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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Fatigue and Tribological Properties of Plastics and Elastomers - Third Edition Laurence W. McKeen
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Table of contents 1. Introduction to fatigue 2. Introduction to the Tribology of Plastics and Elastomers 3. Introduction to Plastics and Polymers 4. Styrenics 5. Polyethers 6. Polyesters 7. Polyimides 8. Polyamides 9. Polyolefins And Acrylics 10. Thermoplastic Elastomers 11. Fluoropolymers 12. High Temperature Plastics Appendices Abbreviations Tradenames Conversion Factors Subject Index A ABS. See Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) Acetal copolymer. See Polyoxymethylene copolymer (POM-Co) Acetal polymers, 87 Acetals-polyoxymethylene homopolymer, 87 chemical structure of, 87 for DuPont Delrin 500 acetal resin, 93 DuPont Delrin acetal resins, 90 higher-stiffness, 89 low-friction and low-wear, 89 DuPont Delrin 100, 500, and 900, 92 for DuPont Delrin 500 and 500CL medium-viscosity POM resins, 92 DuPont Delrin POM Plastics, 94 dynamic coefficient of DuPont Delrin![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) friction, 94 fatigue crack propagation vs. stress intensity factor molecular weights of generic unfilled POM, 91 fatigue data, 87 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure for DuPont Delrin 100, 500, and 900, 91 general-purpose DuPont Delrin acetal resins, 88 RTP Company RTP 800 TFE 20 DEL—POM Homopolymer, 94 stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure for DuPont Delrin 500, 90 Teflon PTFE levels in DuPont Delrin , 93 toughened DuPont Delrin acetal resins, 88 tribology data, 87 UV-stabilized, 90 Acrylic polymers, 261 Acrylics, 261 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), 68, 171 copolymer, 56 fatigue data, 72 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure, 71 grades available, 72 polymerization, 72 styrene acrylonitrile (SAN) chemical structure of, 70 tensile stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac BDT5510 ABS, 74 for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac BDT6500—ABS, 74 for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac CGA—ABS, 74 for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac CGF20, 75 for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac CTR52, 75 for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac EX39, 75 for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac EX58, 76 for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac EX75, 76 for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac G-100 ABS, 73 ultrasonic fatigue testing, 73 Acrylonitrile monomers, 68 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 4 Amorphous nylon, 220 fatigue crack propagation rate vs. stress intensity factor Evonik Industries Trogamid T5000, 253 fatigue data, 223 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure EMS-Grivory Grilamid amorphous 6-3-T polyamide plastics, 254 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure of Evonik Industries Trogamid T5000, 255 monomers used, to Grilamid TR55, 253 PACM 12 semicrystalline polyamide chemical structure of, 253 6-3-T amorphous nylon chemical structure of, 253 tensile fatigue limit Evonik Industries Trogamid T5000, 254 Amorphous plastics, 54 Amorphous polymers, 220 Amorphous regions, 291 Aromatic polyamide fiber, 43 ASA polymers, 65 ASTM D1894-08 Standard Test Method, 34 Atactic polypropene, 50 B Ball-and-stick three-dimensional representation, of perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), 307 BASF Elastollan 500 Grades PolyetherPolyurethane Thermoplastic Elastomers, 282 Block techniques, create long-chain molecules, 279 BPADA-based PIs, 197 C Carbon black, 62 Carbon fibers, 43 CAS Number, 330 Celazole PBI, 337 Chemical Abstract Service (CAS), 62 Chemours Teflon FEP, 299 Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), 268 Coefficient of friction (COF), 27 COOH acid group, 199 Copolymers, 46 high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), 46 linear/branched/cross-linked polymers, 47 polystyrene, fatigue crack propagation, 47 Cross-linked polyethylene, 262 peroxide/engel method (PEX-a), 262 radiation/electron-beam method (PEX-c), 263 silane method (PEX-b), 262 D Degree of polymerization, 53 Degree of unsaturation (DoU), 48 DeMattia Flex test, 11 Design against fatigue, 24–25 Dipole moment, 47 Dry as molded (DAM), 199 DuPont Company, 182, 311 DuPont Hytrel polyester TPEs, 281 DuPont Rynite , 149 DuPont’s method, 87 DuPont Teijin Films Mylar and Melinex , 149 E Eccentric machines, 5 ECTFE-based plastics, 294 Elastomeric alloy-thermoplastic vulcanizates (EA-TPVs), 289346 Subject Index Elastomers, 55, 289 antistatic agents, 60 carbon black, 62 catalysts, 58 combustion modifiers, 57 component of, 45 composite materials, several types of, 57 coupling agents, 62 fatigue life comparison of carbon and glass fiber–reinforced polyamide, 58 fillers, reinforcement, composites, 56 fire, 57 flame retardants, 57 impact modifiers/tougheners, 58 linkage-based names, 63 polymer, 62 lubricants/slip agents/tribology additives, 58 methacrylate–butadiene styrene rubber (MBS), 60 micrograph of orthotropic fiber-glass orientation, 57 micrograph of random fiber-glass orientation, 57 multiple polymer names, for same materials, 63 notched Izod of BASF Ultramid B-3 Nylon 6, 59 optical brighteners, 60 pigments/extenders/dyes/mica, 61 plastic compositions, 55 plasticization by water absorption, 61 plasticizers, 61 polymer nomenclature, 62 release agents/antiblocking agents, 58 smoke suppressants, 57 source-based names, 62 structure-based names, 62 thermal stabilizers, 62 titanium dioxide, 61 tortuous path of permeant molecule, 61 UV stabilizers, 59 Electronegativity, 47 EPDM. See Ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM) Erosion, 29 Ethylene–chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, 293 Ethylene–propylene diene monomer (EPDM), 287 Ethylene–propylene rubber (EPR), 265 Expanded polystyrene (EPS), 65 Extruded polystyrene (XPS), 65 F Fatigue crack propagation (FCP), 264 Fatigue life, affecting factors, 23 cyclic stress state, 23 direction of loading, 24 environmental conditions, 24 geometry, 23 internal defects, size/distribution of, 24 material type, 23 residual stresses, 23 surface quality, 23 type of fatigue, 23 Fatigue process, 21 crack growth/propagation, 21–22 crack initiation, 21 failure, 22–23 Fatigue testing, 4 ASTM fatigue-related standards, 12 cantilevered beam eccentric flexural fatigue machine, 7 cantilevered fatigue-testing machine, 9 ASTM D671, 8 diagram of, 8 coupons, 4 crack growth graph, 22 cyclic stress–strain curve, 18 data, understanding, 16 cyclic stress–strain behavior, 17–18 monotonic stress–strain behavior, 16–17 strain–life behavior, 18–19 stress–life behavior, 20–21 DeMattia Flex tester, 12 DIN fatigue-related standards, 15 eccentric machine flexural oscillation fatigue tests, 7 for tensile/compressive oscillation, 5 failure, plastic specimen, 17 fatigue fracture, surface of, 23 fatigue resistance, 23 in compression, 24 flex life machines, 10–11 flexural eccentric fatigue machine, 7 fracture standards, 12 generic Haigh diagram, 21 ISO fatigue-related standards, 14 JIS fatigue-related standards, 15 method, 10 MIT Flex Life tester, 11 