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| موضوع: كتاب A Text Book of Theory of Machines السبت 30 ديسمبر 2023, 10:38 am | |
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب A Text Book of Theory of Machines (In S.I. Units) [For Degree, U.P.S.C. (Engg. Services), A.M.I.E. (India)] Dr. J.S. BRAR B.E., M.E., Ph.D. ([IT, Delhi) Head Department of Mechanical Engineering Delhi College of Engineering, Delhi. By Dr. R.K. BANSAL B.Sc. Engg. (Mech.), M. Tech., Hons. (I.I.T., Delhi) Ph.D., M.I.E. (India) Department of Mechanical Engineering Delhi College of Engineering, Delhi
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Chapters �duction 1.1. Definition 1.2. Mechanism and Machine 1.3. Link 1.4. Kinematic Pair 1.5. Degrees ofFreedom 1.6. Kinematic Chain Solved Problems 1.1-1.5 Contents 1.7. Binary, Ternary, Quaternary Joints 1.8. Binary, Ternary and Quaternary Links 1.9. Degrees ofFreedom for Plane Mechanism 1.10. Inversion ofMechanism 1.11. Different Types ofKinematic Chains and Their Inversions 1.11.1. Four Bar Chains 1.11.2. Single-Slider Crank MechanisIJ?, 1.11.3. Double-Slider Crank Chain Solved Problems 1.6-1.15 Highlights Exercise--1 on ofInertia 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Displacement 2.3. Velocity 2.4. Acceleration 2.5. Acceleration ofa Particle Moving along a Circular Path 2.6. Angular Displacement 2.7. Angular Velocity 2.8. Angular Acceleration 2.9. Force, Mass and Weight 2.10. Centripetal and Centrifugal Force 2.11. Mass Moment oflnertia 2.12. Angular Momentum 2.13. Torque 2.14. Work 2.15. Power 2.16. Energy 2.16.1. Potential Energy 2.16.2. Strain Energy 2.16.3. Kinetic Energy Solved Problems 2.1-2.16 2.17. Law ofConservation ofEnergy 2.18. Impulse and Impulsive Force 2.19. Law ofConservation ofMomentum 2.20. Impact ofTwo Bodies Pages Chapters 2.20.1. Co-efficient ofRestitution Solved Problems 2.17-2.20 (x) 2.20.2. Loss ofKinetic Energy during Impact Solved Problems 2.21-2.25 2.21. Simple Harmonic Motion 2.21.1. Definitions ofsome terms used with S.H.M. Solved Problems 2.26-2.28 2.21.2. Oscillation ofthe bodies having S.H.M. Solved Problems 2.29-2.30 2.21.3. OsciHation ofa Simple Pendulum Solved Problems 2.31-2.35 Highlights Exercise-2 ity of Points in Mechanism 3.1. Introduction (A) INSTANTANEOUS CENTRE METHOD 3.2. Instantaneous Centre Method Solved Problem 3.1 3.3. Analysis ofReciprocating Engine Mechanism by Instantaneous Centre Method Solved Problems 3.2-3.3 3.4. Analysis ofFour Bar Mechanism by Instantaneous Centre Method Solved Problems 3.4-3.5 3.5. Number and Types oflnstantaneous Centres in a Mechanism 3.6. Method for Locating an Instantaneous Centre 3.7. Kennedy Theorem (or Three Centres-in-line Theorem) 3.8. Procedure of Locating Instantaneous Centres Solved Problems 3.6-3.7 (B) RELATIVE VELOCITY METHOD 3.9. Relative Velocity Method 3.9.1. Relative Velocity oftwo bodies moving in straight lines 3.9.2. Relative Velocity ofa rigid link 3.10. Velocities in Four Bar Chain 3.11. Velocities in Slider Crank Mechanism Solved Problems 3.8-3.9 3.12. Rubbing Velocity at a Pin-Joint Solved Problems 3.10-3.15 3.13. Forces Acting in a Mechanism 3.14. Mechanical Advantage / Solved Highlights Problems 3.16-3.17 ,./Acceleration in Mechanism J ·4.1. Introduction 4.2. Acceleration ofa Body Moving along a Circular Path 4.3. Acceleration Diagram for a Link 4.4. Acceleration Diagram for a Slider Crank Mechanism Solved Problems 4.1-4.5 