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 |  موضوع: كتاب Introduction to Health and Safety at Work - Second Edition الإثنين 20 نوفمبر 2023, 6:45 am | |
| 
أخواني في الله
أحضرت لكم كتاب
Introduction to Health and Safety at Work
Second edition
The Handbook for the NEBOSH National
General Certificate
Phil Hughes MBE, MSc, FIOSH, RSP, Chairman NEBOSH 1995–2001
Ed Ferrett PhD, BSc, (Hons Eng), CEng, MIMechE, MlEE,
MI0SH, Deputy Chairman NEBOSH
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents
PREFACE xi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiii
ABOUT THE AUTHORS xv
LIST OF PRINCIPAL ABBREVIATIONS xvi
ILLUSTRATIONS CREDITS xvii
1 HEALTH AND SAFETY FOUNDATIONS 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Some basic definitions 1
1.3 The legal framework for health and safety 3
1.4 The legal system in England and Wales 4
1.5 The legal system in Scotland 5
1.6 European Courts 5
1.7 Sources of law (England and Wales) 5
1.8 Common law torts and duties 6
1.9 Levels of statutory liability 7
1.10 The influence of the European Union (EU) on health and safety 8
1.11 The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 9
1.12 The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 13
1.13 Role and function of external agencies 13
1.14 Moral, legal and financial arguments for health and safety management 14
1.15 The framework for health and safety management 17
1.16 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 1 19
2 POLICY 21
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 Legal requirements 21
2.3 Key elements of a health and safety policy 22
2.4 Review of health and safety policy 23
2.5 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 2 24
Appendix 2.1 – Health and Safety Policy checklist 25
3 ORGANIZING FOR HEALTH AND SAFETY 27
3.1 Introduction 27
3.2 Control 27
3.3 Employers’ responsibilities 28
3.4 Employees’ responsibilities 28
3.5 Organizational health and safety responsibilities 28
3.6 Role and functions of health and safety and other advisers 29
3.7 Persons in control of premises 31
3.8 Self-employed 32
v3.9 The supply chain 32
3.10 Contractors 34
3.11 Joint occupation of premises 37
3.12 Cooperation with the workforce 37
3.13 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 3 39
Appendix 3.1 – Typical organizational responsibilities 39
4 PROMOTING A POSITIVE HEALTH AND SAFETY CULTURE 43
4.1 Introduction 43
4.2 Definition of a health and safety culture 43
4.3 Safety culture and safety performance 44
4.4 Human factors and their influence on safety performance 45
4.5 Human errors and violations 50
4.6 The development of a positive health and safety culture 52
4.7 Effective communication 54
4.8 Health and safety training 54
4.9 Internal influences 56
4.10 External influences 57
4.11 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 4 59
5 RISK ASSESSMENT 61
5.1 Introduction 61
5.2 Legal aspects of risk assessment 61
5.3 Forms of risk assessment 62
5.4 Some definitions 62
5.5 The objectives of risk assessment 63
5.6 Accident categories 64
5.7 Health risks 64
5.8 The management of risk assessment 64
5.9 The risk assessment process 65
5.10 Risk control measures 66
5.11 Hierarchy of risk control 66
5.12 Prioritization of risk control 67
5.13 Record of risk assessment findings 67
5.14 Monitoring and review 67
5.15 Special cases 67
5.16 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 5 69
Appendix 5.1 – Hazard checklist 69
Appendix 5.2 – Example of a risk assessment record 70
6 PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL 73
6.1 Introduction 73
6.2 Principles of prevention 73
6.3 Hierarchy of risk control 74
6.4 Controlling health risks 77
6.5 Safe systems of work 79
6.6 Lone workers 82
6.7 Permits to work 82
6.8 Emergency procedures 85
6.9 First aid at work 87
6.10 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 6 89
Contents
viAppendix 6.1 – Fire notice 90
Appendix 6.2 – Job safety analysis form 91
Appendix 6.3 – Essential elements of a permit-to-work form 92
7 MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE AND VEHICLES – HAZARDS AND CONTROL 93
7.1 Introduction 93
7.2 Hazards to pedestrians 93
7.3 Control strategies for pedestrian hazards 95
7.4 Hazards in vehicle operations 98
7.5 Control strategies for safe vehicle operations 99
7.6 The management of vehicle movements 100
7.7 Managing occupational road safety 100
7.8 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 7 104
8 MANUAL AND MECHANICAL HANDLING HAZARDS AND CONTROL 107
8.1 Introduction 107
8.2 Manual handling hazards and injuries 107
8.3 Manual handling risk assessments 108
8.4 Types of mechanical handling and lifting equipment 112
8.5 Requirements for the statutory examination of lifting equipment 117
8.6 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 8 118
Appendix 8.1– Manual handling of load assessment checklist 119
9 WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL 123
9.1 Introduction 123
9.2 Suitability of work equipment and CE marking 123
9.3 Use and maintenance of equipment with specific risks 125
9.4 Information, instruction and training 125
9.5 Maintenance and inspection 126
9.6 Operation and working environment 127
9.7 User responsibilities 128
9.8 Hand-held tools 128
9.9 Mechanical machinery hazards 130
9.10 Mobile work equipment 132
9.11 Non-mechanical machinery hazards 135
9.12 Examples of machinery hazards 135
9.13 Practical safeguards 137
9.14 Other safety devices 139
9.15 Application of safeguards to the range of machines 141
9.16 Guard construction 145
9.17 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 9 146
10 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS AND CONTROL 149
10.1 Introduction 149
10.2 Principles of electricity and some definitions 149
10.3 Electrical hazards and injuries 151
10.4 General control measures for electrical hazards 156
10.5 The selection and suitability of equipment 157
10.6 Inspection and maintenance strategies 159
10.7 Portable electrical appliances testing 160
10.8 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 10 162
Contents
vii11 FIRE HAZARDS AND CONTROL 165
11.1 Introduction 165
11.2 The draft Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order (RRFSO) – Requirements 166
11.3 Basic principles of fire 168
11.4 Methods of extinction 170
11.5 Classification of fire 170
11.6 Principles of heat transmission and fire spread 170
11.7 Common causes of fire and consequences 172
11.8 Fire risk assessment 173
11.9 Fire detection and warning 177
11.10 Means of escape in case of fire 178
11.11 Principles of fire protection in buildings 180
11.12 Provision of fire-fighting equipment 182
11.13 Maintenance and testing of fire-fighting equipment 182
11.14 Planning for an emergency and training staff 183
11.15 Fire procedures and people with a disability 183
11.16 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 11 184
12 CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL HEALTH HAZARDS AND CONTROL 185
12.1 Introduction 185
