cyanoacrylate esters, 475 Plasticizersepoxy resins, 167 Polyamide 6 γ-crystals, 551 Polyesterimides, 418 Polymerization anionic, 485 coordinative, 182 emulsion, 154, 555 Enthalpy, 511 Entropy, 511 furfuryl alcohol, 316 living, 82 metathesis, 512 multibranching, 144 suspension, 340, 696 Polymers heat-resistant, 110, 325, 342, 414, 428 hyperbranched, 144, 212, 412, 484 self-healing, 296 telechelic, 568 Polyphosphazenes, 208 Polyurea resins, 92 Polyurethane waterborne, 122 Postcure treatment, 197, 414, 425, 675 Postpolymerization photo curing, 187 Pot life, 17, 40, 42, 179, 182, 384 Pour point depressants, 49, 52 Powder coatings, 48 Prepregs, 386, 397 Pressure-sensitive adhesive hot-melt, 642 Primers, 482, 483, 688 Printed circuit boards, 162, 204, 332, 342, 385 Printing inks, 186, 454 Printing medium ink-jet, 368 toner, 693 Promoters adhesion, 615, 663, 682 amine, 29 dental polymers, 668 redox, 37 silicone synthesis, 327 visbreaking, 274 Pulse-cure method, 676 Pyrones cycloadduct, 410 Quinoline yellow, 695 Radical β-scission, 593, 608 branching, 516 chlorination, 645 copolymerization, 40 coupling, 534 diffusion control, 29 grafting, 521, 541, 611, 614 grafting kinetics, 623 induced decomposition, 627 inhibitor, 670 initiator, 34 photoinitiator, 186 polymerization kinetics, 42 scavenger, 643 stable, 601, 614 telomerization, 82 Radical polymerization atom transfer, 567–569 bismaleimides, 412 chain transfer, 343 cyanoacrylate, 485 living, 567 ring opening, 665 Reactive solvents, 210, 246 Reactors bent loop, 509 Recombination termination, 618768 Reactive Polymers Fundamentals and Applications Reductive amination, 92, 104 Reinforcing materials epoxides, 161 unsaturated polyesters, 23 Relaxation dipol, 195 viscoelastic, 389 Renewable resources vegetable cellulose, 307 Residence time, 507, 508, 513, 571, 590, 608, 613, 698 Resistance hydrolytic, 3, 90 impact, 22, 31, 554, 571 thermal, 20, 50 Reworkable resins, 201 Rigidity control, 8, 44, 89 Ring and ball method, 458 Rubber tackifier, 6 Rutherford back-scattering technique, 646 Salicylates ultraviolet absorbers, 356 Sanitary products, 47, 341, 361, 462, 558 Sawdust, 21, 24 Scaffold, 119 Scavengers acid, 90 formaldehyde, 251, 256 Schiff bases, 147 Schotten-Baumann reaction, 663 Schulz-Flory distribution, 88 Scission homolytic, 601 Sealants, 341, 460 Self-extinguishing unsaturated polyesters, 32 Sequence length reactivity, 14 Sesquiterpenes, 448 Sewage treatment phenol/formaldehyde resins, 265 Shrinkage, 35, 42, 107, 198, 662 cationic polymerization, 666 control, 27 cyclic monomers, 665 low profile additive, 28 measurements, 28 strain, 676 Silacrown compounds preparation, 478 promoter, 478 Silaferrocenophanes, 325 Silly putty, 321 Silsequioxane resins, 322 Sisal, 23 Sizing agents, 463 Softening point, 458, 462 Soil amendment, 295 Solubility parameters peroxides, 621 solvents and polymers, 457 Solvents aprotic, 412 Solvolysis, 37, 114, 200 Spin-coating, 210 Spoilers, 517 Stabilizers acid, 472 efficiency, 622 foam, 340 polyvinyl chloride, 204 storage time, 79, 480 UV, 573 Starch acetylated, 639 amylose, 639 blend, 522, 523 cassava, 545 corn, 248, 639 esterification, 639 grafted, 517, 637, 639 modified, 523 rice, 629 sago, 544Index 769 tapioca, 545 thermoplastic, 559 Steam activation, 272 distillation, 450 hydrolysis, 526 treatment, 259 Stereolithography, 367 Steric hindrance, 14, 101, 166, 424, 425, 427, 639 Storage time inhibitors, 17 phenolic resin, 268 unsaturated polyester resin, 18 Strength bond, 475 cohesive, 472 compressive, 13, 19, 267, 498, 663 flexural, 20, 21, 24, 25, 322, 332, 384, 388, 389 peel, 156, 199, 385, 456 tensile, 22, 29, 111, 117, 121, 159, 291, 389, 431, 435, 484, 544, 563, 630 Sulfonation, 272 Supercritical carbon dioxide, 618 Superglues, 471 Surface metallization, 215 Swelling chromatography support, 315 drug delivery system, 206 jute, 259 Syrups casting, 349 Tackifier, 366, 456 Tackifying resin waterborne, 460 Tapes adhesive, 203, 342, 462 Tapioca, 544 Tempera paintings, 366 Tetraterpenes, 448 Thermal cracking, 274 Thermal transfer ribbons, 342 Thermochromic dyes, 686 Thermolabile linkages, 201 Thermolysis, 184 peroxyketals, 626 recycling, 200 Thermotropic polymers, 498, 553 Thickeners, 480 Thixotropic additives, 18 resins, 13 Tint agents dental polymers, 659, 682 Tissue adhesives, 487, 488 Toners bisphenol A fumarate, 51 low fix temperature, 698 styrene-acrylic resin, 698 textile printing, 700 Top coat, 5 Tougheners, 212, 417 dendrimers, 144 rubbers, 156 Toxicity isocyanates, 79 maleic anhydride, 622 silacrown ethers, 478 tissue adhesives, 487 Transesterification, 5, 89, 200, 264, 472, 478, 515, 525, 554 zinc acetate, 45 Trimerization, 381 Triterpenes, 448 Trommsdorff effect, 29, 42 Ultrasonic assisted extrusion, 532 curing, 312 initiation, 628 reactor, 115 Ultraviolet absorbers, 36, 356 Ultraviolet stabilizers, 36 Unsaturated polyesters770 Reactive Polymers Fundamentals and Applications π-interactions, 30 waterborne, 10 Urdiol, 84 Urethane dimethacrylates, 84 Uretonimine, 77 Vector fluids, 549 Vinyl offset, 698 Vinyl staining, 98, 105 Visbreaking, 274 Viscosity branched polymers, 525 chain stopper, 668 controlled rheology, 590 grafting, 618 hot-melt adhesives, 462 interfacial slip, 534 intrinsic, 524, 573 liquid crystalline polymer, 554, 663 reactive diluents, 400 thickeners, 480 vis-breaking processes, 606 Visible light sensitizer, 190 Vitrification, 166, 195, 367 Wagner-Jauregg reaction, 425 Wastewater treatment plants, 519 Water sorption, 431, 678, 686 Wetting agent, 317 Whiskers, 161 Xanthens, 259 Yucca, 544 Zwitterionic salts, 103
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