polytetrafluoroethylene testing frequency on fatigue properties, 11 PTFE samples, measured temperature of, 10 Ross Flex tester, 11 servohydraulic/electrohydraulic/pulsator fatigue-testing machines, 8–9 servohydraulic fatigue-testing machine with environmental chamber, 9 flexural test rig, 9 sheet fatigue-testing specimens, illustration of, 4 short-term S–N data, 25 strain–life curve effect of mean stress, 20 modeled, 19 strain–life plot, 19 stress–strain behavior, 18 stress/strain, cyclic nature of, 6 tensile eccentric fatigue machine, 5–6 photograph of, 6 test piece geometry on fatigue resistance, 24 typical molded rod fatiguetesting specimens, 5 typical monotonic stress–strain curve, 16 typical stress–life curves, 20 ultrasonic fatigue, 9 FCP. See Fatigue crack propagation (FCP) FEP. See Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) Flexible PVC compounds, 269 Fluorescent brightening agents (FBAs), 60 Fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs), 60 Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), 296, 299 ball-and-stick three-dimensional representation, 305 chemical structure of, 305 Chemours Teflon FEP PV and wear factors, 306 coefficient of friction vs. load Chemours Teflon FEP 100 resin, 306 dynamic coefficient of friction vs. sliding speed Chemours Teflon FEP, 306 fatigue data, 300 hexafluoropropylene (HFP), 299 MIT Fold Endurance of Chemours Teflon FEP Resins, 305 three-dimensional representation of, 305 tribology data, 300 Fluorine, 303 Fluoroplastics, 291 melting point ranges of, 292 Fluoropolymers, 291 amorphous regions, 291 PTFE molecule, 291 Frictional force, 27–28 characterizing wear, 31 environmental conditions, 34 PV limit, 33–34 wear factor, 32 wear rate, 32 coefficient of friction sliding speed and pressure, 28 temperature for DuPont Vespel SP-21, 28 DuPont Vespel SP-21 dependence of wear factor different hardness, 33 roughness levels, 33 temperature dependence of wear factor, 32 effect of moisture content of gas, 34 illustration of, 27 lubrication, 28–29 between block and plate, 28 DuPont Vespel SP-21, 29 microscopic scale, illustration of, 27 wear classified by mechanism, 31 Fully hydrodynamic, 29Subject Index 347 G Geometric isomers, 50 Glass fibers, 43 Grilamid TR55, 220 H Hexafluoropropylene (HFP), 299 High-density polyethylene (HDPE), 261 High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) columns, 317 Hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS), 59 Homopolymers, 263, 291 HVAC equipment, 111 I Imide polymer blends, 193 DuPont Engineering Polymers Vespel![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) TP-8000 series flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure, 195 thermoplastic polyimide DuPont Vespel![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) TP-8000 series chemical structure of, 195 tribological properties Several DuPont Engineering Plastics Vespel TP Series Thermoplastic Polyimide Plastics Suzuki Thrust Wear Test Results, 196 Several DuPont Engineering Plastics Vespel TP Series TPI Plastics Suzuki Thrust Wear Test, 196 Imide-type polymer, 171 Impact copolymers, 264 Impact wear processes, 30 Inorganic screeners, 60 Instrument panels (IPs), 82 Inversions, 311 Isomers, 49 atactic, 50 cis- and trans, 50 geometric, 50 head-to-tail isomers, 50 isotactic, 50 isotactic polypropene 3D ball-and-stick structure of, 50 structure of, 50 stereoisomers—syndiotactic, 50 structural, 49 syndiotactic polypropene, structure of, 51 Isophorone bisphenol chemical structure of, 126 Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 280 Isophthalic acid (IPA), 223 L LCPs. See Liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) Lifed part, 25 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), 261 Linkage-based names, 63 Liquid crystal display (LCD), 319 Liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs), 156 Celanese Vectra LCP Grades coefficients of friction, 159 Celanese Vectra LCP resins friction, dynamic coefficient of, 158 wear volumes, 158 chemical structures of Celanese Vectra A950, 157 monomers, 156 fatigue data, 157 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure Celanese Vectra fiber-reinforced LCP plastics, 157 Celanese Zenite 6130 BK010, 158 tribology data, 157 Longitudinal stress, 3 Lubrication, 28 M Medium-density polyethylene (MDPE), 261 Methacrylate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (MABS) copolymer, 78 4,4′-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), 280 Mica, 61 M.I.T. Tester, 10 Monomers, 46 Multiphase polymer blends, 56 N Nitrile groups, 70 Nylon 6 (PA6), 200 characteristics, 201 chemical structure, 200 coefficient of friction vs. load Toray Resin Company Amilan![:tm: ™](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/2122.png?v=2.2.7) CM1021, 205 fatigue data, 201 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure BASF Ultramid B 3WG6, 204 EMS-Grivory Grilon PV-5H, 202 SABIC Innovative Plastics Thermocomp PF006, 203 Toray Resin Company Amilan![:tm: ™](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/2122.png?v=2.2.7) CM1011G-45, 203 Toray Resin Company Amilan PA6 plastics, 202 frictional coefficients as load and lubrication conditions Toray Resin Company Amilan![:tm: ™](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/2122.png?v=2.2.7) CM1017 PA6 plastics, 206 load dependence of amount of wear Toray Resin Company Amilan![:tm: ™](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/2122.png?v=2.2.7) PA 6, 207 load dependence of frictional coefficient Toray Resin Company Amilan![:tm: ™](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/2122.png?v=2.2.7) PA 6, 206 moisture content Influence on flexural fatigue performance BASF Capron 8233G HS, 204 resistance to tensile–tensile fatigue BASF Capron 8233G HS, 205 stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure BASF Ultramid glass fiber, 201 Toray Resin Company Amilan CM1017, stress–lifetime curve, 202 tribological properties RTP Company RTP 207A TFE 20 HS, 207 RTP Company RTP 207A TFE 13 SI 2 HS, 207 RTP Company RTP 299A X 90821, 208 RTP Company RTP 299A X 82678 C, 207 tribology data, 201 Nylon 11 (PA11), 201 chemical structure, 208 taber abrasion resistance of Rilsan AESNO with modifications, 208 tribology data, 203 Nylon 12 (PA12), 204 abrasion vs. sliding distance Evonik Industries Vestamid PA12 plastics, 209 dynamic coefficient of friction vs. bearing pressure Evonik Industries Vestamid L1901, 210 dynamic coefficient of friction vs. bearing temperature Evonik Industries Vestamid L1901, 210 fatigue data, 208 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure EMS-Grivory Grilamid LV-5H, 209 taber abrasion of Evonik Industries Vestamid , 211 tribology data, 208 Nylon 46 (PA46), 208 chemical structure, 211 fatigue cycles to failure vs. stress in flexure, 211 glass fiber–reinforced DSM Stanyl![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) PA46 resins, 212 fatigue cycles to failure vs. stress in tension DSM Stanyl TW300 PA46 resin, 212 fatigue data, 210 G456 steel of DSM Stanyl PA46 resin, PV diagram, 214 stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure DSM Engineering Plastics Stanyl![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) TE200F6, 212 tensile fatigue performance ASTM D1044 of DSM Stanyl PA46 resin, 213 of DSM Stanyl TW341, 213 DSM Stanyl TW200F6 and TW200B6 PA46 