كتاب Plastics Materials

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Plastics Materials
Seventh Edition
J. A. Bryd
Former Head of the Department of Physical Sciences and Technology,
Polytechnic of North London (now known as the University of North London

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Contents
Preface to the Seventh Edition
Preface to the First Edition
Acknowledgements for the Seventh Edition
Abbreviations for Plastics and Rubbers
The Historical Development of Plastics Materials
Natural Plastics
Parkesine and Celluloid
Developments since
Raw Materials for Plastics
The Market for Plastics
The Future for Plastics
The Evolution of the Vinyl Plastics
The Chemical Nature of Plastics
Introduction
Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Behaviour
Further Consideration of Addition Polymerisation
Ionic polymerisation
Ziegler-Natta and metallocene polymerisation
Elementary kinetics of free-radical addition polymerisation
Condensation Polymerisation
States of Aggregation in Polymers
Introduction
Linear Amorphous Polymers
Crystalline Polymers
Orientation and crystallisation
Liquid crystal polymers
Orientation in linear amorphous polymers
Cross-linked Structures
Polyblends
Summary
Vvi Contents
Relation of Structure to Thermal and Mechanical Properties
Introduction
Factors Affecting the Glass Transition Temperature
Factors Affecting the Ability to Crystallise
Factors Affecting the Crystalline Melting Point
Some Individual Properties
Melt viscosity
Yield strength and modulus
Density
Impact strength
Relation of Structure to Chemical Properties
Introduction
Chemical Bonds
Polymer Solubility
Plasticisers
Extenders
Determination of solubility parameter
Thermodynamics and solubility
Effects of Thermal, Photochemical and High-energy Radiation
Chemical Reactivity
Aging and Weathering
Diffusion and Permeability
Toxicity
Fire and Plastics
Relation of Structure to Electrical and Optical Properties
Introduction
Electronic Applications of Polymers
Electrically Conductive Polymers
Optical Properties
Appendix-Electrical Testing
Dielectric Constant, Power Factor and Structure
Some Quantitative Relationships of Dielectrics
Additives for Plastics
Introduction
Fillers
Coupling agents
Plasticisers and Softeners
Lubricants and Flow Promoters
Anti-aging Additives
Antioxidants
Antiozonants
Stabilisers against dehydrochlorination
Ultraviolet absorbers and related materials
Flame Retarders
Colorants
Blowing Agents
Cross-linking Agents
Photodegradants
-Oxazolines
Contents vii
Principles of the Processing of Plastics
Introduction
Melt Processing of Thermoplastics
Hygroscopic behaviour
Granule characteristics
Thermal stability
Flow properties
. Terminology
. Effect of environmental and molecular factors
on viscous flow properties
. Flow in an injection mould
. Elastic effects in polymer melts
Thermal properties affecting cooling
Crystallisation
Orientation and shrinkage
Melt Processing of Thermosetting Plastics
Processing in the Rubbery State
Solution, Suspension and Casting Processes
Thermal properties influencing polymer melting
Summary
Principles of Product Design
Introduction
Rigidity of Plastics Materials
The assessment of maximum service temperature
. Assessment of thermal stability
. Assessment of softening point
The assessment of impact strength
Toughness
Stress-Strain-Time Behaviour
The WLF equations
Creep curves
Recovery from Deformation
Distortion, Voids and Frozen-in Stress
Conclusions
Practical assessment of long-term behaviour
Polyethylene
Introduction
Preparation of Monomer
Polymerisation
High-pressure polymerisation
Ziegler processes
The Phillips process
Standard Oil Company (Indiana) process
Processes for making linear low-density polyethylene and
metallocene polyethylene
Structure and Properties of Polyethylene
Mechanical properties
Thermal properties
Chemical properties
Electrical properties
Properties of metallocene-catalysed polyethylenes
Properties of Polyethylene
Properties of LLDPE and VLDPE
viii Contents
Additives
Processing
Cross-linked Polyethylene
Chlorinated Polyethylene
Applications
Polyethylenes of Low and High Molecular Weight
Aliphatic Polyolefins other than Polyethylene, and Diene Rubbers
Polypropylene
Preparation of polypropylene
Properties of isotactic polypropylene
Additives for isotactic polypropylene
Processing characteristics
Applications
Atactic and syndiotactic polypropylene
Chlorinated polypropylene
Atactic polybut- -ene
Structure and properties of polypropylene
Polybut- -ene
Polyisobutylene
Poly-( -methylpent-l-ene)
Structure and properties
General properties
Processing
Applications
Other Aliphatic Olefin Homopolymers
Copolymers Containing Ethylene
Ethylene-cyclo-olefin copolymers
Diene Rubbers
Ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymers (ECO)
Natural rubber
Synthetic polyisoprene (IR)
Polybutadiene
Styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR)
. ‘High styrene resins’
Nitrile rubber (NBR)
Chloroprene rubbers (CR)
Butadiene-pentadiene rubbers
Thermoplastic Diene Rubbers
Aliphatic Olefin Rubbers
Rubbery Cyclo-olefin (Cyclo-alkene) Polymers
Thermoplastic polyolefin rubbers
. Aliphatic polyalkenamers
. Polynorbomene
. Chlorine-containing copolymers
, -Polybutadiene
.I Ethylene-styrene copolymers
Other elastomers
Vinyl Chloride Polymers
Introduction
Preparation of Vinyl Chloride
Polymerisation
Structure of Poly(viny chloride)
Characterisation of commercial polymers
Compounding Ingredients
Stabilisers
Plasticisers
Extenders
Lubricants
Fillers
Pigments