4.5. Coriolis Acceleration Component Solved Problems 4.6-4.11 Pages 143 148(xi) Chapters Highlights / Exercise-4 � Mechanism with Lower Pairs 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Pantograph 5.3. Straight Line Mechanism 5.4. Exact Straight Line Motion Mechanisms Solved Problem 5.1 Approximate Straight Line Motion Mechanism 5.5.1. Watt's Straight Line Mechanism 5.5.2. Modified Scott-Russel Mechanism 5.5.3. Gross-Hopper Mechanism 5.5.4. Tehebichetrs Mechanism 5.5.5. Robert's Mechanism Solved Problems 5.2-5.3 Application ofStraight Line Motion in Engine Indicators 5.6.1. Simplex Indicator Solved Problems 5.4 5.6.2. Crosby Indicator 5.6.3. Thomson Indicator 5.6.4. Double Mclnnes Indicator Steering Gears 5.7.1. Davis Steering Gear Solved Problem 5.5 5.7.2. Ackermann Steering Gear Universal or Hooke's Joint 5.8.1. Analysis of Hooke's Joint 5.8.2. Ratio ofAngular Velocities ofthe shafts 5.8.3. Conditions for equal speeds ofdriven and ring shafts 5.8.4. Maximum and Minimum speeds ofdriven shaft Solved Problems 5.6-5.10 Double Hooke's Joint Solved Problem 5.11 Highlights Exercise-5 �ction 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Definitions 6.2.1. Co-efficient offriction 6.2.2. Angle offriction 6.2.3. Cone of friction 6.3. Types of Friction 6.3.1. Dry friction 6.3.2. Greasy friction 6.3.3. Film friction 6.4. Law:s of Dry Friction Solved Problems 6.1-6.6 Pages 213(xii) Angle of Repose Chapters 6.5. 6.6. Equilibrium ofa Body lying on a Rough Inclined Plane Solved Problems 6.7-6.11 6.7. 6.8. 6.9. Screw Threads Friction Screw-Jack Solved Problems 6.12-6.17 V-Threads Friction Solved Problem 6.18 Pivot and Collar Bearing 6.10.1. Flat pivot Solved Problem 6.19 6.10.2. Conical pivot 6.10.3. Truncated conical pivot Solved Problems 6.20-6.21 L6.10.4. Friction Clutches Solved Flat collar Problems 6.22-6.23 6.11.1. Disc clutch or single plate clutch Solved Problems 6.24-6.30 6.11.2. Multi plate clutch Solved Problems 6.31-6.33 6.11.3. Cone clutch ' Solved Problems 6.34-6.35 6.12. Greasy Friction 6.12.1. Greasy friction ofa journal 6.12.2. Greasy friction ofa slider-crank mechanism 6.13. Film Friction or Viscous Friction Highlights Exercise-6 7. .n'e1ts, Ropes and Chain Drives V7.1. Introduction 7.2. Open Flat Belt Drive 7.2.1. Velocity Ratio of Open Belt Drive Solved Problems 7.1-7.2 7.2.2. Slip of the Belt 7.2.3. Creep ofthe Belt Solved Problems 7.3-7.5 7.3. Cross Belt Drive 7.4. Compound Belt Drive Solved Problem 7.6 7.5. Length of Belt 7.5.1. Length ofan Open Belt Drive 7.5.2. Length ofa Cross-Belt Drive Solved Problems 7.7-7.8 7.6. Ratio of Belt Tensions 7.7. Power Transmitted by Belt Solved Problems 7.9-7.10 Pages 304(xiii) Centrifugal Tension Chapters 7.8. 7.9. Maximum Power Transmitted by a B�lt Solved Problems 7.11-7.14 7.10. Initial Tension in the Belt Solved Problems 7.15-7.17 7.11. V-Belt Drive and Rope-Drive Solved Problems 7.18-7.23 7.12. Chain Drive 7.13. Relative Advantages and Disadvantages ofChain and Belt (or Rope) Drives Highlights Exercise-7 8. �es and Dynamometers \.._/"'"8.1. Introduction 8.2. Types ofBrakes 8.2.1. Simple Block or Shoe Brake Solved Problems 8.1-8.5 8.2.2. Band Brake Solved Problems 8.6-8.11 8.2.3. Band and Block Brake Solved Problems 8.12-8.13 8.2.4. Internal Expanding Shoe Brake Solved Problem 8.14 8.3. The Braking ofa Vehicle Solved Problems 8.15-8.16 8.4. Dynamometer 8.5. Absorption Dynamometer 8.5.1. Prony_Brake Dynanometer 8.5.2. Rope Brake Dynamometer Solved Problem 8.17 8.6. Transmission Dynamometer 8.6.1. Epi-cyclic Train Dynamometer 8.6.2. Belt Transmission Dynamometer Solved Problem 8.18 8.6.3. Torsion Dynamometer Highlights / Exercise-8 \!)