12.2 Forms of chemical agent 185
12.3 Forms of biological agent 186
12.4 Classification of hazardous substances and their associated health risks 186
12.5 Routes of entry to the human body 188
12.6 Health hazards of specific agents 190
12.7 Requirements of the COSHH Regulations 193
12.8 Details of a COSHH assessment 194
12.9 The control measures required under the COSHH Regulations 197
12.10 Health surveillance and personal hygiene 204
12.11 Maintenance and emergency controls 204
12.12 Environmental considerations 204
12.13 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 12 206
13 PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH HAZARDS AND CONTROL 209
13.1 Introduction 209
13.2 Task and workstation design 209
13.3 Welfare and work environment issues 214
13.4 Noise 216
13.5 Heat and radiation hazards 221
13.6 The causes and prevention of workplace stress 224
13.7 Causes and prevention of workplace violence 225
13.8 The effects of alcohol and drugs 228
13.9 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 13 230
14 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES – HAZARDS AND CONTROL 233
14.1 Introduction 233
14.2 The scope of construction 233
14.3 Construction hazards and controls 234
14.4 The management of construction activities 239
14.5 Working above ground level or where there is a risk of falling 242
14.6 Excavations 247
14.7 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 14 249
Appendix 14.1 – Inspection report 250
Contents
viii15 INCIDENT INVESTIGATION, RECORDING AND REPORTING 253
15.1 Introduction 253
15.2 Reasons for incident/accident investigation 254
15.3 Which incidents/accidents should be investigated? 255
15.4 Investigations and causes of incidents 256
15.5 Legal recording and reporting requirements 259
15.6 Internal systems for collecting and analysing incident data 260
15.7 Compensation and insurance issues 261
15.8 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 15 262
Appendix 15.1 – Injury report form 263
Appendix 15.2 – Information for insurance/compensation claims 265
16 MONITORING, REVIEW AND AUDIT 267
16.1 Introduction 267
16.2 The traditional approach to measuring health and safety performance 267
16.3 Why measure performance? 268
16.4 What to measure 269
16.5 Measuring failure – reactive monitoring 270
16.6 Proactive monitoring – how to measure performance 270
16.7 Who should monitor performance? 272
16.8 Frequency of monitoring and inspections 272
16.9 Report writing 273
16.10 Review and audit 274
16.11 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 16 277
Appendix 16.1 Workplace inspection exercises 277
Appendix 16.2 – Basic checklist of items to be covered in an area inspection 279
17 SUMMARY OF THE MAIN LEGAL REQUIREMENTS 281
17.1 Introduction 281
17.2 The legal framework 281
17.3 List of Acts, Order and Regulations summarized 282
17.4 Health and Safety at Work etc. Act (HSW Act) 1974 283
17.5 Environmental Protection Act 1990 286
17.6 Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2002 291
17.7 Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 294
17.8 Construction (Design and Management) (CDM) Regulations 1994 and
Amendment Regulations 2000 296
17.9 Construction (Head Protection) Regulations 1989 300
17.10 Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) (CHSW) Regulations 1996 301
17.11 Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996 303
17.12 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH)
2002 and 2005 Amendment 304
17.13 Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations (DSEAR) 2002 308
17.14 Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992 311
17.15 Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 313
17.16 Employers’ Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969 and Regulations 1998 316
17.17 Draft Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 317
17.18 Health and Safety (First aid) Regulations 1981 325
17.19 Health and Safety (Information for Employees) Regulations 1989 325
17.20 Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999 325
17.21 Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 as amended in 2002 327
17.22 Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
as amended in 2003 331
Contents
ix17.23 Manual Handling Operations Regulations (MHO) 1992 as amended in 2002 333
17.24 Noise at Work Regulations 1989 336
17.25 Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 as amended in 2002 338
17.26 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (except part IV)
as amended in 2002 341
17.27 The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 346
17.28 Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Regulations 1977 348
17.29 Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996 349
17.30 Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992 352
17.31 Draft Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 355
17.32 Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 as amended in 2002 358
17.33 Work at Height Regulations 2005 360
17.34 Other relevant Regulations in brief 364
18 INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS OF HEALTH AND SAFETY 367
18.1 Introduction 367
18.2 Major occupational health and safety management systems 369
18.3 Other key characteristics of a health and safety management system 374
18.4 The role of the regulatory authorities 377
18.5 The benefits and problems associated with occupational health and
safety management systems 378
18.6 Conclusions on the three health and safety management systems 379
18.7 Other minor additions to the International General Certificate 379
18.8 Practice NEBOSH questions for the International General Certificate 380
19 STUDY SKILLS
19.1 Introduction 383
19.2 Finding a place to study 383
19.3 Planning for study 383
19.4 Blocked thinking 384
19.5 Taking notes 384
19.6 Reading for study 384
19.7 Organizing for Revision 384
19.8 Organizing information 385
19.9 How does memory work? 386
19.10 How to deal with exams 387
19.11 The examiners’ reports 388
19.12 Conclusion 389
19.13 References 389
INDEX 391
Contents
Index
Abrasion hazards 131–2
Absolute liability 7–8
Access control 227–8
Access equipment height working
242–7
Accident books 259
Accidents 2
see also incidents
categories 64
costs 17
definition 63
incident rate 44–55
investigations 253–5
rates 15–16
Accommodation, clothing 215
ACOP see Approved Code of Practice
Action, incidents/accidents investigations
255
Acts, summary 282–3
Advantages, portable electrical
appliance testing 161
Advisers, health and safety 29–30
Agricultural machines, safeguards
142–3
Air pollution 205
Air receivers, examination 127
Alarms, security equipment 228
Alcohol:
abuse investigation 229–30
effects 228–30
Alpha particles 221
Ammonia 191
Appointed persons, first-aid 88–9
Approved Code of Practice (ACOP)
10–11
Arcing electric 154
Area inspection checklist 279–80
Asbestos 192
Asbestos (Licensing) Regulations 1983
(amended 1998) 364
Assembly and roll call, emergencies
86–7
Assessments:
see also risk assessments
exposure 78–9
health surveillance 78–9
safe systems of work 80
Audit:
health and safety management
system 376–7
performance 274–7
Basic elements, management systems
369–70
BATNEEC see Best Available Techniques
not Entailing Excessive Cost
Benchmark standard, auditing 276
Benefits, incidents/accidents
investigations 254–5
Best Available Techniques not Entailing
Excessive Cost 287
Best Practicable Environmental Option 287
Best practice guidance 11
Beta particles 221–2
Biological agents 186
Biological health hazards 185–208
Boiler examinations 127
BPEO see Best Practicable
Environmental Option
Breathing apparatus 201–3
Brush cutter/strimmer hazards 136
Building, fire protection 180–2
Burns 151–2
Buying equipment 33–4
Carbon dioxide 191
Carbon monoxide 191
Cardiovascular system 189–90
Carrying employees, mobile work
equipment 133–4
Case law see civil law; common law;
criminal law; Regulations
CDM see Construction Design and
Management
CDM Regulations, definition 239
CE markings 123–4
Cement mixer safeguards 144
Cement/concrete mixer hazards 136
Certificate of conformity 124
Changing facilities 215
Checklist:
area inspection 279–80
hazards 69
Health and Safety Policy 25–6
manual handling of load assessment
119–21
organization 25
plant 25–6
policy 25
scaffolding faults 252
Chemical Agents, types 185–6
Chemical health hazards 185–208
Chemicals (Hazard Information and
Packaging for Supply) Regulations
2002 33, 291–4
Chlorine 191
CHSW see Construction (Health Safety and
Welfare) (CHSW) Regulations 1996
Circular saw hazards 136
Civil law 3–4, 5
Closed circuit television 228
Codes of Practice, ACOP 10–11
Collisions:
pedestrians and flying objects 96
pedestrians and moving vehicles 94, 96
pedestrians and stationary objects 96–7
Colour codes, safety signs 350–2
Commercial stakeholders 59
Commitment, management 52, 56
Common law 5–7
torts and duties 6–7
Communication:
effective 54, 57
lines 27
safe systems of work 81–2
Company car driver rules 104
Comparison with relevant standards,
incident investigation 258
Compensation:
accidents/incidents 261–2
claims 265–6
Competence definition 53–4
Competent persons 29–30
Conduction of heat 170–1
Confined spaces 84
Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 294–6
Conformity certificates 124
Construction activities:
hazards and control 234–52
management 239–42
Construction (Design and Management)
(CDM) Regulations 1994/2000 35,
233, 296–300
Construction guards 145–6
Construction (Head Protection) Regulations
1989 233, 300
Construction (Health Safety and Welfare)
(CHSW) Regulations 1996 233, 301–4
Construction industry scope 233–4
Continual improvement systems 377
Contractors 34–7
authorization 36
rules observance 36–7
391[Contractors]
safety rules 36
selection and control 35, 241–2
Control:
see also risk control
biological health hazards 185–208
chemical health hazards 185–208
construction activities 233–52
contractors 241–2
COSHH measures 197–206
electrical hazards 149–63
excavations 248
fire hazards 165–84
health risks 77–9
manual handling hazards 107–21
mechanical handling hazards 107–21
organization 27
physical health hazards 209–31
psychological health hazards 209–31
risks 66
work equipment 123–48
working above ground level 242
Control of asbestos at work Regulations
2002 364
Control hierarchy, COSHH Regulations 78
Control of Lead at Work Regulations 2002
365
Control measures for electrical hazards
156–7
Control of Pesticides Regulations
1986 366
Control of risks 73–92
Control strategies, vehicle operation
99–100
Control of Substances Hazardous to
Health Regulations (COSHH)
2002/2005 33, 304–8
assessments 194–7
requirements 193–4
role 187
Control of Substances Hazardous to
Health Regulations (COSHH)
control hierarchy 78
control measures 197–206
principles of good practice 306
Control of Vibration at Work Regulations
2005 355–8
Convection of heat 170
Conveyors 112–14
Cooperation, workforce 37–9
COSHH see Control of Substances
Hazardous to Health
Regulations
Courts 4–5
Cranes 116–17
Criminal law 4
Crushing hazards 131–2
Culture:
development 52–4
effective communication 54
promotion of positive health and
safety 43–60
Customer information 33
Cutting hazards 131–2
Cylinder mower 136
Dangerous occurrence definition 2, 63
Dangerous substances:
fire hazards 176–7
packaging 292
risk assessment regulations 319
Dangerous Substances and Explosive
Atmospheres Regulations (DSEAR)
2002 308–11
Definitions, basic 1–3, 63
Demolition hazards and control 236–7
Development, safe systems 80–1
Direct burning, fire spread 171
Directors responsibilities 28–9
Disabled people, fire procedures 183–4
Disease rates 16
Display screen equipment (DSE) 213–14
Display Screen Equipment Regulations
1992 311–13
Document shredders:
machinery hazards 135
safeguards 141
Documentation, safe systems of work 81
Doors, means of escape from fire 178
Drawing-in hazards 131–2
Drinking water 215
Drivers:
distance 104
ergonomic considerations 103
fitness and health 103
risk evaluation 102–4
route planning 103
safety equipment 103
scheduling 103
suitability of vehicle 103
time 103–4
training 102–3
vehicle condition 103
weather conditions 104
Drowning prevention 237
Drug abuse investigation 229–30
Drug effects 228–30
DSE see Display screen equipment
DSEAR see Dangerous Substances
and Explosive Atmospheres
Regulations 2002
Duties:
see also responsibilities
common law 6–7
Duty of care 7
Duty holders, responsibilities 239–40
Earmuffs 220
Earplugs 220
Ears:
human 216–17
protection 220
Eating facilities 215
Economics 58–9
Ejection hazards 131–2
Electric arcing 154
Electric burns 151–2
treatment 152
Electric shock 151–2
treatment 152
Electrical equipment:
selection 157–9
suitability 157–9
Electrical explosions 152–4
Electrical fires 152–4
Electrical hazards 149–63
general control measures 156–7
inspection strategies 159–60
maintenance strategies 159
protective systems 157–9
Electrical (Safety) Regulations 1994 365
Electricity:
construction hazards and control 238
definitions 150–1
injuries 151–6
inspection strategies 159–60
maintenance strategies 159–60
principles 149–51
static 154–5
Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
313–16
Elevators 112–14
Emergencies:
assembly and roll call 86–7
chemical and biological hazards 204
procedures 85–7
supervisors 86
Emergency planning, fire 183
Employees:
duties HSW Act 13
representation 57
responsibilities 28
Employers:
duties 7, 13
responsibilities 28
Employers Liability (Compulsory Insurance)
Act 1969 and Regulations 1998
316–17
Enforcement, HSW act 12–13
Engineering controls:
COSHH regulations 198–9
design 75
England and Wales, legal system 4–5
Entanglement hazards 131–2
Environment Agency 14
Environmental considerations 204–6
chemical and biological hazards 204–5
Environmental Protection Act 1990 286–91
Environmental protection definition 2
Equipment:
operating environment 127–8
specific risks 125
working environment 127–8
Ergonomics:
ill-health effects 210–13
task design 209–14
workstation design 209–14