Miscellaneous additives
Formulations
Properties of PVC Compounds
Processing
Plasticised PVC
Unplasticised PVC
Pastes
Copolymers
Latices
Applications
Miscellaneous Products
Crystalline PVC
Chlorinated PVC
Graft polymers based on PVC
Vinyl chloride-propylene copolymers
Vinyl chloride-N-cyclohexylmaleimide copolymers
Polymeric impact modifiers and processing aids
Fluorine-containing Polymers
Introduction
Polytetrafluoroethylene
I Preparation of monomer
Polymerisation
Structure and properties
General properties
Processing
Additives
Applications
Tetrafluoroethylene-Hexafluoropropylene Copolymers
Tetrafluoroethylene-Ethylene Copolymers (ETFE)
Polychlorotrifluoroethylene Polymers (PCTFE)
Poly(viny fluoride) (PVF)
Poly(viny idene fluoride)

Hexafluoroisobutylene-Vinylidene Fluoride Copolymers
Fluorine-containing Rubbers
Thermoplastic fluoroelastomers
Miscellaneous Fluoropolymers
Poly(viny acetate) and its Derivatives
Introduction
Poly(viny acetate)
and Copolymers with Ethylene (ECTFE)
Other Plastics Materials Containing Tetrafluoroethylene

Preparation of the monomer
Polymerisation
Properties and uses
Structure and properties
Applications
Poly(viny alcohol)
Contents ix
x Contents
The Poly(viny acetals)
Poly(viny formal)
Poly(viny acetal)
Poly(viny butyral)
Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol Copolymers
Poly(viny cinnamate)
Other Organic Vinyl Ester Polymers
Acrylic Plastics
Introduction
Poly(methy methacrylate)
Preparation of monomer
Polymerisation
Structure and properties

Additives
Processing
Applications
Methyl Methacrylate Polymers with Enhanced Impact
Resistance and Softening Point
Nitrile Resins
Acrylate Rubbers
Thermosetting Acrylic Polymers
Acrylic Adhesives
Hydrophilic Polymers
Poly(methacry imide)
Miscellaneous Methacrylate and Chloroacrylate Polymers
and Copolymers
Other Acrylic Polymers
General properties of poly(methy methacrylate)
Plastics Based on Styrene
Introduction
Preparation of the Monomer
Laboratory preparation
Commercial preparation
Polymerisation
Mass polymerisation
Solution polymerisation
Suspension polymerisation
Emulsion polymerisation
Grades available
Properties and Structure of Polystyrene
General Properties
High-impact Polystyrenes (HIPS) (Toughened Polystyrenes (TPS))
Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymers
ABS Plastics
Production of ABS materials
Processing of ABS materials