/Gears 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Classification ofGears 9.3. Definition ofthe terms used in Gears Solved Problems 9.1-9.2 9.4. Law ofGearing or Condition for Constant Velocity Ratio ofGear Wheels. 9.5. Velocity ofSliding 9.6. Forms ofTeeth 9.7. Cycloidal Profile Teeth 9.7.1. Formation ofa Cycloid Rack Tooth Profile 405Chapters (xiv) 9.7.2. Formation ofa Cycloid Teeth ofaGear 9.7.3. Involute Profile Teeth 9.7.4. InvoluteGear Teeth 9.7.5. Important Points for Involute Profile ToothedGears in Mesh 9.7.6. System ofGear Teeth 9.8. Length ofPath ofContact 9.9. Length ofArc ofContact 9.10. Number ofPairs ofTeeth in Contact (or Contact ratio) Solved Problems 9.3-9.5 9.11. Interference in InvoluteGears Solved Problems 9.6-9..8 9.12. The Minimum Number ofTeeth required on the Pinion in Order to Avoid Interference 9.13. The Minimum Number ofTeeth required on the Wheel in order to avoid Interference Solved Problems 9.9-9.11 9.14. Interference between Rack and Pinion and Minimum Number ofTeeth on a Pinion for Involute Rack in order to avoid Interference Solved Problem 9.12 9.15. HelicalGears 9.16. Important Terms for HelicalGears 9.17. SpiralGears 9.18. The Efficiency ofthe SpiralGears Solved Problems 9.13-9.15 Highlights Exercise-9 Introduction Types ofGear Trains 10.2.1. Simple Gear Train 10.2.2. CompoundGear Train 10.2.3. Reverted Gear Train 10.2.4. EpicyclicGear Train 10.3. Velocity Ratio ofGear Trains 10.3.1. Velocity Ratio ofa SimpleGear Train Solved Problems 10.1-10.4 10.3.2. Velocity Ratio ofa CompoundGear Train Solved Problems 10.5-10.6 10.3.3. Velocity Ratio ofRevertedGear Train 10.3.4. Velocity Ratio ofEpicyclicGear Train Solved Problems 10.7-10.12 10.4. Sun and PlanetGear Solved Problems 10.13-10.15 10.5. Torques and Tooth Loads in EpicyclicGear Train Solved Problems 10.16--10.18 10.6. Compound EpicyclicGear Train Solved Problem 10.19 Pages Chapters ✓- 10.7. Epicyclic Gear Train with Bevel Gear Solved Problems 10.20-10.25 Highlights / Exercise-IO Inertia Forces in Reciprocating Parts 1 1. 1. Introduction 1 1.2. D-Alembert's Principle 1 1'.3. Effect of a Number of Forces Acting on a Rigid Body Solved Problems 1 1 . 1-11.2 1 1.4. Velocity and Acceleration of the Piston 11.4. 1. Analytical method 11.4.2. Angular velocity and angular acceleration ofconnecting rod Solved Problems 1 1.3-1 1.7 11.4.3. Graphical method for velocity and acceleration of reciprocating parts Solved Problems 1 1.8-11 . 10 11 .5. Torque Exerted on the Crank-shaft when Friction and Inertia of Moving Parts are Neglected Solved Problem 1 1. 1 1 1 1.6. Forces on the Reciprocating Parts of an Engine Considering Friction and Inertia ofMoving Parts but Neglecting Weight ofthe Connecting Rod 1 1.6.1 . Piston effort 1 1.6.2. Force acting along the connecting rod 1 1.6.3. Thurst on the sides ofcylinder walls 1 1.6.4. Cank effort 1 1.6.5. Thurst on crank-shaft bearing 1 1.7. Torc;,ue on the Crank-shaft or Turning Moment on Crank-Shaft Solved Problems 11. 12-11.19 1 1.8. Dynamically Equivalent System Solved Problems 11.20-11.22 1 1.9. Magnitude of Correction Couple Applied to Two Mass System which is Dynamically Equivalent to Rigid Body Solved Problem 11.23 1 1. 