Errors, human 50–2
Escape routes, fire 178
Escape times, fire 179
EU see European Union
European Courts 5
European Union (EU)
directives 9
influence of 8–9
392
IndexEvaluation, risk levels 65–6
Examination:
air receivers 127
boilers 127
lifting equipment 117–18
Excavations 247–9
construction hazards and control 237
precautions 248
Exceptional violations 52
Expectant mothers, risk assessment 68
Explosions, electrical 152–4
Exposure assessments 78–9
External agencies 13–14
External influences 57–9
Eye protection 203
Falling:
from height 95–6, 235–6
protection against 235–6
Falling object protective structures
(FOPS) 134
Falling objects, protection against 236
Falls:
from height 95–6, 235–6
slips and trips 95
Fault and no-fault compensation 379–80
Files, health and safety 241
Financial arguments 17–18
Fines see penalties
Fire:
alarm testing 87
authority 13–14
basic principles 168–9
classification 170
common causes 172–3
compartmentation 181
construction hazards and control 238
detection 177–8
drills 87
electrical 152–4
emergency planning 183
extinguishers 182
hazards and control 165–84
location at risk 174–5
means of escape 178–80
notices 86, 87, 90
people with a disability 183–4
persons at risk 174–5
risk assessment 173–7
findings 175
maintenance 177
monitoring and reviewing 175
plans 177
refurbishment 177
structural features 177
risk reduction 175
routines 86
RRFSO:
enforcement 168
offences 168
safety duties 167–8
training staff 183
warning 177–8
Fire fighting equipment
maintenance 182–3
provision 182–3
Fire hazards:
dangerous substances 176–7
identification 173–4
Fire precautions (Workplace) regulations
1999 165
Fire protection:
buildings 180–2
load of building 180
Fire spread principles 170–2
First Aid Regulations 1981 325
First aider 89
First-aid 87–9
appointed persons 88
arrangements 89
box 88
contents 88
personnel numbers 89
Flying object hazards 96
Follow-up, incident investigation 258
FOPS see Falling object protective
structures
Fork lift trucks 114–16, 134
Forms:
incident investigations 258
injury reports 263–4
inspection report, construction
site 250–1
job safety analysis 91
manual handling risk assessment
120–1
safety method statement 92
Framework, management 17–18
Frequency, Portable electrical appliance
testing 161
Fuel sources, fires 169
Gamma rays 222
Gas Appliances (Safety) Regulations 1992
365
Gas safety (Installation and Use)
Regulations 1998 365
Global adverse events, work related
368–9
Grinder safeguards 142
Guards:
adjustable 137
construction 145–6
fixed 137
interlocking 138–9
machinery 137–9
Guidance:
best practice 11
legal 11
Hand protection 203
Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) 211
Hand-held tools, work equipment 128–30
HAVS see Hand-arm vibration syndrome
Hazard definition 3
Hazardous substances, classification and
health risks 186–7
Hazards:
checklist 69
construction activities 233–52
definition 62
elimination 75
excavations 247–8
fire 165–84
heat and radiation 221–3
identification 65
machinery 135–7
manual handling 107–21
mechanical handling 107–21
mechanical machinery 130–2
mobile work equipment 132–3
movement of people and vehicles 93–105
non-mechanical machinery 135
pedestrians 93–5
reduced time exposure 75
substitution 75
vehicle operations 98–9
work equipment 123–48
working above ground level 242
Health definition 1
Health hazards:
biological 185–208
chemical 185–208
construction hazards and control 238
specific agents 190–3
survey techniques 196–7
Health risks 64
control 77–9
survey techniques 196–7
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
(HSW Act) 9–13, 21–2, 34,
281, 283–5
overview 10–11
Health and Safety Commission (HSC) 10,
13, 282, 285
Health and Safety (Consultation with
Employees) Regulations 1996 38–9,
303–4
Health and safety culture 43–59
Health and Safety (Display Screen
Equipment) Regulations 1992 311–13
Health and safety file, management of
construction activities 241
Health and Safety File Regulations 299
Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations
1981 325
Health and Safety (Information for
Employees) Regulations 1989 325
Health and safety management systems
basic elements 369–70
benefits and problems 378
international 369–74
involvement of stakeholders 375–6
Health and safety plan, of construction
activities 240–1
Health and safety policy, checklist 25–6
Health and safety rules, company car
drivers 104
Health and Safety (Safety Signs and
Signals) Regulations 1996 349–52
Health and safety standards,
promotion 52–3
393
IndexHealth surveillance 204
Heat, transmission principles 170–2
Heat hazards 221–3
Height working 242–7
construction hazards and control 234–5
Heinrich’s accidents/incidents ratio 45
Hierarchy, risk control 74–7
High voltage apparatus, work permit 84
Highway Code 104
Hoists 117
Hold-to-run control 140–1
Hot work, permit 84
Housekeeping, risk control 75
HSC see Health and Safety Commission
HSG 65, international health and safety
management system 370–1
HSW Act see Health and Safety at
Work Act
Human body, routes of entry 188
Human errors 50–2
ICC see Incident Contact Centre
Ignition sources 169
Ill-health effects of poor ergonomics
210–13
ILO-OSH 2001, international health and
safety management system 373–4
Incident Contact Centre (ICC) 260
Incidents:
causes 256–8
data analysis/collection 260–1
investigation 256–8
recording and reporting 253–66
legal recording and reporting
requirements 259–60
Incidents/accidents, reasons for
investigation 254–5
Individual capability, manual handling
assessment 110
Induction training 55
Information:
customers 33
risk control 75–6
work equipment hazards and control 125
Information for Employees Regulations
1989 325–7
Information gathering, review and
audit 275–6
Infra-red radiation 223
Injuries:
see also accidents
accident investigation 255
electricity 151–6
manual handling 108
report forms 263–4
risk reduction 110–11
Inspections:
construction site, report 250–1
electricity, strategies 159–60
equipment for work at height 247
excavations 248–9
frequency 272–3
hand tools 129
lifting equipment 118
proactive monitoring and measuring
performance 270–2
Provision and Use of Work Equipment
Regulations 1998 126–7
reports 272
standards 272
work equipment hazards and control
126–7
Inspectors powers:
enforcement 12
HSW Act 285
Instruction, work equipment hazards and
control 125
Insulating materials 181
Insurance:
accidents/incidents 261–2, 265–6
claims 265–6
companies 14
Internal influences 56–7
International aspects, health and safety
367–80
International health and safety
management system:
HSG 65 370–1
ILO-OSH 2001 373–4
OHSAS 18001 371–2
Interview techniques 257–8
Investigations:
alcohol problems 229–30
drug problems 229–30
incidents 256–8
forms 258
interview techniques 257–8
Ionising radiation 221–2
Ionising Radiation Regulations 1999
325–7
Isocyanates 191–2
Job safety analysis form 91
Job training 55
Ladders 242–3
Lasers 223
Lead 192
Legal arguments 16–17
Legal framework 3–4
Legal guidance 11
Legal reasons, incidents/accidents
investigations 254