resins, 213 tribology data, 210348 Subject Index Nylon 66 (PA66), 210 axial stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure DuPont Engineering Plastics Zytel![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 101, 223 axial tension/compression stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure DuPont Engineering Plastics Zytel![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) PA66 plastics, 220 chemical structure, 214 coefficient of friction vs. load Toray Resin Company Amilan![:tm: ™](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/2122.png?v=2.2.7) CM3001N, 225 DuPont Engineering Plastics Zytel 101, Sonntag axial fatigue, 221, 222 fatigue crack propagation rate vs. stress intensity factor, 224 DuPont Engineering Plastics Zytel![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 122L, 223 fatigue data, 214 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure BASF Ultramid glass fiber, 218 DuPont Engineering Plastics Minlon![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) mineral, 216 DuPont Engineering Plastics Zytel![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 101, 221 DuPont Engineering Plastics Zytel![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) PA66 plastics, 220 SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP![:tm: ™](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/2122.png?v=2.2.7) Lubriloy FR-40, 215 SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP![:tm: ™](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/2122.png?v=2.2.7) Thermocomp carbon fiber, 217 SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP![:tm: ™](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/2122.png?v=2.2.7) Thermocomp glass fiber, 217 SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP![:tm: ™](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/2122.png?v=2.2.7) Verton long glass fiber, 219 PV diagram of unreinforced, standardgrade, 225 RTP 200 Series, wear resistance data of, 226, 227 Sonntag flex fatigue stress vs. cycles to failure for DuPont Engineering Plastics Minlon 23B1, 222 stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure BASF Ultramid , 215 tensile stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure BASF Ultramid A3WG7, 219 tribological properties of resins, 234 RTP Company RTP 200 AR 15 TFE 15 vs. 1018 C Steel, 233 RTP Company RTP 200 SI 2 vs. 1018 C Steel, 228 RTP Company RTP 200 SI 2 vs. RTP 200 SI 2, 228 RTP Company RTP 200 TFE 10 SI 2 vs. 1018 C Steel, 229 RTP Company RTP 200 TFE 18 SI 2 vs. 1018 C Steel, 230 RTP Company RTP 282 TFE 13 SI 2 vs. 1018 C Steel, 232 RTP Company RTP 285 TFE 13 SI 2 vs. 1018 C Steel, 233 RTP Company RTP 202 TFE 13 SI 2 vs. RTP 202 TFE 15, 231 RTP Company RTP 200 TFE 18 SI 2 vs. RTP 200 TFE 18 SI 2, 230 RTP Company RTP 202 TFE 13 SI 2 vs. RTP 202 TFE 13 SI 2, 231 RTP Company RTP 282 TFE 13 SI 2 vs. RTP 282 TFE 13 SI 2, 232 RTP Company RTP 200 TFE 20 vs. 1018 C Steel, 229 RTP Company RTP 202 TFE 15 vs. 1018 C Steel, 230 RTP Company RTP 205 TFE 15 vs. 1018 C Steel, 231 RTP Company RTP 282 TFE 15 vs. 1018 C Steel, 232 RTP Company RTP 200 TFE 5 vs. RTP 200 SI 2, 228 RTP Company RTP 200 TFE 10 vs. RTP 200 SI 2, 228 RTP Company RTP 200 TFE 10 vs. RTP 200 TFE 10, 229 RTP Company RTP 200 TFE 20 vs. RTP 200 TFE 20, 229 RTP Company RTP 202 TFE 15 vs. RTP 202 TFE 15, 230 RTP Company RTP 282 TFE 15 vs. RTP 282 TFE 15, 232 tribology data, 214 Nylon 610 (PA610), 215 characteristics, 215 chemical structure of, 248 fatigue data, 216 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure SABIC Innovative Plastics PA610 plastics, 248 tribological properties of RTP Company RTP 299B X 89491 A vs. 1018 C Steel, 248 tribology data, 216 Nylon 612 (PA612), 216 axial stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure DuPont Engineering Polymers Zytel![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 158, 249 chemical structure of, 248 fatigue data, 218 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure SABIC Innovative Plastics PA612 plastics, 249 taber abrasion of Evonik Vestamid PA 612 Resins, 249 RTP Company RTP 200D TFE 18 SI 2 vs. 1018 C Steel, 250 RTP Company RTP 200D TFE 18 SI 2 vs. RTP 200D TFE 18 SI 2, 251 RTP Company RTP 200D TFE 10 vs. 1018 C Steel, 250 RTP Company RTP 200D TFE 20 vs. 1018 C Steel, 250 RTP Company RTP 202D TFE 15 vs. 1018 C Steel, 251 RTP Company RTP 282D TFE 15 vs. 1018 C Steel, 251 RTP Company RTP 285D TFE 15 vs. 1018 C Steel, 252 RTP Company RTP 200D TFE 10 vs. RTP 200D TFE 10, 250 RTP Company RTP 200D TFE 20 vs. RTP 200D TFE 10, 250 RTP Company RTP 202D TFE 15 vs. RTP 202D TFE 15, 251 RTP Company RTP 282D TFE 15 vs. RTP 282D TFE 15, 252 RTP Company RTP 285D TFE 15 vs. RTP 285D TFE 15, 252 tribology data, 218 Nylon 666 or 66/6 (PA 666), 218 fatigue data, 219 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure EMS-Grivory Grivory GV-5H, 252 Nylons amino acids, chemical structures of, 200 diacids, chemical structures of, 200 diamines, chemical structures of, 199 generalized reaction, 199 high-molecular-weight polyamides, 199 monomers, 199 O Optical brightening agents (OBAs), 60 P PA6. See Nylon 6 (PA6) PA11. See Nylon 11 (PA11) PA12. See Nylon 12 (PA12) PA46. See Nylon 46 (PA46) PA66. See Nylon 66 (PA66) PA610. See Nylon 610 (PA610) PA612. See Nylon 612 (PA612) PAEK. See Polyaryl ether ketones (PAEK) PAIs. See Polyamide-imides (PAIs) PBI. See Polybenzimidazole (PBI) PBT. See Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) PC polyester. See Polycarbonate (PC) polyester PCTFE. See Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) PEI. See Polyetherimide (PEI) Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), 300 ball-and-stick three-dimensional representation, 307 chemical structure, 307 comonomers, 307 dynamic coefficient of friction vs. temperatureSubject Index 349 of DuPont Engineering Polymers Vespel CR-6100, 308 fatigue data, 302 flex life properties Solvay Solexis PFA Products, 309 MIT Flex Life Asahi Glass Fluon PFA resins, 308 MIT flex life vs. melt flow index, 308 three-dimensional representation of, 307 tribology data, 303 tribology properties DuPont Engineering Polymers Vespel CR-6100, 309 wear factor vs. temperature of DuPont Engineering Polymers Vespel CR-6100, 309 Perfluoropolyether (PFPE) synthetic oil, 41, 58 PES. See Polyethersulfone (PES) PET. See Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) PFA. See Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) Phenolic antioxidants, 60 Phosphite antioxidants, 60 PI. See Polyimide (PI) Pin-on-disk tribometer, 36 Plastic, component of, 45 Polarity, 47 dipole moments, 48 Polyacrylics, 270 fatigue crack propagation rate vs. temperature, 277 cycle frequency, 276 molecular weight, 276 fatigue data, 271 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure Lucite International Inc. Diakon![:tm: ™](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/2122.png?v=2.2.7) CMG302, 274 PMMA, structure of, 274 stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure Lucite International Inc. Diakon![:tm: ™](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/2122.png?v=2.2.7) CMG302, 275 tension/compression stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure, 275 Polyamide copolymers, 220 Polyamide-imides (PAIs), 171 chemical structures of, 182 fatigue data, 182 