10. Torque Exerted on the Crank-shaft, Considering the Weight of the Connectin.g Rod Solved Problems 1 1.24-1 1.28 Highlights Exercise--1 1 1 9 �ing Moment Diagrams ¼;.u Introduction 12.2. Turning Moment Diagrams for Different Types of Engines 12.3. Fluctuation ofEnergy and Fluctuation ofSpeed ofCrank-shaft 12.4. Co-efficient of Fluctuation of Energy (Ke) 12.5. Co-efficient of Fluctuation ofSpeed (K5) 12.6. Flywheels Solved Problems 12. 1-12.12 Pages Chapters 12.7. Flywheel's Rim Dimensions Solved Problems 12.13-12.14 12.8. Operation of a Flywheel in a Punching Press Solved Problems 12.15-12.19 Highlights _ _ / Exercise-12 �-a�ancing ofRotatingMasses 13.1. Introduction 13.2. Balancing of Rotating Masses 13.2.1. Balancing ofa Single Rotating Mass Solved Problem 13.1 13.2.2. Balancing ofSeveral Masses Rotating in the same plane Solved Problem 13.2 13.2.3. Balancing ofSeveral Masses Rotating in different planes Solved Problems 13.3-13.9 Highlights / Exercise-13 �alancing ofReciprocating Masses 14.1. Introduction 14.2. Balancing ofReciprocating Engine 14.3. Partial Balancing of Primary Force Solved Problem 14.1 14.4. Partial Balancing of Locomotives 14.5. Effect ofPartial Balancing ofLocomotives 14.5.1. Variation ofTractive Force (or Effort) 14.5.2. Swaying Couple 14.5.3. Hammer Blow Solved Problems 14.2-14.5 14.6. Coupled Locomotives Solved Problem 14.6 14.7. Primary Balance ofMulti-cylinder In-line Engines 14.8. Secondary Balance of Multi-cylinder In-line Engines Solved Problems 14.7-14.10 14.9. Method ofDirect and Reverse Cranks Solved Problems 14.11-14.12 14.10. V-Engines Balancing Solved Problem 14.13 Highlights Exercise-14 Introduction 15.2. Types ofGovernors 15.3. Types ofCentrifugal Governors 15.4. Watt Governor Solved Problems 15.1-15.2 15.5. Porter Governor Solved Problems 15.3-15.7 Pages 768Chapters 15.6. ProellGovernor Solved Problems 15.8-15.9 15.7. BartnellGovernor Solved Problems 15.10-15.13 15.8. Wilson-HartnellGovernor Solved Problems 15.14-15.15 15.9. Some Important Definitions 15.9.1. Sensitiveness 15.9.2. Stability 15.9.3. Isochronism 15.9.4. Hunting 15.10. Governor Effort and Power Solved Problem 15.16 15.11. Controlling Force Solved Problems 15.17-15.18 15.12. Friction and Insensitiveness Solved Problems 15.19-15.21 Highlights Exercise-15 (xvii ) fbrations (Longitudinal and Transverse) 16.1. Introduction 16.2. Types ofVibration 16.3. Important Definitions for Vibrating Motion 16.4. Free Vibrations 16.5. Methods of Finding the Natural Frequency of Free Longitudinal Vibrations 16.5.1. Equilibrium method 16.5.2. Energy method 16.5.3. Rayleigh's method 16.6. Method for Natural Frequency of Free Transverse Vibrations Solved Problem 16.1 16.7. Effect ofthe Inertia of Shaft on Longitudinal and Transverse Vibrations 16.8. Natural Frequency ofTransverse Vibrations ofShafts or Beams under Different Types of Loads and End Conditions 16.8.1. Natural frequency ofa shaft carrying a single concentrated load Solved Problems 16.2-16.3 16.8.2. Natural frequency ofa shaft carrying a uniformly distributed load ... 