Legal requirements:
safe systems of work 80
summary 281–366
Legal system:
England and Wales 4–5
Scotland 5
Legionella 193
Legislation enforcement 58
Leptospirosis 192
Liability, statutory levels 7–8
Licences, waste management 289–90
Lifting equipment:
cranes 116–17
fork lift trucks 114–16
statutory examination 117–18
types 112–17
Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment
Regulations 1998 (amended 2002)
327–31
Lifting tackle, cranes 117
Lifts 117
see also hoists
Lighting:
means of escape from fire 179
workplace environment 215
Limitations, portable electrical appliance
testing 161
Load, manual handling assessment
109–10
Lone workers:
risk assessment 68
safe systems 82
Machinery:
hazards 135–7
safeguards 137–46
Maintenance:
chemical and biological hazards 204
electricity, strategies 159–60
equipment with specific risks 125
equipment for work at height 247
fire fighting equipment 182–3
work equipment hazards and control
126–7
Management:
commitment 52, 56
construction activities 239–40
framework 17–18
HSW Regulations 1999 12
occupational road safety 100–4
organizing for HSW 27–42
road safety, benefits 101
training 56
vehicle movements 100
Management of Health and Safety at
Work Regulations (MHSW) 1999
13, 73, 281, 331–3
Manager responsibilities 39–41
Manual handling:
checklist 119–21
hazards 107–21
hierarchy of measures 108–9
injuries 107–8
loads 119–21
risk assessment 108–12
risk assessment forms 120–1
training 111–12
Manual Handling Operations Regulations
(MHO) 1992 (amended 2002) 333–5
Maximum Exposure Limit (MEL) 194
Measuring failure, reactive monitoring 270
Measuring performance, observation
techniques 271–2
Mechanical handling:
equipment types 112–17
hazards 107–21
Mechanical machinery, hazards 130–2
MEL see Maximum exposure limit
394
IndexMHSW see Management of Health and
Safety at Work
Microwaves 223
Mistakes, human errors 51
Mobile elevated work platforms 246–7
Mobile phones, security equipment 228
Mobile scaffold towers 246
Mobile work equipment 132–5
Monitoring:
risk control 76
safe systems 82
Monitoring performance
frequency 272–3
responsibility 272
review and audit 267–80
Moral arguments 14–16
Musculoskeletal problems 214
Near miss, definition 2, 63
Negligence 6–7
Nervous system 189
Noise:
action levels 218–19
assessments 217–19
construction hazards and control 238
control techniques 219–20
health effects 216–17
physical and psychological hazards and
control 216–20
Noise at Work Regulations 1989 335–8
Non-ionising radiation 223
Non-mechanical machinery hazards 135
Nursing mothers, risk assessment 68
Objectives, risk assessment 63–4
Observation techniques, measuring
performance 271
Occupational exposure limits, (OEL)
194–7
Occupational Exposure Standard,
(OES) 194
Occupational ill-health, definition 63
Occupational road safety, management
100–4
Occupational/work-related ill health 2
Occupiers Liability Acts 1957 and 1984
365–6
OEL see Occupational exposure limits
OES see Occupational Exposure Standard
OHSAS 18001 international health and
safety management system 371–2
Operating environment, equipment 127–8
Organic solvent hazards 191
Organization 27–42
control 27–8
policy 22–3
responsibilities 28–9
Oxygen, fire hazards 169
Pedestal drill hazards 135–6
Pedestrian hazards 93–5
control strategies 95–8
preventative measures 97–8
Pedestrians:
collisions with flying objects 96
collisions with moving vehicles 96
collisions with stationary objects 96–7
Penalties, health and safety offences
12–13, 286
Performance:
audit and review 274–7
measurement 267–72
reason for measurement 268–9
Performance assessment phase
369–70
Performance improvement phase 370
Permits to work 82–5
principles 83
types 83–4
Personal hygiene 204
Personal Protective Equipment at Work
Regulations 1992 (amended 2002)
338–41
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
COSHH regulations 200–3
risk control 76
Persons at risk 65
Persons in control of premises 31
Photocopiers:
machinery hazards 135
safeguards 141
Physical health hazards 209–31
Planning phase, health and safety
management systems 369
Plant checklist 25–6
Policy 21–8
arrangements 23
checklist 25–6
key elements 22–3
review 23–4
statement 21
Portable electrical appliance testing
160–2
Portable electrical equipment 155–6
Positive health and safety culture 374–5
Power tools, hand-held 129–30
PPE see Personal protective equipment
Practicable, definition 8
Precautions, excavations 248
Premises:
control 31
joint occupation 37
persons in control 31
Preparation, safe systems 81
Pressure Systems Safety Regulations
2000 (PSSR) 366
Preventative measures:
COSHH Regulations 198
ergonomic risks 212–13
pedestrian hazards 97–8
Prevention:
risks 73–4
workplace stress 224–5
Proactive monitoring 267, 270
Procedures, permits to work 82–3
Production demands 57
Promotion, health and safety
standards 52–3
Protection strategies, radiation 223–4
Protective clothing 203–4
Protective systems, electrical equipment
157–9
Provision and Use of Work Equipment
Regulations 1998 (PUWER) 33, 123,
126–7, 137, 341–6
Psychological health hazards 209–31
Psychological problems, display screen
equipment 214
Purchase of equipment, risk 33–4
PUWER see Provision and Use of Work
Equipment Regulations 1998
Radiation:
hazards 221–4
heat transmission 171
protection strategies 223–4
Radios and pagers 228
Reactive monitoring 267
incidents 253
measuring failure 270
Reasonably practicable, definition 8
Recommendations for action, incident
investigation 258
Records:
Portable electrical appliance testing 161
risk assessment 67, 70–1
Regulations:
alphabetical list 282–3
chronological list 283
Regulatory authorities:
role 377–8
safety management systems 378
Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order
2004 (RRFSO) 166–8, 317–24
Repetitive strain injury (RSI) (tenosynovitis)
210
Report forms, construction site inspection
250–1
Report writing, monitoring 273–4
Reporting of Injuries Diseases and
Dangerous Occurrences
Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR)
259–60, 346–8
Reports, excavations 248–9
Resistance of structural elements, fire
protection 181
Respiratory protection equipment 200–3
Respiratory system 188–9
Responsibilities:
duty holders 239–40
employees 28
employers 28
managers 39–41
work permits 84–5
Rest facilities 215
Retail checkout conveyor
machinery hazards 136
safeguards 144
Retail compactor:
machinery hazards 136
395
Index[Retail compactor]
safeguards 143–4
Review:
performance 274–7
risk control 77
RIDDOR see Reporting of Injuries
Diseases and Dangerous
Occurrences Regulations 1995
Risk:
control principles 73–92
definition 3, 62
evaluation 102–4
purchase of equipment 33–4
Risk assessment 61–71
definitions 62–3
examples 277–8
fire 172–7
legal aspects 61–2
level evaluation 65–6
management 64–5
manual handling 108–12
monitoring and review 67
objectives 63–4
process 65–6
records 67, 70–1
Regulations
confined spaces 294–5
dangerous substances 319
legal requirement 281
special cases 67–9
types 62
Risk control
hierarchy 66–7, 74–7