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure Solvay Torlon PAI plastics, 185, 186 lubricated wear resistance of Solvay Torlon 4301, 189 monomers, 171 polymer units of, 183, 184 Several Solvay Torlon PAI Plastics wear factor and coefficient of friction, 188 Solvay Torlon 4301, 189 tension/tension stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure Solvay Torlon 7130, 185 Solvay Torlon PAI plastics, 185 tribology data, 182 wear characteristics against metals Solvay Torlon 4301 PAI, 190 wear characteristics of Solvay Torlon![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) PAI Bearing Grades, 189 wear factor and coefficient of friction Lubricated Environment of Several Solvay Torlon PAI Resins, 189 wear resistance vs. pressure, 186 Solvay Torlon 4301, 188 Solvay Torlon PAI plastics, 187 Polyamide plastics. See Nylons Polyarylamide (PAA), 225 fatigue data, 233 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure Solvay Ixef 1022, 259 PAMXD6, chemical structure of, 259 tribological properties of Solvay Ixef PAA Plastics, 260 tribology data, 233 Polyaryl ether ketones (PAEK), 317 carbon fiber–reinforced Solvay KetaSpire PEEK resins, 320 coefficient of friction vs. PV factor Victrex WG PAEK resins, 327 comparative tribological data Victrex plc Victrex PEEK plastics, 323 counterface temperature vs. PV Victrex WG PAEK resins, 328 dynamic coefficient of friction vs. temperature Greene, Tweed & Co. Arlon 1260, 322 Victrex plc Victrex 450FC30, 322 Evonik Industries VESTAKEEP![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) Ultimate PEEK resin, 321 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure SABIC Innovative Plastics PEEK plastics, 319 friction coefficients and wear rates, 323 glass fiber–reinforced Solvay KetaSpire![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) PEEK, 321 polyetheretherketone, 317 fatigue data, 317 tribology data, 317 polymers, structures of, 318 Solvay KetaSpire PEEK resins, 320 stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure Victrex PEEK plastics, 319 tensile fatigue Solvay AvaSpire AV-621 GF30 BG20, 327 Solvay AvaSpire PAEK resins, 326 Unfilled Victrex PEK and PEKEKK Resins, 327 tribological properties RTP Company RTP 2200 AR 15 TFE 15 vs. 1018 C Steel, 325 RTP Company RTP 2200 LF TFE 15 vs. 1018 C Steel, 324 RTP Company RTP 2200 LF TFE 20 vs. 1018 C Steel, 324 RTP Company RTP 2205 TFE 15 vs. 1018 C Steel, 325 RTP Company RTP 2285 TFE 15 vs. 1018 C Steel, 326 RTP Company RTP 2299 X 57352 A vs. 1018 C Steel, 326 Victrex plc Victrex TL-60, 323 wear factor vs. PV Victrex WG PAEK resins, 328 wear factor vs. temperature Greene, Tweed & Co. Arlon 1260, 322 wear resistance data Plastic Against Steel (1018 C), 324 Polybenzimidazole (PBI), 336 coefficient of friction data of Celazole TL-60, 343 countersurface temperature data of Celazole TL-60, 343 friction and wear Celanese Fortron PPS on Steel, 340 structure of, 342 tribology data, 342 wear factor data Celazole TL-60 PBI, 343 Polybutadiene, 69 Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), 125, 135, 193 BASF Ultradur polybutylene terephthalate polyester friction vs. pressure, dynamic coefficient of, 149 wear rate vs. pressure, 149 Celanese Celanex grades, wear behavior of, 151 Celanese Celanex PBT plastics friction taber abrasion of coefficient, 152 chemical structure of, 142 Evonik Industries Vestodur 2000 sliding coefficient of friction vs. pressure, 150 fatigue data, 142 flexural fatigue strength, 144 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure Celanese Celanex 2300 GV/30, 143 DuPont Engineering Polymers Crastin PBT plastics, 144 of DuPont Engineering Polymers Crastin PBT plastics, 143 DuPont Engineering Polymers Crastin SK645FR, 144 SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP![:tm: ™](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/2122.png?v=2.2.7) Stat-Kon WC-4036, 145 SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP Thermocomp —fiber-reinforced PBT plastics, 145 several Celanese Celanex PBT plastics, 143 friction vs. pressure loading, dynamic coefficient of350 Subject Index Celanese Celanex 2500, 150 friction vs. sliding speed, dynamic coefficient of Celanese Celanex 2500, 150 kinetic friction, coefficient of, 151 Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics NOVADURAN PBT Resins flexural fatigue of, 148 PV limit value, 152 specific wear rate of, 151 performance properties, 135 stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure of DSM Arnite —unreinforced PBT, 142 tensile stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox , 146 SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 310, 145 SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 325, 148 SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 420, 146 SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 430, 147 SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 736, 147 SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 412E, 146 SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 732E, 147 SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) HV7075, 148 tribology data, 149 Polycarbonate (PC) polyester, 76, 125 chemical structure of, 125 monomers, 125 coefficient of friction vs. temperature SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 101R, 136 dynamic coefficient of friction vs. time, 136 fatigue crack propagation rate dependence on cyclic frequency and stress intensity factor, 133 on cyclic frequency and temperature, 133 fatigue data, 126 fatigue resistance, in compression molecular weight effect, 134 fatigue resistance, in flexure molecular weight effect, 134 fatigue resistance, in torsion molecular weight effect, 134 Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corporation Iupilon /Novarex![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) PC resin, PV values for, 137 RTP Company RTP 300 AR 10 TFE 10 vs. 1018 C Steel, 140 RTP Company RTP 300 AR 10 vs. 1018 C Steel, 140 RTP Company RTP 300 TFE 10 SI 2 vs. 1018 C Steel, 140 RTP Company RTP 300 TFE 5 vs. 1018 C Steel, 138 RTP Company RTP 300 TFE 10 vs. 1018 C Steel, 139 RTP Company RTP 300 TFE 15 vs. 1018 C Steel, 139 RTP Company RTP 300 TFE 20 vs. 1018 C Steel, 140 RTP Company RTP 302 TFE 15 vs. 1018 C Steel, 141 RTP Company RTP 305 TFE 15 vs. 1018 C Steel, 141 RTP Company RTP 382 TFE 15 vs. 1018 C Steel, 141 RTP Company RTP 385 TFE 15 vs. 1018 C Steel, 141 RTP Company RTP 300 TFE 5 vs. RTP 300 TFE 5, 139 RTP Company RTP 300 TFE 10 vs. RTP 300 TFE 10, 139 RTP Company RTP 300 TFE 15 vs. RTP 300 TFE 10, 139 RTP Company RTP 382 TFE 15 vs. RTP 382 TFE 15, 141 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan , 142 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan ML 6339R carbon particle long-term S–N data, 133 short-term S–N data, 133 samples, fatigue properties Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corporation Iupilon /Novarex![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) PC resin, 135 temperature influence on fatigue resistance Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corporation Iupilon /Novarex![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) PC resin, 135 tensile stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 101, 126 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 121, 126 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 141, 127 