16.9. Natural Frequency ofTransverse Vibrations ofa System of Several Loads attached to the Same Shaft 16.9.1. Energy method 16.9.2. Dunkerley's method Solved Problems 16.4-16.5 16.10. Whirling Speeds or Critical Speeds Solved Problems 16.6-16.8 16.11. Damped Vibrations 16.11.1. Expression for displecement for over-damped, under-damped and critical-damped system Solved Problems 16.9-16.11 Pages Chapters 1 6.12. Logarithmic Decrement Solved Problems 16.12-16.16 1 6.13. Forced-Damped Vibrations 16.14. Magnification Factor Solved Problems 16.17-16.20 1 6.15. Vibration Isolation and Transmissibility Solved Problems 16.21-16.22 Highlights Exercise-16 �orsional Vibrations 17.1. Introduction 17.2. Natural Frequency ofFree Torsional Vibrations Solved Problem 17.1 17.3. Effect ofInertia ofShaft on Torsional Vibrations 17.4. Free Torsional Vibrations ofa Single Rotor System 17.5. Free Torsional Vibrations ofa Two Rotor System 17. 6. Free Torsional Vibrations ofa Three Rotor System 17.7. Torsionally Equivalent Shaft ms Solved Problems 17.2-17.6 Free Torsional Vibrations ofa Geared System Solved Problems 17.7-17.9 Highlights Exercise-17 18.1. Introduction 18.2. Types ofFollowers 18.3. Nomenclatures for Cam Profile 18.4. Motions ofthe Follower 18.5. Uniform Motion or UniformVelocity ofa Follower 18.6. Simple Harmonic Motion ofFollower 18.7. Uniform Acceleration and Uniform Retardation 18.8. Cycloidal Motion 18.9. Cam Profile Construction Solved Problems 18.1-18.4 18.10. Cam Profile for Roller Followers Solved Problems 18.5-18.10 18.11. Cams with Specified Contours 18.12. Circular Arc Cam with Flat-faced Follower Solved Problems 18.11-18.12 18.13. Tangent Cam with Roller-follower Solved Problem 18.13 Highlights Exercise-18 19. Computer-Aided Analysis ofMechanisms 19.1. Introduction 19.2. Coupler Curve 19.3. Coupler Curve for Slider Crank Chain Pages Chapters 19.3.1. Computer programme for coupler curve in FORTRAN 19.3.2. Computer programme for coupler curve for reciprocating engine mechanism in C++ Problem 19.1 19.4. Coupler Curve for Four Bar Kinematic Chain 19.4.1. Computer programme for coupler curve in FORTRAN 19.4.2. Computer programme for coupler curve for four bar kinematic chain in C++ Problem 19.2 19.5. Computer-Aided Analysis ofMechanism 19.6. Computer-Aided Analysis ofSlider Crank Mechanism 19.6.1. Expression for displacement 19.6.2. Expression for velocity 19.6.3. Expression for acceleration 19.7. Computer Programme for a Slider Crank Mechanism in FORTRAN 19.7.1. Computer programme for a slider crank mechanism in C++ Problem 19.3 19.8. Computer Aided Analysis ofFour Bar Kinematic Chain 19.8.1. Expression for displacement 19.8.2. Expression for velocity 19.8.3. Expression for acceleration 19.9. Computer Programme for a Four Bar Kinematic Chain Problem 19.4 \ ~ /Exercise-19 1 �thesis of M;echanism 20.1. Introduction 20.1.1. Number synthesis 20.2. Degrees ofFreedom ofa Planar Kinematic Chain (Griibler Criterion) 20.2.1. Minimum number ofbinary links in a constrained mechanism with simple hinges 20.2.2. Fully constrained motion ofa kinematic chain 20.3. Dimensional Synthesi3 20.3.1. Graphical method 20.3.2. Analytical method Problems 20.1-20.2 20.4. Mechanisms for Position Guidance 20.5. Summary Highlights Exercise-20 �yroscopic Effects and Gyroscope 21.1. Introduction 21.2. Spinning and Precession 21.3. Gyroscopic Couple Problems 21.1-21.5 2:J..4. Effect ofGyroscopic Couple on the Stability ofAutomotive Vehicles 21.4.1. Stability offour wheelers Problems 21.6-21.9 Pages Chapters 21.4.2. Stability of two wheelers Problem 21.10 21.5. Gyroscopic Effects on Ships and Aeroplanes 21.5.1. Gyroscopic effects on Ships 21.5.2. Gyroscopic effects on aeroplanes 21.6. Gyroscopic Analysis of Grinding Mill 21.7. Gyroscope Problems 21.11-21.13 Exercise-21 Objective Type Questions Index Pages 1066 1068 1069 1069 1070 1070 1072 1072 1077 ... 