Miscellaneous Rubber-modified Styrene- Acrylonitrile
and Related Copolymers
Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymers
Butadiene-Styrene Block Copolymers
Miscellaneous Polymers and Copolymers
Stereoregular Polystyrene
. Syndiotactic polystyrene
Properties and applications of ABS plastics
Contents xi
Processing of Polystyrene
Expanded Polystyrene
. Structural foams
Oriented Polystyrene
Applications
Miscellaneous Vinyl Thermoplastics
Introduction
Vinylidene Chloride Polymers and Copolymers

Vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymers
Properties and applications of vinylidene chloride-vinyl
chloride copolymers
Coumarone-Indene resins
Poly(viny carbazole)
Poly(viny pyrrolidone)
Poly(viny ethers)
Other Vinyl Polymers
Polyamides and Polyimides
Polyamides: Introduction
Intermediates for Aliphatic Polyamides
Adipic acid
Hexamethylenediamine

Caprolactam
w-Aminoundecanoic acid
w-Aminoenanthic acid
Dodecanelactam
Polymerisation of Aliphatic Polyamides

Nylon
Nylon
Nylon
Nylon
Structure and Properties of Aliphatic Polyamides
General Properties of the Nylons
Additives
Glass-filled Nylons

Processing of the Nylons
Applications
Polyamides of Enhanced Solubility
Other Aliphatic Polyamides
Aromatic Polyamides
. Glass-clear polyamides
. Crystalline aromatic polyamides
Sebacic acid and Azelaic acid
Nylons , and
Comparison of nylons and in glass-filled compositions
. Poly-rn-xylylene adipamide
. Aromatic polyamide fibres
. Polyphthalamide plastics
Polyimides
Modified Polyimides
. Polyamide-imides
. Polyetherimides
Elastomeric Polyamides
Polyesteramides- xii Contents
Polyacetals and Related Materials
Introduction
Preparation of Formaldehyde
Acetal Resins
Polymerisation of formaldehyde

Properties of acetal resins
Processing
Additives
Acetal-polyurethane alloys

Polyethers from Glycols and Alkylene Oxides
Elastomeric polyethers
Structure and properties of acetal resins
Applications of the acetal polymers and copolymers
Miscellaneous Aldehyde Polymers

Oxetane Polymers
Polysulphides
Introduction
Production of Intermediates
Polymer Preparation
Polycarbonates
Ester exchange
Phosgenation process
Relation of Structure and Properties
Variations in commercial grades

General Properties
Processing Characteristics
Miscellaneous Carbonic Ester Polymers
Other Thermoplastics Containing p-Phenylene Groups
Applications of Bis-phenol A Polycarbonates
Alloys based on Bis-phenol A Polycarbonates
Polyester Carbonates and Block Copolymers
Introduction
Polyphenylenes
Pol y-p-xylylene
Poly(pheny ene oxides) and Halogenated Derivatives
Alkyl Substituted Poly(pheny ene oxides) including PPO
Structure and properties of

Styrenic PPOs
Processing of styrenic PPOs
Polyamide PPOs
Poly( , -dibromo-l, -phenyleneoxide)
Polyphenylene Sulphides
Amorphous polyarylene sulphides
Pol ysulphones

General properties of polysulphones
Processing of polysulphones
Applications
Blends based on polysulphones
Polyarylether Ketones
Phenoxy Resins
Linear Aromatic Polyesters
poly-( , -dimethyl-p-phenyleneoxide) (PPO)
Processing and application of PPO
Blends based in polyphenylene oxides
Properties and structure of polysulphones
Contents xiii
Polyhydantoin Resins
Poly(parabanicacids)
Summary
Cellulose Plastics

Cellulose Esters
Nature and Occurrence of Cellulose
Cellulose nitrate
Cellulose acetate
Other cellulose esters
Ethyl cellulose
Miscellaneous ethers
Cellulose Ethers
Regenerated Cellulose
Vulcanised Fibre
Phenolic Resins
Introduction
Raw Materials
Phenol
Other phenols
Aldehydes
Chemical Aspects
Novolaks
Resols
Resin Manufacture
Moulding Powders
Compounding ingredients
Compoundingof phenol-formaldehyde moulding compositions
Processing characteristics
Properties of phenolic mouldings
Applications