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 191, 127 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 500, 128 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 920, 128 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 925, 129 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 940, 129 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 945, 129 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 955, 130 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) EM1210, 130 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) EM2212, 130 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) EM3110, 131 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) HF1110, 131 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) HF1130, 131 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) HF1140, 132 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) LS1, 132 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) OQ1030, 132 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 143R, 127 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 915R, 128 tribology data, 135 wear rate vs. sliding distance, 136 wear resistance data determination by Thrust Washer Test Against 1018 C steel for RTP 300 Series, 138 by Thrust Washer Test Per ASTM D3702 for RTP 300 Series, 137 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), 303 chemical structure of, 309 fatigue crack growth, 310 fatigue data, 310 Polycyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate (PCT), 159 chemical structure, 159 fatigue cycles to failure vs. stress in tension for DR and EF series, 160 fatigue data, 159 tensile stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) fire-retardant PCT plastics, 160 Polydispersity, 52 Polyester plastics, 125 Polyether block amides (PEBA), 284 Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), 197 Polyetherimide (PEI), 171 amine reaction, with anhydride, 172 biphenol diamine PMDA polyetherimide, chemical structure of, 172 BPADA-DDS polyetherimide sulfone, chemical structure of, 172 BPADA monomer, chemical structure of, 173 BPADA-MPD polyetherimide, chemical structure of, 173 BPADA-PMDA-MPD copolyetherimide, chemical structure of, 173 BPADA-PPD polyetherimide, chemical structure of, 172 fatigue cycles to failure vs. stress SABIC Innovative Plastics reinforced LNP polyetherimide imide compounds, 174 Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) (cont.)Subject Index 351 fatigue data, 171 monomer, chemical structure of, 173 SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) polyetherimide compounds, 174 tensile stress amplitude vs. cycles SABIC Innovative Plastics PEI plastics, 179 SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem , 175, 176 SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 1000, 174 SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 1010, 175 SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 2100, 175 SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 2300, 176 SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 2400, 176 SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 3452, 177 SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) AR9000 series PEI plastics, 178 SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) CRS5000 series PEI plastics, 178 SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) series PEI plastics, 179 SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 4000 series PEI plastics, 177 SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 9000 series PEI plastics, 177 tribological properties RTP Company RTP 2100 AR 15 TFE 15 vs. 1018 C Steel, 181 RTP Company RTP 4205 TFE 15, 180 RTP Company RTP 4285 TFE 15, 180 RTP Company RTP 4299 X 64425 vs. 1018 C Steel, 181 RTP Company RTP 4299 X 71927 vs. 1018 C Steel, 180 several SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem Series PEI plastics, 181 tribology data, 171 Polyether plastics acetals-polyoxymethylene homopolymer, 87 fatigue data, 87 tribology data, 87 polyoxymethylene copolymer (POM-Co), 87 polyphenylene ether, 95 fatigue data, 111 polyphenylene oxide (PPO), 95 fatigue data, 111 Polyethersulfone (PES), 317 BASF Ultrason E 2010, Wohler diagram, 330 fatigue data, 320 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure BASF Ultrason E PES plastics, 330 SABIC Innovative Plastics Thermocomp PES plastics, 329 Solvay Advanced Polymers, 329 friction coefficient and wear intensity, 331 structure of, 328 taber abrasion loss vs. glass fiber content Solvay Radel A PES plastics, 331 tribology data, 320 for Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., 331 Polyethylene (PE), 45, 261 classifications of, 261 cycles to failure vs. deflection in flexure, 264 dynamic coefficient of friction vs. pressure of LyondellBasell Industries polyolefins Lupolen PE, 265 fatigue crack propagation (FCP) rate vs. stress intensity range in tension, 264 fatigue crack propagation vs. stress intensity factor, 265 fatigue cycles to failure vs. stress in flexure high-density polyethylene, 263 Ipiranga Petrochem Hostalen GM 501OT2, 263 fatigue data, 262 homopolymers, 263 impact copolymers, 264 jet abrasion volume vs. jet velocity of LyondellBasell Industries polyolefins Lupolen PE, 266 random copolymers, 264 tribology data, 262 wear rate vs. mean pressure by pin-on-disk of LyondellBasell Industries polyolefins Lupolen , 266 Polyethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene, 293 chemical structure of, 299 tribology data, 294 Polyethylene crystal structure, graphical diagram of, 262 Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), 45, 125, 149, 193 chemical structure of, 152 DuPont Engineering Polymers Rynite![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) PET Plastics, 155 fatigue data, 152 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure DuPont Engineering Polymers Rynite FR400 series flame-retardant, 155 tribology data, 152 Polyethylene tetrafluoroethylene, 296 Asahi Glass Fluon C-55AP/ C-55AXP ETFE resins dynamic friction coefficient vs. PV, 302 Asahi Glass Fluon C-55AP/C-55AXP ETFE resins wear constant vs. PV, 302 Asahi Glass Fluon C-88AP/C-88AXP ETFE resins dynamic friction coefficient vs. PV, 303 wear constant vs. PV, 303 Asahi Glass Fluon C-88AXMP ETFE resin dynamic friction coefficient vs. PV, 304 wear constant vs. PV, 304 chemical structure, 299 Chemours Tefzel HT-2004 frictional behavior of, 301 Glass Fiber–Reinforced ETFE Bearing Wear Rate, 305 static coefficient of friction, 304 fatigue data, 299 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure Chemours Tefzel ETFE plastics, 300 fiber-reinforced ETFE plastics, 300 MIT folding endurance, at room temperature, 301 tribology data, 299 Polyethylene types, graphical depictions of, 262 Polyformaldehyde, 87 Polyimide (PI), 182 chemical structure, 191 DuPont Engineering Polymers Vespel![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) PI plastics wear and friction properties, 195 dynamic coefficient of friction vs. temperature DuPont Engineering Polymers Vespel SP PI plastics, 192 fatigue data, 186 fatigue resistance vs. temperature to failure DuPont Engineering Polymers Vespel SP PI plastics, 191 lubricated friction test, 191, 192 maximum PV limits Unlubricated DuPont Engineering Polymers Vespel PI Plastics, 195 monomers, chemical structures of, 190 pressure vs. velocity