measures 66
performance measurement 269–70
prioritization 67
Risk reduction, injuries 110–11
Road safety management 102–4
Rollover protective structures (ROPS) 134
Roofs, fragile 236
ROPS see Rollover protective structures
Routine violation 51
RRFSO see Regulatory Reform
(Fire Safety) Order 2004
RSI see Repetitive strain injury
Rules, contractors safety 36
Safe driving:
lift trucks 115
mobile work equipment 134–5
Safe place of work, construction hazards
and control 234
Safe systems of work 79–82
definition 79
Safeguards, machinery 137–46
Safety:
contractor rules 36
culture 44–5
definition 2
devices 139–41
hooks 117
method statement form 92
performance 44
Safety Committees Regulations 1977 38
Safety Representatives Regulations
1977 38
Safety Representatives and Safety
Committees Regulations 1977
348–9
Safety sampling, measuring performance
272
Safety Signs and Signals Regulations 1996
349–52
Sanitary conveniences 215–16
Scaffolds:
fault checklist 252
fixed 244–6
Scotland, legal system 5
Scottish Environment Protection Agency
see Environment Agency
Seating, workplace environment 215–16
Security Equipment 228
Selection, contractors 241–2
Self-employed 32
Service demands 57
Shear hazards 131–2
Shock, electric 151–2
Signs:
means of escape from fire 179
Regulations 350–2
Silica hazards 192
Situational violations 51–2
Skin 190
dermatitis 190
protection 203
Slips and lapses, human errors 50
Smoke spread in buildings 171–2
Societal expectations 58
Sound pressure levels 218
Sources of law (England and Wales) 5–6
Specialist training 56
Staging, working above ground level 243
Stakeholders involvement, health and
safety management 375–6
Standards, promotion 52–3
Static electricity 154–5
Stationary objects, pedestrian hazards
96–7
Statute law 6
liability levels 7–8
Stepladders 243–4
Stress, causes and prevention 224–5
Study skills 383–9
Studying:
examinations 387–9
location 383
memory 386–7
organizing information 385–6
planning 383–4
reading 384
revision 384–5
Substances hazardous to health, control
hierarchy 78
Suitability, hand tools 129
Supervision, risk control 76
Supervisors:
emergency procedures 86
responsibilities 41
training 56
Supervisory/people control regulations
199–200
Supply chain 32–4
Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations
1992 33, 123, 352–5
Surface spread, fire protection 180–1
Survey techniques, health risks 196–7
Task, manual handling assessment 109
Task design, ergonomics 209–14
Temperature, extremes 221
Tenosynovitis 210
Testing:
fire fighting equipment 182–3
portable electrical appliances 160–2
Time exposure reduction, risk control 75
Torts and duties 6–7
Trade unions 58
Traffic route hazards and control 237–8
Training 54–5
fire emergency plans 183
incident investigation 258
induction 55
jobs 55
management 56
manual handling 111–12
risk control 75–6
safe systems of work 81–2
specialist 56
supervisors 56
work equipment hazards and
control 125
Trestles, working above ground level
243–4
Trip devices 139
Two-handed control devices, safety
139–40
Ultraviolet radiation 223
Urinary system 190
User checks, portable electrical appliances
testing 160
User responsibilities, work equipment 128
Vehicle operation:
control strategies 99–100
hazards 98–9
Vehicles:
construction hazards and control 237–8
movement management 100
Vibration at Work Regulations 2005
355–8
Vibration Syndrome 211
Vibration white finger (VWF) 211
Violations, health and safety rules 51–2
Violence at work:
causes and prevention 225–8
investigating 226–7
taking action 227–8
Visual inspection, portable electrical
appliances testing 160–1
396
IndexVisual problems, display screen
equipment 214
VWF see Vibration white finger
WAHR see Work at Height Regulations
2005
Washing facilities 215–16
Waste disposal 206
Waste management licence 289–90
Water pollution 205–6
WBV see Whole body vibration
Weil’s Disease (leptospirosis) 192
Welfare:
definition 2
facilities 238
physical and psychological hazards and
control 214–16
risk control 76
Whole body vibration (WBV) 211–12
Work at Height Regulations 2005 (WAHR)
234–5, 360–4
Work equipment:
hand-held tools 128–30
hazards and control 123–48
mobile 132–5
suitability 123–4
user responsibilities 128
Work methods/patterns, risk control 75
Work permits 82–5
see also permits to work
responsibilities 84–5
Work related upper limb disorders
(WRULDs) 210–11
Work systems, risk control 75
Workers with a disability risk
assessment 68
Workforce cooperation 37–9
Working above ground level 242–7
Working environment:
equipment 127–8
manual handling assessment 110
Working Time Regulations 1998
(amended 1999) Regulations 366
Workplace environment 215–16
Workplace (Health Safety and Welfare)
Regulations 1992 (amended 2002)
358–60
Workplace inspection examples 277–8
Workstations:
design 209–14
workplace environment 215–16
WRULDs see Work related upper limb
disorders
Young persons, risk assessment 67–8
List of principal abbreviations
Most abbreviations are defined within the text. Abbreviations are not always used if it is not appropriate within the
particular context of the sentence. The most commonly used ones are as follows:
ACOP Approved Code of Practice
ACM Asbestos Containing Material
CBI Confederation of British Industry
CDM Construction (Design and Management) Regulations
CHIP Chemicals(Hazard Information and Packaging) Regulations
COSHH Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations
DSE Display Screen Equipment
DSEAR Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations
EC European Community
EPA Environmental Protection Act 1990
EMAS Employment Medical Advisory Service
EU European Union
HAV Hand Arm Vibration
HSC Health and Safety Commission
HSE Health and Safety Executive
HSW Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974
ILO International Labour Office
IOSH Institution of Occupational Safety and Health
LOLER Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations
MHSW Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations
MHOR Manual Handling Operations Regulations
MOT Ministry of Transport (still used for vehicle tests)
NEBOSH National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health
OHSAS Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series
OSH Occupational Safety and Health
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
PUWER Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations
RIDDOR Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations
ROES Representative(s) of Employee Safety
RRFSO Regulatory Reform Fire Safety Order
STEL Short Term Exposure Limit
TUC Trades Union Congress
UK United Kingdom
VAWR Vibration at Work Regulations
WAHR Work at Height Regulations
WBV Whole Body Vibration
WEL Workplace Exposure Limit
WRULD Work-related Upper Limb Disorder
xviIllustrations credits
Figure 1.5 Source HSE. ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of
HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 1.12 From HSG 65 Successful Health and Safety Management (HSE Books 1997) ISBN 0717612767.
ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and
Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 4.3 From HSG 57 Seating at Work (HSE Books 1998) ISBN 0717612317. ß Crown copyright material
is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 4.7 From HSG 48 Reducing Error and Influencing Behaviour (HSE Books 1999) ISBN 0717624528.
ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and
Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 5.1 From HSG 149 Backs for the Future: Safe Manual Handling in Construction (HSE Books 2000)
ISBN 0717611221. ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the
Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 6.1 Reproduced with permission from The Argus, Brighton.
Figure 6.4 From HSG 150 (rev1) Health and Safety in Construction (HSE Books 2001) ISBN 0717621065.
ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO
and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 6.7 From PUWER 1998. Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998: Open Learning
Guidance (HSE Books 1999) ISBN 0717624595. ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with
the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 6.8 Cover of INDG 98 Permit-to-Work Systems (HSE 1998) ISBN 0717613313. ß Crown copyright
material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for
Scotland.
Figure 7.1 From HSG 155 Slips and Trips (HSE Books 1996) ISBN 0717611450. ß Crown copyright material
is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 7.4a For (a) only: From HSG 76 Health and Safety in Retail and Wholesale Warehouses (HSE Books
1992) ISBN 0118857312. ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the
Controller of HMSO and the Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 7.6 From HSG 6 Safety in Working with Lift Trucks (HSE Books 2000) ISBN 0717617815. ß Crown
copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s
Printer for Scotland.
xviiFigure 7.7 From HSG 136 Workplace Transport Safety (HSE Books 1995) ISBN 0717609359. ß Crown
copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s
Printer for Scotland.
Figure 8.4 From L 23 Manual Handling Operations – Guidance on Regulations (HSE Books 2004) ISBN
071762823X. ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of
HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 8.5 From Manual Handling in the Health Services (HSE Books 1998) ISBN 0717612481. ß Crown
copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s
Printer for Scotland.
Figure 8.6 From HSG 115 Manual Handling Solutions You Can Handle (HSE Books 1994) ISBN 0717606937.
ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and
Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 8.8a From HSG 115 Manual Handling Solutions You Can Handle (HSE Books 1994) ISBN 0717606937.
ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO
and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 8.8b From HSG 115 Manual Handling Solutions You Can Handle (HSE Books 1994) ISBN 0717606937.
ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and
Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 8.8c From HSG 115 Manual Handling Solutions You Can Handle (HSE Books 1994) ISBN 0717606937.
ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and
Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 8.9 From HSG 149 Backs for the Future: Safe Manual Handling in Construction (HSE Books 2000)
ISBN 0717611221. ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the
Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 8.10 From HSG 76 Health and Safety in Retail and Wholesale Warehouses (HSE Books 1992) ISBN
0118857312. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of
HMSO and the Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 8.13 From HSG 150 (rev1) Health and Safety in Construction (HSE Books 2001) ISBN 0717621065.
ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO
and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 9.4 Courtesy of Draper.
Figure 9.6 Courtesy of Draper.
Figure 9.9 Reprinted from Safety with Machinery, John Ridley and Dick Pearce, pages 20–29, 2002, with
permission from Elsevier.
Figure 9.11 Reprinted from Safety with Machinery, John Ridley and Dick Pearce, pages 20–29, 2002, with
permission from Elsevier.
Figure 9.12 Courtesy of Allen-Bradley Guardmaster brand from Rockwell Automation.
Figure 9.14 Reprinted from Safety with Machinery, John Ridley and Dick Pearce, page 63, 2002, with
permission from Elsevier.
xviii
Illustrations creditsFigure 9.14a Reprinted from Safety with Machinery, John Ridley and Dick Pearce, pages 61 and 62, 2002, with
permission from Elsevier.
Figure 9.14b Reprinted from Safety with Machinery, John Ridley and Dick Pearce, pages 61 and 62, 2002, with
permission from Elsevier.
Figure 9.15 Courtesy of Allen-Bradley Guardmaster brand from Rockwell Automation.
Figure 9.16 Reprinted from Safety with Machinery, John Ridley and Dick Pearce, page 79, 2002, with
permission from Elsevier.
Figure 9.17 Courtesy of Canon.
Figure 9.18 Courtesy of Fellowes.
Figure 9.19 Courtesy of Draper.
Figure 9.20a Courtesy of Draper.
Figure 9.20b Courtesy of Draper.
Figure 9.21 Courtesy of Atco-Qualcast.
Figure 9.22 Picture supplied courtesy of STIHL GB.
Figure 9.23 Courtesy of Pakawaste.
Figure 9.24 Courtesy of Winget.