The properties of phenolic laminates
Applications of phenolic laminates
MiscellaneousApplications
Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Adhesives

Friedel-Crafts and Related Polymers

Phenolic Resin Fibres
Polybenzoxazines
Aminoplastics

Introduction

Urea-Formaldehyde Resins

Raw materials
Theories of resinification
U-F moulding materials

Adhesives and related uses
Foams and firelighters
Other applications

Melamine
Resinification
Moulding powders
Laminates containing melamine-formaldehyde resin
Miscellaneous applications
Hardening
Phenolic Laminates
Melamine-Formaldehyde Resinsxiv Contents
Melamine-Phenolic Resins
Aniline-Formaldehyde Resins
Resins Containing Thiourea
Polyesters
Introduction
Unsaturated Polyester Laminating Resins
Selection of raw materials
Production of resins
Curing systems
Structure and properties
Polyester-glass fibre laminates
Water-extended polyesters
Allyl resins
Polyester Moulding Compositions
Fibre-forming and Film-forming Polyesters
Poly(ethy ene terephthalate) Moulding Materials
Poly(ethy ene naphthalate) (PEN)
Poly(buty ene terephthalate)
Poly(trimethy ene terephthalate)
Poly-( , -~yclohexylenedimethyleneterephthalate) (PCT)
Poly-( , -~yclohexylenedimethyleneterephthalateco-isophthalate)
Highly Aromatic Linear Polyesters
Liquid crystal polyesters
Polyester Thermoplastic Elastomers
Poly(pivalo actone)
Polycaprolactones
Surface Coatings, Plasticisers and Rubbers
Epoxide Resins
Introduction
Preparation of Resins from Bis-phenol A
Curing of Glycidyl Ether Resins
Amine hardening systems
Acid hardening systems
Miscelfaneous hardener systems
Comparison of hardening systems
Miscellaneous glycidyl ether resins
Non-glycidyl ether epoxides
Diluents, Flexibilisers and other Additives
Structure and Properties of Cured Resins
Miscellaneous Epoxide Resins
Applications
Introduction
Isocyanates

Rubbers
Polyurethanes and Polyisocyanurates
Fibres and Crystalline Moulding Compounds
Cast polyurethane rubbers
Millable gums
Properties and applications of cross-linked polyurethane
rubbers
Thermoplastic polyurethane rubbers and Spandex fibres
Flexible Foams
One-shot polyester foams
Polyether prepolymers
Contents xv
Quasi-prepolymer polyether foams
Polyether one-shot foams
Properties and applications of flexible foams
Self-skinning foams and the RIM process
Rigid and Semi-rigid Foams
Coatings and Adhesives
Polyisocyanurates
Polycarbodi-imide Resins
Polyurethane-Acrylic Blends
Miscellaneous Isocyanate-Based Materials
Furan Resins
Introduction
Preparation of Intermediates
Resinification

Applications
Properties of the Cured Resins
Silicones and Other Heat-resisting Polymers
Introduction
Nomenclature

The Grignard method
The direct process
The olefin addition method
Sodium condensation method
Rearrangement of organochlorosilanes
General Methods of Preparation and Properties of Silicones
Preparation
General properties
Applications
Preparation
Properties
Applications
Dimethylsilicone rubbers
Modified polydimethylsiloxane rubbers
Compounding
Fabrication and cross-linking
Properties and applications
Liquid silicone rubbers
Polysiloxane-polyetherimide copolymers
Polymers for use at High Temperatures
Fluorine-containing polymers
Inorganic polymers
Cross-linked organic polymers
Co-ordination polymers
Summary
Nature of chemical bonds containing silicon
Preparation of Intermediates

