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عدد المساهمات : 18928 التقييم : 35294 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Copper Tube Handbook Industry Standard Guide for the Design and Installation of Copper Piping Systems
![كتاب Copper Tube Handbook C_t_h_10](https://i.servimg.com/u/f61/15/36/74/14/c_t_h_10.jpg) و المحتوى كما يلي :
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 7 UNDERSTANDING COPPER TUBE 1. STANDARD TUBES 9 Types of Copper Tube 9 Tube Properties 9 Identification of Copper Tube 9 Introduction To Copper Tube, Piping and Fittings 10 2. SELECTING THE RIGHT TUBE FOR THE JOB 11 Advantages of Copper Tube 11 Minimum Recommendations for Various Applications 11 3. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION DATA 13 Pressure System Sizing 13 Pressure Ratings and Burst Strength 15 Drainage Plumbing Systems 17 Copper Tube for Heating Systems 19 Ground Source Heat Pumps 20 Nonflammable Medical Gas Piping Systems 20 Medical Gas Copper Installation 21 Snow Melting Systems 22 Irrigation and Agricultural Sprinkler Systems 22 Solar Energy Systems 22 Copper-Iron Alloy Tube and Fittings for High Pressure HVAC/R Applications 23 General Considerations 25 WORKING WITH COPPER TUBE 4. BENDING 30 Bending Copper Tube 30 TABLE 4.1. Bending Guide for Copper Tube 30 5. JOINING METHODS 32 Solder or Brazed Joints 32 No-flame Joints 32 Additional Joining Methods 32 6. FITTINGS, SOLDERS, FLUXES 33 Fittings 33 Solders 33 Fluxes 34 7. SOLDERED JOINTS 35 Measuring and Cutting 35 Reaming 36 Cleaning 36 Applying Flux 37 Assembly and Support 38 Heating 38 Applying Solder 39 Cooling and Cleaning 40 Testing 40 Soldering Preparation 41 Soldering and Brazing Copper Alloy Flanges 41 Fluxing & Soldering Techniques 41 Soldering of No-Lead Copper Alloy Fittings, Valves & Components 41 8. BRAZED JOINTS 42 Brazing Filler Metals 42 Fluxes 42 Assembly 43 Applying Heat and Brazing 43 Horizontal and Vertical Joints 43 Removing Residue 44 General Hints and Suggestions 44 Brazing Copper Tube 44 Testing 44 Purging 44 How to Braze Threaded Copper Adapters 44 9. FLARED JOINTS 45 How-To: Use Flare Joints for Copper 46 10. ROLL GROOVE JOINTS 47 Preliminary Requirements 47 Installation Steps 47 Testing 49 11. PRESS-CONNECT JOINTS 50 Preliminary Requirements 50 Installation Steps 51 Press-Connect Joints for HVACR Applications 53 Testing 54 12. PUSH-CONNECT JOINTS 55 Preliminary Requirements 55 Installation Steps 56 Testing 58 13. MECHANICALLY FORMED EXTRUDED OUTLETS 59 Preliminary Requirements 59 Installation Steps 60 Testing 63 Solderless Fittings 63 TECHNICAL DATA 14. TABLES AND FIGURES 65 TABLE 14.1. Copper Tube: Types, Standards, Applications, Tempers, Lengths 65 TABLE 14.2A. Dimensions and Physical Characteristics of Copper Tube: Type K 66 TABLE 14.2B. Dimensions and Physical Characteristics of Copper Tube: Type L 67 TABLE 14.2C. Dimensions and Physical Characteristics of Copper Tube: Type M 68 TABLE 14.2D. Dimensions and Physical Characteristics of Copper Tube: DWV 69 TABLE 14.2E. Dimensions and Physical Characteristics of Copper Tube: ACR 70 TABLE 14.2F. Dimensons and Physical Characteristics of Copper Tube: Medical Gas, K and L 71 TABLE 14.3A. Calculated Rated Internal Working Pressures for Copper Tube: Type K 72 TABLE 14.3B. Calculated Rated Internal Working Pressure for Copper Tube: Type L 73 TABLE 14.3C. Calculated Rated Internal Working Pressure for Copper Tube: Type M 74 TABLE 14.3D. Calculated Rated Internal Working Pressure for Copper Tube: DWV 75 TABLE 14.3E. Calculated Rated Internal Working Pressure for Copper Tube: ACR 76 TABLE 14.4A. Pressure-Temperature Ratings of Soldered and Brazed Joints 77 TABLE 14.4B. Pressure-Temperature Ratings of No-flame Joints 78 TABLE 14.5. Actual Burst Pressures Types K, L and M Copper Water Tube 79 TABLE 14.6. Pressure Loss of Water Due to Friction in Types K, L and M Copper Tube 80 TABLE 14.6. Pressure Loss of Water Due to Friction in Types K, L and M Copper Tube 81 TABLE 14.7. Pressure Loss in Fittings and Valves Expressed as Equivalent Length of Tube 82 TABLE 14.7A. Pressure Loss in HVACR Elbows Expressed as Equivalent Length of Tube 83 TABLE 14.8. Radii of Coiled Expansion Loops and Developed Lengths of Expansion Offsets 84 TABLE 14.9. Dimensions of Solder Joint Ends for Wrought Pressure Fittings 85 TABLE 14.10. Solder Requirements for Solder Joint Pressure Fittings 86 TABLE 14.11. Typical Brazing Filler Metal Consumption 87 TABLE 14.12. Filler Metals for Brazing 88 FIGURE 14.1. Collapse Pressure of Copper Tube, Types K, L and M 89 FIGURE 14.2. Expansion vs. Temperature Change for Copper Tube 90 FIGURE 14.3 Coiled Expansion Loops and Expansion Offsets 91 FIGURE 14.4. Selected Pressure Fittings 92 FIGURE 14.5. Dimensions of Solder Joint Fitting Ends 93 FIGURE 14.6. Melting Temperature Ranges for Copper and Copper Alloys, Brazing Filler Metals, Brazing Flux and Solders 94 FIGURE 14.7. Brazing Flux Recommendations 95
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