1079-1126 ... 1127-1131 ·Subject Index A _ Absorption dynamometers, 378 Acceleration, 33 Acceleration diagram for a link, 129 - for a slider crank mechanism, 130 Ackerman steering gear, 192 Addendum, 399 Addendum circle, 399 Angle of friction, 210 - repose, 217 Angular displacement, 35 Angular momentum, 39 Angular velocity, 35 Angular acceleration, 35 Arc of contact ofa gear, 410 length of, 409 - recess of a gear, 409 B Balancing of rotating masses, 658 Balancing of reciprocating masses, 704 Band brake, simple, 340 - and block brake, 357 Belt drive, 284 - velocity ratio of, 285 - transmission dynamometers, 381 Bennett's construction, 547 Bevel gears, 397 Bevis-Gibson flash light torsion dynamometer, 385 Binary joint, 8 Binary link, 9 Brakes, 331 Braking of a vehicle, 370 c Cams, 928 Cam profile construction, 944 Cam profile for roller followers, 954 Cams with specified contours, 968 Centrifugal force, 39 - governors, 759 - tension, 305 Chain drives, 284, 326 Circular arc cam with a flat-faced follower, 968 - pitch, 399 Clearance, 400 Co-efficient of fluctuation of energy, 611 friction, 210 - speed, 612 - restitution, 56 Compound belt drive, 292 Compound gear train, 451 Compound epicyclic gear train, 497 Completely constrained motion, 7 Computer-Aided analysis of Mechanism, 992 Cone of friction, 211 Cone clutch, 267 Conical pivot, 242 Construction of cam profiles, 944 Controlling force, 808 Coriolis acceleration, 143 Coupled locomotives, 724 Coupler curve, 992 - for four bar mechanism, 993 - for slider crank mechanism 992 Crank and lever mechanism, 12 Crank effort, 555 Creep ofbelt, 289 Critical damping, 855 Critical speed, 849 Cross-belt drive, 291 - length of, 296 Cross by indicator, 185 Cycloidal motion, 941 Cycloidal teeth, 404 D _ D'Alembert's principle, 523 Damped vibrations, 858 Damping factor or ratio, 857 Davis steering gear, 189 Dedendum, 399 Dedendum circle, 399 Degrees offreedom, 4 - of a planer kinematic chain, 1003 Design of spur gears, 434 Diametral pitch, 399 Differential equation of simple harmonic motion, 67 Differential band brake, 348 Differential gear of an automobile, 511 Dimensions of the flywheel rim, 639 1 1271 128 Dimensional synthesis, 1006 - Analytical method, 1011 - Graphical method, 1006 Direct cranks, 741 Disc clutches, 253 Displacement, 33 Displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams when follower moves with uniform velocity, 931 with simple harmonic motion, 934 with uniform acceleration and retardation, 937 with cycloidal motion, 941 Double block or shoe brake, 340 crank mechanism, 18 Hooke's joint, 205 lever mechanism, 18 slider crank chain, 18 Dry friction, 213 Dunkerley's method, 846 Dynamics, 1 Dynamometers, 331, 378 Dynamometer, 378 absorption type, 378 - transmission type, 381 E _ Effect ofgyroscopic couple - on automotive vehicles, 1030 - on ships and aeroplane, 1054 Efficiency screw jack, 231 Efficiency of spiral gears, 436 Effort of a governor, 804 Elliptical trammel, 18 Energy, 43 Energy Method, 833, 845 Epicyclic gear train, 452 - torques in, 485 - train dynamometer, 381 Epicyclic gear train with Bevel Gear, 501 Equivalent dynamical system, 572 Exact straight line motion mechanisms made up of turning pairs, 171 - consiating of one sliding pain, 176 F _ Face of the tooth, 399 Film friction, 212 Flank ofthe tooth, 400 Flash light torsion