Silicone Fluids
Silicone Resins
Silicone Rubbers

Linear polymers with p-phenylene groups and
other ring structures
Ladder polymers and spiro polymers
xvi Contents
Miscellaneous Plastics Materials
Introduction
Casein
Chemical nature
Isolation of casein from milk
Production of casein plastics
Properties of casein
Applications
Miscellaneous Protein Plastics
Derivatives of Natural Rubber

Shellac
Gutta Percha and Related Materials
Occurrence and preparation
Chemical composition
Properties
Applications
Composition and properties
Amber
Bituminous Plastics
Selected Functional Polymers
Introduction
Thermoplastic Elastomers

Polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate copolymers (PHBV)

Intrinsically Electrically Conducting Polymers (ICPs)
Applications of thermoplastic elastomers
The future for thermoplastic elastomers
Degradable Plastics
The future for degradable plastics

Material Selection
Introduction
Establishing Operational Requirements

Material Data Sources
Economic Factors Affecting Material Choice
Computer-aided selection
A Simple Mechanistic Non-computer Selection System
A Simple Pathway-based Non-computer Selection System
Appendix
Index
Index
ABS plastics, -
processing, -
production, -
properties and applications,

ABSPVC blends,
Acetal-polyurethane alloys,
Acetal resins, - , -
additives, -
applications, -
electrical insulation properties,
mechanical properties, -
polymerisation of formaldehyde, -
processing, -
structure and properties, -
thermal properties, -
Acetone,
Acetylene,
Acetyl tributyl citrate,
Achieve range,
Acid hardening systems, -
Acrilan,
Acry-ace,
Acrylate rubbers, -
Acrylic plastics, -
acrylate rubbers, -
acrylic adhesives, -
chloroacrylate polymers and copolymers,
hydrophilic polymers,
methacrylate and chloroacrylate polymers
methacrylate polymers and copolymers, -
nitrile resins, -
poly(methacrylimide), -
poly(methy methacrylate), -
thermosetting acrylic polymers, -
-
and copolymers, -
Acryloid,
Acrylonitrile,
Acsium,
Activators,
Acyclic aliphatic resins, -
Addition polymerisation, -
see Polymerisation, addition
Additive method,
Additives. -
acetal resins, -
anti-aging, - ,
antistatic,
blowing agents, - ,
colorants, - ,
coupling agents, -
cross-linking agents, -
epoxide resins, -
fillers, - ,
flame retarders, - , - ,
flow promoters, -
fungicides,
heat stabilisers,
isotactic polypropylene, G I
light stabilisers,
lubricants, - ,
nucleating agents,
-Oxazolines, -
photodegradants, -
plasticisers, - ,
polish,
polyamides, -
polyethylene, -
poly(methy methacrylate),
polypropylene, -
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), -
poly(viny chloride),
reinforcing fillers,
softeners, - ,
structure control,
see also under specific types
,
Index
Adhesives:
acrylic, -
hot setting,
polyurethane,
resorcinol-formaldehyde,
urea-formaldehyde resins, -
Adipic acid,
Adiprene C. ,
Aerodux,
Aflas,
Aflon,
Aggregation states, -
AFT- ,
cross-linked structures, -
crystalline polymers, -
linear amorphous polymers, -
polyblends, -
Aging,
Agriculture,
Air-dried sheet (ADS),
Alcoholysis,
Alcryn,
Aldehydes,
Algoflan,
Aliphatic hydrocarbons,
Aliphatic olefin rubbers, -
Aliphatic polyalkenamers, -
Aliphatic polyamides, -
thermoplastic polyolefin rubbers, -