Figure 9.25 From L 114 Safe Use of Woodworking Machinery (HSE Books 1998) ISBN 0717616304. ß Crown
copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s
Printer for Scotland.
Figure 10.2 Courtesy of Stocksigns.
Figure 10.6a Courtesy of DeWalt.
Figure 10.6b Courtesy of DeWalt.
Figure 10.6c Courtesy of DeWalt.
Figure 10.7a From Essentials of Health and Safety (HSE Books 1999) ISBN 071760716X. ß Crown copyright
material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for
Scotland.
Figure 10.7b From Essentials of Health and Safety (HSE Books 1999) ISBN 071760716X. ß Crown copyright
material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for
Scotland.
Figure 10.8a From Essentials of Health and Safety (HSE Books 1999) ISBN 071760716X. ß Crown copyright
material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for
Scotland.
Figure 10.8b From Essentials of Health and Safety (HSE Books 1999) ISBN 071760716X. ß Crown copyright
material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for
Scotland.
Illustrations credits
xixFigure 11.12a Courtesy of Armagard.
Figure 11.12b Courtesy of Armagard.
Figure 11.12c Courtesy of Armagard.
Figure 11.13 Courtesy of NEBOSH.
Figure 12.2a Reprinted from Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness Ninth edition, Waugh and Grant,
pages 240 and 248, 2002, with permission from Elsevier.
Figure 12.2b Reprinted from Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness Ninth edition, Waugh and Grant,
pages 240 and 248, 2002, with permission from Elsevier.
Figure 12.3 Reprinted from Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness Ninth edition, Waugh and Grant,
page 9, 2002, with permission from Elsevier.
Figure 12.4 Reprinted from Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness Ninth edition, Waugh and Grant,
page 8, 2002, with permission from Elsevier.
Figure 12.5 Reprinted from Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness Ninth edition, Waugh and Grant,
page 340, 2002, with permission from Elsevier.
Figure 12.6 Reprinted from Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness Ninth edition, Waugh and Grant,
page 363, 2002, with permission from Elsevier.
Figure 12.8 Courtesy of Draeger Safety UK Limited.
Figure 12.9 From HSG 54 Maintenance, Examination and Testing of Local Exhaust Ventilation (HSE Books
1998) ISBN 0717614859. ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the
Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 12.10 From HSG 202 General Ventilation in the Workplace (HSE Books 2000) ISBN 0717617939.
ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and
Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 12.11 Courtesy of Draper.
Figure 12.12a From HSG 53 The Selection, Use and Maintenance of Respiratory Protective Equipment (HSE
Books 1998) ISBN 0717615375. ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of
the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 12.12b From HSG 53 The Selection, Use and Maintenance of Respiratory Protective Equipment (HSE
Books 1998) ISBN 0717615375. ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of
the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 12.12c From HSG 53 The Selection, Use and Maintenance of Respiratory Protective Equipment (HSE
Books 1998) ISBN 0717615375. ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of
the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 12.13 Courtesy of Draper.
Figure 13.1 From HSG 121 A Pain in Your Workplace (HSE Books 1994) ISBN 0717606686. ß Crown
copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s
Printer for Scotland.
Illustrations credits
xxFigure 13.3 From INDG 175 REV1 Health Risks from Hand-Arm Vibration (HSE Books 1998) ISBN
0717615537. ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of
HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 13.4 From HSG 170 Vibration Solutions (HSE Books 1997) ISBN 0717609545. ß Crown copyright
material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for
Scotland.
Figure 13.7a Reprinted from Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness Ninth edition, Waugh and Grant,
page 195, 2002, with permission from Elsevier.
Figure 13.7b Reprinted from Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness Ninth edition, Waugh and Grant,
page 195, 2002, with permission from Elsevier.
Figure 13.9 From L 108 Reducing Noise at Work (HSE Books 1998) ISBN 0717615111. ß Crown copyright
material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for
Scotland.
Figure 13.10 Source: Heat Stress Card published by the Occupational Safety & Health Administration, U.S.A.
Figure 13.12 From INDG 69 (REV) Violence at Work: A Guide for Employers (HSE Books 2000) ISBN
0717612716. ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of
HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 14.1 From HSG 151 Protecting the Public – Your Next Move (HSE Books 1997) ISBN 0717611485.
ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and
Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 14.3 From HSG 185 Health and Safety in Excavations (HSE Books 1999) ISBN 0717615634. ß Crown
copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s
Printer for Scotland.
Figure 14.4 From CIS 49 REV1 General Access Scaffolds and Ladders. Construction Information Sheet No. 49
(revision) (HSE Books 2003). ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the
Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 14.5 From www.brattsladders.com
Figure 14.6b From HSG 149 Backs for the Future: Safe Manual Handling in Construction (HSE Books 2000)
ISBN 0717611221. ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the
Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 14.8 From HSG 150 (rev1) Health and Safety in Construction (HSE Books 2001) ISBN 0717621065.
ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and
Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 14.9 From HSG 185 Health and Safety in Excavations (HSE Books 1999) ISBN 0717615634. ß Crown
copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s
Printer for Scotland.
Figure 15.4 From BI 510 Accident Book (HSE Books 2003) ISBN 0717626032. ß Crown copyright
material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for
Scotland.
Illustrations credits
xxiFigure 15.5 From HSE 31 REV1 RIDDOR Explained: Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous
Occurances Regulations (HSE Books 1999) ISBN 0717624412. ß Crown copyright material
is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 16.1 From HSG 65 Successful Health and Safety Management (HSE Books 1997) ISBN 0717612767.
ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and
Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 16.2 From Guide to Measuring Health and Safety Performance (HSE 2001). ß Crown copyright material
is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 17.1 From INDG 350 The idiot’s guide to CHIP: Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for
Supply) Regulations 2002 (HSE Books 2002) ISBN 0717623335. ß Crown copyright material is
reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer.
Figure 17.2 From HSG 150 (rev1) Health and Safety in Construction (HSE Books 2001) ISBN 0717621065.
ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and
Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 17.3 From HSG 150 (rev1) Health and Safety in Construction (HSE Books 2001) ISBN 0717621065.
ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and
Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 17.6 From L 23 Manual Handling Operations – Guidance on Regulations (HSE Books 2004) ISBN
071762823X. ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of
HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 18.5 From HSG 65 Successful Health and Safety Management (HSE Books 1997) ISBN 0717612767.
ß Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and
Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
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رابط من موقع عالم الكتب لتنزيل كتاب Introduction to Health and Safety at Work - Second Edition
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