dynamometer, 386 Flat belt, 3 16 - collar, 248 - pivot, 238 Fluctuation of energy, 610 - speed, 610 Flywheel, 613 - energy stored in, 613 THEORY OF MACHINES rim dimensions of, 639 in punching press, 645 Force, 39 - acting along a connecting rod, 549 - on reciprocating parts of an engine, 548 Forced vibrations, 869 Forms of teeth, 404 Four bar chain, 11 Free vibrations, 830 - types of, 829 Frequency, 826 Free torsional vibrations ofsinglerotorsystem, 897 oftwo rotor system, 898 - of three rotor system, 900 - of geared system, 914 Friction ofpivot and collar bearing, 239 Friction circle, 276 Friction clutches, 255 Friction wheels, 394 G Gears, 394 Gear ratio, 400 Gear train, 450 simple, 450 compound, 450 Reverted, 451 Epicylic, 451 Governors, 758 Hartnell, 784 Porter, 763 Proell, 778 Watt, 760 Wilson-Hartnell, 797 effort and power, 804 types of, 758 Grasshopper mechanism, 178 Greasy friction, 212 Grubler's equation, 10 Grubler criterion, 1003 Gyroscopic effects and Gyroscope, 1022 Gyroscopic couple, 1022 Gyroscopic effects on aeroplanes, 1055 - on ships, 1054 Gyroscopic analysis of Grinoling Mill, 1055 Gyroscope, 1057 H _ Hartung governor, 758 Hammer blow, 711 Hartnell governor, 784 Hart's mechanism, 174 Helical gears, 396 Helix angle, 433INDEX Herringbone gears, 397 Higher pair, 3 Hooke's joint, 193 Humpage's gear, 511 Hunting ofgovernors, 803 ! _ Impulse, 54 Impulsive force, 54 Incompletely constrained motion, 7 Inertia forces in reciprocating parts of an engine, 523 Initial tension in the belt, 312 Instantaneous centre method, 87 - centre of rotation, 88 Instantaneous centre, 96 Instantaneous method, 87 Insensitiveness of Governor, 816 Interference in involute gears, 415 Internal expanding brake, 362 Inversion of mechanism, 11 four bar chain, 12 - of single slider crank chain, 14 - of double slider crank chain, 18 Involute teeth, 407 Isochronous governors, 803 K _ Kennedy Theorem, 99 Kinetic energy, 43 Kinematics, 1 Kinematic chain, 5 - pair, 2 Klien's construction, 536 L _ Law of conservation of energy, 53 - momentum, 55 .,, Laws of dry friction, 213 Low of gearing, 402 Length of cross belt drive, 296 of open belt drive, 294 - of arc of contact, 410 - of path of contact, 409 Limiting friction, 210 - angle of friction, 211 Link, 2 Linear acceleration, 33 - displacement, 33 - velocity, 33 Location of instantaneous centres, 97 Logarithmic decrement, 863 Longitudinal vibrations, 829 - natural frequency of, 831 1 129 Loss of kinetic energy during elastic impact, 60 Lower pair, 3 M Machine, 2 Magnification factor, 875 Mass, 38 - moment of inertia, 40 Maximum efficiency of a screw jack, 232 - fluctuation of energy, 610 - fluctuation of speed, 610 Maximum and minimum speeds of the driving shaft, 197 Mechanical advantage, 121 Mechanism, 2 Mechanism for position guidance, 1020 Method of direct and reverse crank, 741 Minimum no. ofteeth on the pinion in order to avoid interference, 422 - for involute rack, 431 - on wheel, 424 Modified Scott-Russel mechanism, 177 Module, 399 Motion of follower, 931 Motion of Rotation, 87 - Translation, 87 Multiple disc clutch, 266 N _ Natural frequency of free longitudinal vibrations, 831 - transverse vibrations, 835 Nomenclatures for cam profile, 930 - torsional vibrations, 895 Number of degrees of freedom for plane mechanisms, 9 Number synthesis, 1003 o _ Oldham's coupling, 20 Open belt drive, 285 - length of, 294 Oscillating cylinder engine, 16 Over-damping, 