adipic acid,
w-aminoenanthic acid, -
w-aminoundecanoic acid,
azelaic acid, -
caprolactam, -
dodecanelactam, -
hexamethylenediamine,
intermediates for, -
polymerisation, -
sebacic acid, -
structure and properties, -
aliphatic olefin rubbers, -
copolymers containing ethylene, -
diene rubbers, -
poly-( -methylpent- -me), -
polybut-l-ene, -
I , -polybutadiene,
polyisobutylene, -
polypropylene, -
rubbery cyclo-olefin (cyclo-akene)
thermoplastic diene rubbers, -
see also Polyethylene
Aliphatic polyolefins, -
polymers, -
Alkali metals,
Alkon,
Alkyd moulding compositions, -
N-Alkyl compounds,
Alkyl, -cyanoacrylate,
Alkylene oxides, -
n-Alkyl groups,
Alkyl lithium,
Allyl resins, -
Alphanol,
Alternating copolymers,
Aluminium chloride,
Aluminium hydroxide,
Aluminium stearate,
Aluminium triethyl,
Amber, -
Ambroid,
Amine flexibilisers, -
Amine hardening systems, - ,
Amines,
Aminocrotonates,
w-Aminoenanthic acid, -
Aminoplastics, -
composition and properties, -
aniline-formaldehyde resins, -
melamine-formaldehyde resins, -
melamine-phenolic resins,
thiourea resins, -
urea-formaldehyde resins, -
w-Aminoundecanoic acid,
Amorphous density,
Amorphous non-polar polymers,
Amorphous polar polymers,
Amorphous polyarylene sulphides,
Amorphous polymers,
cooling rates, -
density,
elastic moduli, -
glass transition temperature, - ,
impact strength, -
linear, -
orientation, -
optical properties,
solubility,
yield strength, -
Amorphous resins,
Anaerobic acrylic adhesives,
Aniline-formaldehyde resins, -
Anisotropic behaviour,
Anti-aging additives, - ,
antioxidants, -
antiozonants,
stabilisers against dehydrochlorination,
ultraviolet absorbers and related materials,
-
Anti-blocking agents,
Antimony oxide, - ,
Antioxidants, - , - ,
chain-breaking, -
in polypropylene,
preventive,
Antiozonants,
Antiplasticisation,
APE,
Apec HT,
Applications:
ABS plastics,
acetal resins, -
his-phenol A polycarbonates, -
casein,
cellulose acetate, - Index
cellulose nitrate,
epoxide resins, -
flexible foams, -
furan resins, -
isotactic polypropylene, -
melamine-formaldehyde resins, -
nylons, - ,
phenol-formaldehyde moulding powder,
phenolic laminates, -
phenolic resins, -
polyacetals, -
polyamides, -
poly-( , -dimethyl-p-phenyleneoxide)
(PPO),
polyethylene, - ,
poly(methy methacrylate), -
poly-( -methylpent-l-ene),
polypropylene, - , -
polysulphones, -
polytetrafluoroethylene, -
polyurethane rubbers, -
poly(viny alcohol),
poly(viny chloride) (PVC), -
shellac, -
silicone fluids, -
silicone resins, -
silicone rubbers, -
styrene-based plastics, -
styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR),
thermoplastic elastomers, -
urea-formaldehyde resins, - , -
vinyl chloride polymers, -
-
Aramid fibres, - ,
Arc resistance,
Ardel,
Ardil,
Ametal,
Amite,
Arnitel,
Amite PBTP,
Amite PETP,
Aromatic diamines,
Aromatic polyamide fibres, -
Aromatic polycarbonates,
Aromatic polyester,
Aromatic polyimides,
Arrhenius equation,
Arylef,
Arylon T,
Aryloxa,
Asbestos,
Asphaltites,
A-stage resins, -
Asterite,
ASTM D ,
ASTM D - ,
ASTM D ,
ASTM D ,
ASTM D - ,
ASTM D ,
Astrel,
Atactic structures,
A-Tell,
Auto-acceleration effect,
Automotive industry,
Autoxidation,
Average kinetic chain length,
Azelaic acid, -
Azodi-isobutyronitrile,