limit DuPont Engineering Polymers Vespel SP21, 193 tribology data, 186 wear factor vs. roughness of unlubricated countermaterial hardness, 194 wear factor vs. unlubricated countermaterial hardness, 194 wear factor vs. velocity limit at DuPont Engineering Polymers Vespel SP PI plastics, 193 wear rate vs. PV, 194352 Subject Index Polyimide plastics, 171 Polyketones. See Polyaryl ether ketones (PAEK) Polyketones or polyaryl ether ketones (PAEK), 317 Polymerization, 45 addition, 45 chain initiation, 45 chain propagation, 45 chain termination, 45 condensation, 45, 46 Polymers, intramolecular attractions, 51 chain entanglement, 52 hydrogen bonding, 51 van der Waals forces, 52 Polymer’s molecular weight, 52 crystalline and amorphous regions, 54 crystalline vs. amorphous, 54 fatigue life heat treatment on, 55 of PTFE, 55 hypothetical molecular weight distribution plot, 52 polystyrene on fatigue life, 53 polyvinyl chloride on fatigue crack propagation, 54 thermosets vs. thermoplastics, 53 Polyolefins, 261 monomers, chemical structures of, 261 polymers, structures of, 262 Polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer (TPO), 287 tribological properties RTP Company RTP 2800-35A SI 2 vs. 1018 C Steel, 288 RTP Company RTP 2800-35A TFE 20 vs. 1018 C Steel, 288 RTP Company RTP 2800-60A TFE 20 vs. 1018 C Steel, 288 RTP Company RTP 2800-60A vs. 1018 C Steel, 288 tribological properties of RTP Company RTP 2800-40D TFE 20 vs. 1018 C Steel, 287 RTP Company RTP 2800-40D vs. 1018 C Steel, 287 tribology data, 287 Polyoxymethylene copolymer (POM-Co), 87 acetal copolymer, chemical structure of, 95 Celanese Hostaform Grades Wear and Dynamic Coefficient of Friction, 111 chemical structure of, 95 dynamic coefficient of friction vs. bearing pressure Celanese Celcon POM-Co, 101 dynamic coefficient of friction vs. bearing speed Celanese Celcon POM-Co, 102 fatigue data, 95 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure for BASF Ultraform POM-Co plastics, 99 Celanese Celcon POM-Co plastics, 96 for Celanese Hostaform C 9021 POM-Co plastics, 98 Hz for several Celanese Hostaform![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) POM-Co plastics, 97 fluctuating stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure for Celanese Hostaform C 9021, 96 Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corporation Iupital POM-Co Plastics coefficient of static friction, 106 Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corporation Iupital POM-Co plastics, 105 coefficient of kinetic friction and surface pressure, 104 coefficient of kinetic friction and velocity, 104 specific wear volume vs. velocity, 106 Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corporation Iupital POM-Co Plastics coefficient of static friction specific wear volume, 107 radial wear vs. load on unlubricated journal Celanese Celcon POM-Co, 101 RTP Company ESD 800 Static Dissipative vs. 1018 C Steel tribological properties of, 107 RTP Company RTP 800 Base Resin vs. 1018 C Steel tribological properties of, 107 RTP Company RTP 800 SI 2 vs. 1018 C Steel tribological properties of, 107 RTP Company RTP 800 TFE 10 SI 2 wear resistance data of, 111 RTP Company RTP 800 TFE 5 vs. 1018 C Steel tribological properties of, 108 RTP Company RTP 800 TFE 10 vs. 1018 C Steel tribological properties of, 108 RTP 800 Series Acetal (POM) Compounds wear resistance data of, 108, 110 sliding friction coefficient vs. roughness sliding steel disk, 103 sliding steel disk wear rate vs. roughness, 103 tensile fatigue strength vs. cycles to failure Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corporation Iupital POM-Co plastics, 100 tensile stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure for Celanese Hostaform C 9021, 97 torsional stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure for Celanese Hostaform C 9021, 98, 99 tribology data, 95 unlubricated Celanese Celcon![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) POM-Co, PV curve, 102 Unlubricated Standard Celanese Celcon Acetal Copolymer Against Other Materials dynamic coefficient of friction, 106 Polyphenylene ether (PPE), 76, 95 fatigue data, 111 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP![:tm: ™](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/2122.png?v=2.2.7) Thermocomp ZF-1006, 112 polyphenylene oxides chemical structure of, 111 tensile stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 731, 116 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) EM6101, 117 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) EM7100, 118 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) EM6100F, 117 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) EM7304F, 118 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) FN150X, 119 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) FN215X, 119 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) GFN1, 120 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) GFN2, 120 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) GFN3, 121 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) GTX954, 112 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) HH195—PPE/PS plastic, 116 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) HS1000X, 121 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) HS2000X, 122 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) IGN320, 122 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) PPX615, 113 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) PPX630, 113 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) PPX640, 114 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) PPX7110, 114 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) PPX7112, 115Subject Index 353 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) PPX7115, 115 Polyphenylene oxide (PPO), 95 fatigue data, 111 Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) coefficient of abrasion vs. PV value Toray Resin Company Torelina A504 plastics, 338 coefficient of friction Solvay Advanced Polymers Ryton![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) R-4, 340 fatigue data, 330 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure Celanese Fortron PPS plastics, 332 SABIC Innovative Plastics Supec![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) G401, 335 SABIC Innovative Plastics Supec![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) G620, 336 friction and wear Celanese Fortron PPS on Steel, 340 high-molecular-weight (HMW) linear, 325 stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure Toray Resin Company Torelina PPS plastics, 336, 337 structure of, 332 taber abrasion of Solvay Advanced Polymers Ryton![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) Plastics, 340 tensile fatigue S – N curve Celanese Fortron 1140A1, 333 Celanese Fortron 6165A4, 334 tensile strength retained vs. cycles to failure Solvay Advanced Polymers Ryton![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) A-200 PPS, 334 Solvay Advanced Polymers Ryton![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) R-4, 335 Solvay Advanced Polymers Ryton![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) R-7, 335 Solvay Advanced Polymers Ryton![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) R-4 02XT, 334 tensile stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure Celanese Fortron PPS