855 P _ Pantograph, 170 Partial balancing of locomotives, 708 Partial Balancing ofprimary force, 706 Path of approach, 400 - contact, 400 - recess, 400 Path of contact length of, 409 Peaucellier mechanism,· 173 Period of vibration, 8301 1 30 Periodic time, 830 Pickering governor, 759 Pinion, 400 Pitch diameter, 398 Pitch point, 398 Plate clutches, 2153 Porter governor, 763 Potential energy, 43 Power, 42 - of a governor, 804 - transmitted by a belt, 303 Precession and spinning, 1022 Pressure angle, 400 Pressure line, 400 Principle of conservation of energy, 57 - momentum, 60 Proell governor, 778 Profile, 400 Prony brake dynamometer, 378 Q Quaternary joint, 8 Quaternary link, 9 R Rack, 400 Radial engines, balancing of, 741 Radius of gyration, 40 Ratio of.angular velocities, 195 - belt tensions, 301 Rayleigh's method, 834 Relative velocity method, 104 Restitution, co-efficient of, 56 Reverse cranks, 741 Reverted gear train, 451 Ritte·rha-gs's construction, 545 Robert's mechanism; 180 Rolling pair, 4 Rope drive, 284, 318 · - ratios of driving tensions for, 319 - brake dynamometer, 379 Rotary engine, 16 Rubbing velocity at a pin joint; 110 s Scott Russell's mechanism, 176 - modified, 177 Screw tread friction, 225 Screw jack, 226 Screw pair, 4 Scotch yoke mechanism, 20 Sensitiveness of governors, 803 Simple shoe brake, 331 · harmonic motion, 65, 934 ._ pendulum, 74 - gear train, 450 Simplex indicator, l83 THEORY OF MACHINES Single block or shoe brake, &31 - disc clutch, 253 Single slider crank mechanism, 13 Sliding friction, 212 - pair, 3 Slip of belt, 287 Solid friction, laws of, 212 Spherical pair, 4 Spinning and precession, 1022 Spiral gears, 434 - centre distance for a pair of, 434 - · efficiency of, 436 Spur gear, 396 Stability of governors, 803 - offour wheelers, 1031 - of two wheelers, 1051 Statics, 1 Steering gears, 190 Straight line mechanism, 171 - con"sisting ofone sliding pair, 176 - made up ofturning pairs, 171 Strain energy, 43 Structure, 6 Successfully constrained motion, 7 Sun and planet wheel, 479 Swaying couple, 710 Synthesis of mechanism, 1003 System of gear teeth, 409 T Tangent cam with roller follower, 977 Tchebichefe's mechanism, 178 Ternary joint, 8 Ternary link, 9 Thompson indicator, 186 Three centres-in-line Theorem, 99 Thrust on the sides of the cylinder walls, 550 - on crankshaft bearings, 550 Time period, 830 Torque, 41 - on the crank shaft, 548 - in epicyclic gear trains, 486 Torsion dynamometer, 384 Torsional pendulum, 80 - vibrations, 894 Torsionally equivalent shaft, 903 Transmissibility, 882 Transverse vibrations, 829 Trifilar suspension, 80 Truneated conical pivot, 242 Turning pair, 4 Tu•ning moment diagram, 605INDEX for different types of engines, 605 Types ofvibrations, 829 gear train, 450 followers, 928 brakes, 331 u _..., Under damping, 855 Universal joint, 193 Unstable governor, 813 v _ Variation oftractive force, 709 V-belt, 318 - drive, 318 - V-Engines, balancing, 748 Velocity, 33 Velocity ratio ofgear trains, 453 - simple gear train, 454 compound gear train, 459 Reverted gear train, 462 Epicyclic gear train, 463 Velocity of sliding, 404 Vibration isolation, 882 Viscous damping, 849 Viscous friction, 211 1 1 3 1 w Watt's straight line mechanism, 176 Watt governor, 760 Weight, 38 Whirling speed, 849 Whitworth's quick return motion mechanism, 14 Wilson Hartnell governor, 797· Work, 41
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