B ,
Bakelite,
Balanced process,
Balata,
Barex,
Barytes,
BASF process,
Basic lead carbonate (white lead),
Bayblend,
Baymid,
Baypren,
BDS K-resin,
Bead processes, -
Beckamides,
Bell test,
Benzene,
Benzene rings,
Benzoates,
Benzoyl peroxide,
Benzyl cellulose,
Beta-conidendrol,
Biapen,
Biaxial orientation,
Biaxial stretching,
Binary copolymers,
Biocellat,
Bioceta,
Biodegradable plastics,
Biodegradation, -
Biomax ,
Biopol,
Birefringence methods,
Bis-phenol A polycarbonates, ,

alloys based on, -
applications, -
glass transition temperature,
Bitumen, - , -
Bituminous plastics, -
Biuret links,
Bleeding,
Block copolymers, - ,
-
Blocking,
Blooming,
Blowing agents, - ,
Blow moulding,
Blown film processes,
Blow-up ratio,
Bond bending,
Bond dissociation energies, Index
Bond stretching,
Boron trifluoride,
Bouncing putty,
Branching, -
Brownian motion,
BS, softening point,
BS, flow test,
BS,
B-stage resins, -
Buna N.,
Buna S.,
Burning rate,
Buss Ko-Kneader,
Butachlor,
Butacite,
Buta- , -diene,
Butadiene,
Butadiene-Pentadiene rubbers,
Butadiene-styrene block copolymers, -
Butadiene-styrene resins,
Cadmium-barium systems,
Cadon,
Calcium carbide,
Calcium carbonate,
Calcium oxide,
Calcium silicate,
Calcium stearate,
Calendering,
Camphor,
Campus system,
Capacitance, I
Capacity factor,
Caprolactam, -
Carbanions,
Carbon black,
as conductive filler,
in polyethylene, - ,
as ultraviolet absorber,
Carbon fibres,
Carbonic ester polymers, G
Carbonium ions,
Carbon tetrachloride,
Carbowax,
Carboxyl groups,
Cariflex TR,
Carilon,
Casein, -
applications,
chemical nature, -
isolation from milk, -
production, -
properties, -
Casting processes,
Cast phenolic resins,
Catalysts.
Celanex,
Celanix,
Celcon,
Cellidor B.
Cell nucleating agents,
Cellophane,
Cell stabilisers,
Celluloid, - ,
structure and properties, -
Cellulose,
regenerated, -
Cellulose acetate, - , -
applications, -
biodegradable compounds,
compounding, -
preparation, -
primary,
properties, -
secondary,
Cellulose acetate-butyrate (CAB),
Cellulose acetate-propionate,
Cellulose caprate, -
Cellulose esters, -
cellulose acetate, -
cellulose acetate-butyrate (CAB),
cellulose acetate-propionate,
cellulose caprate, -
cellulose nitrate, -
cellulose propionate,
Cellulose ethers, -
ethyl cellulose, -
Cellulose nitrate, -
applications,
manufacture of celluloid sheets, -
preparation, -
structure and properties of celluloid, -
Cellulose plastics, -
cellulose esters, -
cellulose ethers, -
ethyl cellulose, -
nature and occurrence of cellulose, -
regenerated cellulose,
vulcanised fibre,
Cellulose propionate,
Cellulosics,
Chain branching,
Chain coiling, -
Chain degradation,
Chain ends, -
Chain flexibility,
Chain growth,
Chain mobility,
Chain separation,
Chain stiffness,
Chain transfer,
Chain transfer agents,
Chain uncoiling, - ,
Charpy test, -
Chelating agents,
Chemical blowing agents,
Chemical bonds, -
Chemical nature of plastics, -
addition polymerisation, -
condensation polymerisation,
thermoplastic and thermosetting behaviour,
-
- Index
Chemical properties, -
aging and weathering,
chemical bonds, -
chemical reactivity, -
diffusion and permeability, -
effects of thermal, photochemical and
high-energy radiation, -
fire and plastics, -
polymer solubility, -
toxicity, -
Chemical reactivity, -
Chewing gum,
Chicle,
Chill-roll process,
Chipboard,
Chlorendic anhydride,
Chloroacrylate polymers and copolymers, -
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs),
Chloroform,
Chloroprene rubbers (CR), -
Chlorosulphonated polyethylene (Hypalon), .
Chlorosulphonated polyethylenes,
Clausius-Clapeyron equation,
Clausius-Mosotti equation,
Clays,
Coal tar,
Coatings,
Cobalt naphthenate,
Cocatalysts,
Cohesive energy density,
Coining,
Coke,
Cold cure process,
Cold-drawing process,
Cold flex temperature,
Cold forming,
Cold moulding process,
Collodion,
Colorants, -
Colour-forming groups,
Combustion,
Comonomers,
Composites,