plastics, 332, 333 tribology data, 330 tribology properties of Toray Resin Company Torelina PPS Resins, 338 wear resistance data determination Thrust Washer Test Per ASTM D3702 of RTP 1300 Series, 340 Polyphthalamide (PPA), 224 chemical structures of blocks, 255 fatigue data, 224 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure EMS-Grivory Grivory , 257 EMS-Grivory Grivory fiberreinforced PAA, 256 EMS-Grivory Grivory HTV-5H1, 257 EMS-Grivory Grivory HTV-6H1, 258 SABIC Innovative Plastics PPA plastics, 258 Solvay Amodel A-1145 HS, 255 Solvay Amodel glass fiber, 256 high-performance polyamide, 223 tribology data, 225 wear resistance data Thrust Washer Test Per ASTM D3702 Against Steel (1018 C), 259 Polyphthalate carbonate (PPC) polyester, 159 chemical structure of, 160 fatigue data, 161 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure, 162 DuPont Engineering Polymers Crastin injection molding PBT/ ASA alloy plastics, 162 tensile stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure glass fiber–reinforced SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox PET/ PBT alloy plastics, 169 SABIC Innovative Plastics Enduran![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) PET/PBT alloy plastics, 168 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 4501, 161 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 4704, 162 SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 4701R, 161 SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 368, 163 SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 508, 163 SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 3706, 164 SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) PET/PBT alloy plastics, 168 SABIC Innovative Plastics Xenoy , 166 SABIC Innovative Plastics Xenoy![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 1102, 164 SABIC Innovative Plastics Xenoy![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 1103, 165 SABIC Innovative Plastics Xenoy![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 5770, 167 SABIC Innovative Plastics Xenoy![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 1402B, 165 SABIC Innovative Plastics Xenoy![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 1403B, 165 SABIC Innovative Plastics Xenoy![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) CL101, 162 SABIC Innovative Plastics Xenoy![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 1760E, 166 SABIC Innovative Plastics Xenoy![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) K4630, 164 SABIC Innovative Plastics Xenoy![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) PET/PC alloy plastics, 169 SABIC Innovative Plastics Xenoy![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) X5300WX, 168 SABIC Innovative Plastics Xenoy 52xx series PBT/PC alloys, 166 SABIC Innovative Plastics Xenoy![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) 5xxx series PBT/PC alloys, 167 Polypropylene applications, 266 fatigue data, 266 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure Celanese Celstran glass fiber, 268 LyondellBasell Industries polyolefins Hostacom PP plastics, 267 SABIC Innovative Plastics Thermocomp MF-1006, 267 SABIC Innovative Plastics Verton , 268 homopolymers, 263 impact copolymers, 264 manufacturers/trade names, 265 maximum strain vs. life for different frequencies, 269 maximum stress vs. life for different frequencies, 269 random copolymers, 264 types of, 263 Polystyrene (PS), 65 Polysulfone (PSU), 330 BASF Ultrason S PSU Plastics friction coefficient and wear intensity, 342 fatigue crack propagation rate vs. temperature, 342 fatigue data, 333 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure BASF Ultrason PSU plastics, 341 SABIC Innovative Plastics Thermocomp PSU plastics, 341 structure of, 341 tribology data, 333 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 27, 54, 157 ball-and-stick three-dimensional representation, 293 chemical structure of, 292 Chemours Teflon PTFE dynamic coefficient of friction vs. sliding speed, 297 Chemours Teflon PTFE Filled Compounds PV and wear performance, 298 coefficient of friction vs. load, 298 Daikin PTFE wear rate vs. bronze content, 297 wear rate vs. glass content, 296 dynamic coefficient of friction Various Fluon Grades, 298 dynamic coefficient of friction vs. temperature, 295 fatigue data, 293 fatigue life of crystallinity levels, 295 fatigue testing, 10354 Subject Index flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure, 293, 294 fluoroplastics, melting point ranges of, 292 homopolymer, 291 MIT Folding Endurance Test Daikin Modified PTFE and Standard PTFE Compounds, 295 monomers, structures of, 292 polymer, 291 temperature rise vs. fatigue cycles, 294 three-dimensional representation, 292 tribology data, 293 wear factor vs. temperature of generic PTFE, 296 Polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG), 284 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 45, 72 Polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), 311 DuPont Tedlar PVF film, exposure to steam, 313 DuPont Tedlar PVF films, flex life, 314 fatigue crack propagation (FCP) rate vs. stress intensity, 314 fatigue data, 313 structure of, 313 Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), 310 Arkema Kynar and Kynar Flex PVDF Fluoropolymers taber abrasion properties of, 312 tribology properties of, 313 chemical structure of, 310 fatigue crack propagation vs. stress intensity factor, 312 fatigue data, 310 tensile stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure Solvay Solexis Solef 1010, 311 Solvay Solexis Solef PVDF, 311 tribology data, 310 POM-Co. See Polyoxymethylene copolymer (POM-Co) PPC polyester. See Polyphthalate carbonate (PPC) polyester PPS. See Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) PS. See Polystyrene (PS) PSU. See Polysulfone (PSU) PVDF. See Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) PVF. See Polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) R Random copolymers, 264 Rigid polyvinyl chloride, 268 fatigue crack propagation polyvinyl chloride, molecular weight of, 273 fatigue crack propagation rate vs. stress intensity factor, 273, 274 fatigue cycles to failure vs. stress in tension, 273 fatigue data, 270 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure PolyOne Corporation Geon![:tm: ™](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/2122.png?v=2.2.7) Fiberloc PVC plastics, 272 Rolling contact wear, 31 S SABIC Innovative Plastics Enduran, 142 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl , 111 Sliding wear processes abrasive wear, 30 adhesive wear, 30 fretting wear, 30 surface fatigue wear, 30 Solar cells, 312 Solvay Solexis Hyflon MFA, 302 Standard Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil Test, 39 Stereoisomerism, 50 Steric hindrance, 49 Stress intensity factor range, 22 Stress, types of, 1 flexural/bending, 2–3 illustration of, 2 hoop, 3–4 illustration of, 3 instron universal testing machine three-point flexural/bending test, 3 shear, 1 illustration of, 1 sheet fatigue-testing specimens illustration of, 4 tensile/compressive, 1 illustration of, 1 torsional, 2 illustration of, 2 rods/beams, constants, 2 Styrene, 65 Styrene acrylonitrile, 68 fatigue data, 68 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure, 68 tensile stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure for SABIC Innovative Plastics Geloy![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) CR7010, 69 for SABIC Innovative Plastics Geloy![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) CR7510, 70 for SABIC Innovative Plastics Geloy![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) CR7520, 70 for SABIC Innovative Plastics Geloy![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) CR7020 ASA, 69 Styrene maleic anhydride (SMA), 84 production of, 84 Styrenic blends, 76 fatigue data, 77 tensile stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac FR15—flame-retardant ABS, 77 for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac FR23—flame-retardant ABS, 77 for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac KJB—medium-impact ABS, 78 for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac LDA—ABS, 78 tribology data, 78 Styrenic block copolymer (SBC), 84 “microscopic” structure of, 84 Styrenic block copolymer (SBS), 289 Styrenic plastics, 78 acrylonitrile–styrene–acrylate (ASA), 65 fatigue data, for ASA plastics, 67 flexural stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure, 67 high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure, 66 vs. number of fatigue cycles, 66 high-impact polystyrene, structure of, 66 methacrylate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (MABS) copolymer, 78 polystyrene effect of molecular weight, 67 polystyrene (PS), 65 fatigue data, 65 polystyrene, fatigue crack propagation rates, 68 styrene maleic anhydride (SMA), 81 production of, 84 properties of, 81 styrenic block copolymer (SBC), 84 “microscopic” structure of, 84 Taber Abrasion SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycoloy PC ABS Plastics, 83 tensile stress amplitude vs. cycles to failure for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac MG47, 79 for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac MGABS01 ABS, 80 for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac MG38F, 79 for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac MGX53GP, 80 for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac X11, 80 for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac X37, 81 for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycoloy C1100, 81 for SABIC Innovative Plastics Geloy![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) XP4025, 82 for SABIC Innovative Plastics Geloy![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) XP4034, 83 for SABIC Innovative Plastics Geloy![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) XP4020R, 82 Syndiotactic polypropene, 51 T Taber Shear/Scratch Tester, 41 Terephthalic acid (TPA), 223 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (cont.)Subject Index 355 Thermoplastic copolyester elastomers (TPE-E/COPE), 280 coefficient of friction DuPont Hytrel Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers, 285 DuPont Hytrel TPE-E or COPE, 282 taber abrasion of Riteflex thermoplastic polyester elastomers, 286 Ticona Riteflex thermoplastic copolyester elastomers, molecular structure of, 283 tribology data, 284 Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), 279 molded/extruded on standard plasticsprocessing, 279 physical and chemical properties, 279 polyurethane, 279 styrenic block copolymer (SBS), 289 thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), 279 aromatic and aliphatic varieties, 280 molecular structure of, 279 polycaprolactone, 280 polyester, 279 polyester-based, 280 polyether, 280 polyether-based, 280 tribology data, 280 vulcanized elastomeric alloys (EA), 289 Thermoplastic polyesters, 125 Thermoplastic polyether block amide elastomers, 284 DeMattia flexural fatigue, 286 fatigue data, 286 taber abrasion of Arkema Pebax Polyether Block Amide Elastomers, 286 Evonik Industries Vestamid![:registered: ®](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/emojione/assets/png/00ae.png?v=2.2.7) E Polyether Block Amide Elastomers, 287 tribology data, 286 Thermoplastic polyimide (TPI), 186 Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), 279 abrasion loss of BASF Elastollan , 282 abrasion loss of BASF Elastollan B grades polyether-polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers, 281 abrasion loss of BASF Elastollan C grades polyether-polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers, 281 abrasion loss of BASF Elastollan 500 grades polyether-polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers, 282 abrasion loss of BASF Elastollan 1100 grades polyether-polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers, 281 abrasion loss of BASF Elastollan 600 grades polyether-polyurethane transparent thermoplastic elastomers, 282 aromatic and aliphatic varieties, 280 elastoblend special grades polyetherpolyurethane thermoplastic elastomers, 282 molecular structure of, 279 polycaprolactone, 280 polyester-based, 279, 280 polyether-based, 280 tribology data, 280 tribology properties of Covestro Texin , 283 desmopan TPU thermoplastic elastomers, 283 Thermoplastic UHMWPE, 266 Thrust washer test, 36 Ticona Riteflex thermoplastic copolyester elastomers, molecular structure of, 283 Tortuous path effect, 61 Total true strain, 17 TPE-E/COPE. See Thermoplastic copolyester elastomers (TPE-E/COPE) TPU. See Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) Trade names, 329 Tribology testing, 34 erosion tests, 38 falling abrasive/erosion test, 38 slurry erosion tests, 38 falling abrasive abrasion/erosion tester, 39 hardness pencil holder, 40 hardness testing, 39 laboratory hardness measures, 40 pencil hardness test, 39 shore/rockwell hardness, 40 linear reciprocating abrasion testing, 36 load frame, 35 pin-on-disk abrasion testing, 36, 37 pin-on-disk wear track, 37 reciprocating tribometer equipment, 38 shore hardness instrument, 40 standard tribology tests, 41 static coefficient of friction, 35 taber abraser, 37, 38 taber shear/scratch tester, 41 testing for friction, 34–35 thrust washer, 35 test equipment, 36 wear/abrasion tests, 35 thrust washer abrasion testing, 35–36 U Ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene, 266 dynamic coefficient of friction vs. pressure at velocity Celanese GUR UHMWPE, 270 dynamic coefficient of friction vs. sliding speed Celanese GUR UHMWPE, 271 fatigue crack propagation vs. stress intensity factor UHMWPE plastics, 270 fatigue data, 267 permissible unlubricated bearing load vs. sliding speed Celanese GUR UHMWPE, 271 PV load limit vs. sliding speed Celanese GUR UHMWPE, 272 tribology data, 268 Ultralow-density polyethylene (ULDPE), 261 Unsaturation, 48 polymer polarities, qualitative ranking of, 48 polymer structures, 49 V Very-low-density polyethylene (VLDPE), 261 Vespel products, 32 Vinyl benzene, 65 Vinylidene fluoride, 310 Von Mises equivalent stress formula, 4 Vulcanized elastomeric alloys (EA), 289 W Water pump impellers, 111 Wear, 29 classification of, 29 processes, 30 transition temperature, 32 Wear-resistant additives, 41 aromatic polyamide fiber, 43 ASTM/ISO tribology-related standards, 42 carbon fibers, 43 glass fiber reinforcement, 43 glass fibers, 43 graphite’s unique chemical lattice structure, 41 MoS 2, 41 perfluoropolyether (PFPE) synthetic oil, 41 PTFE, 41 silicone/polysiloxane fluid, 41 silicone resin, 43 X XPS. See Extruded polystyrene (XPS) Y Young’s modulus, 17
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