Compression moulding,
- ,
Computer-aided material selection, -
Condensers,
Conduction charge,
Congo red test,
Constant-viscosity rubbers,
Constrained geometry homogeneous catalysts,
,
Contact resins,
Continuous Use Temperature Rating or Index,
Cooling rates, -
Copolymerisation,

with ethylene, -
poly(methy methacrylate), -
butadiene-styrene, -
Copolymers, -
chlorine-containing,
ethylene,
ethylene-acrylic acid,
ethylene-carbon monoxide,
ethylene-ethyl acrylate,
ethylene-styrene, -
ethylene-vinyl alcohol, - ,
hexafluoroisobutylene-vinylidenefluoride,
multiblock,
polychlorotrifluoroethylene,
polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate (PHBV),
poly(viny chloride) (PVC), - ,
styrene-acrylonitrile,
styrene-butadiene,
tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene (ETFE),
tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene,

-
- styrene-maleic anhydride,

, triblock,
vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate,
vinylidene chloride-vinyl acrylonitrile,
vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride, -
Co-ordinate bonds,
Cotton linters,
Coumarone-indene resins, -
Counter-current mixing,
Coupling agents, - I
Covalent bonds,
Cracking,
Crack propagation,
Crastin,
Crazing, -
Creep,
Creep curves, -
Creep-temperature relationships,
Cresols, - ,
Crinothene,
Critical point,
Critical shear rate,
Critical shear stress,
Cross-linked structures, - ,
Cross-linking, - , - ,
cast polyurethane rubbers, -
heat-fugitive,
rate,
silicone rubbers, -
Cross-linking agents, - ,
Crystal densities,
Crystalline aromatic polyamides, -
Crystallinew melting point, -
Crystalline polymers, -
liquid crystal polymers,
orientation and crystallisation, -
Crystallinity,
polyethylene,
Crystallisation, - ,
factors affecting, - ,
Crystallisation rate-temperature curve,
Crystallites,
C-stage resins, - Index
Cumene process,
Cyclic aliphatic resins, -
Cyclohexamone peroxide,
Cyclohexane,
Cycoloy,
Dacron,
Dai-el,
Debye equation,
Decomposition,
Deflection temperature under load test,
Deformation,
Deformation-time curves,
Degradable plastics, - ,
polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate copolymers
(PHBV), -
Degradation,
Degree of substitution,
Dehydrochlorination,
Dehydrochlorination stabilisers,
Dehydrogenation,
Delrin,
Density,
Dentures,
Derakane vinyl esters,
Deretron,
Deroton,
Dexsil,
Diacryl,
Diakon,
Diakon MX,
Diallyl isophthalate (DAIP),
Diallyl phthalate (DAP),
Diamar,
Diamines,
Diaminophenyl sulphone,
Diaphanyl phthalate (DAP),
Diazomethane,
Dibasic acid,
Dibasic lead phosphite,
Dibasic lead phthalate,
Dibasic lead stearate,
Dibenzyl ether,
Dibutyl phthalate,
Dibutyl sebacate (DBS),
Dibutyltin di-iso-octylthioglycollate,
Dibutyltin dilaurate,
Dibutyltin maleate,
Dicumyl peroxide,
Dielectric constant, - ,
Dielectric constant-frequency curve,
Dielectric constant-temperature curve,
Dielectrics, quantitative relationships, -
Dielectric strength.
Diels-Alder reactions,
Diene rubbers, -
butadiene-pentadiene rubbers,
chloroprene rubbers (CR), -
natural rubbers, -
nitrile rubber (NBR), -
ozone degradation,
polybutadiene, -
styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), -
synthetic polyisoprene, -
thermoplastic,
Die swell,
Diethylaminopropylamine,
Diethylenetriamine,
Diethyl hexyl phthalate,
Diethyl phthalate,
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),
Diffusion, -
Diglycidyl ether resins,
Dihalides,
Di-isobutyl phthalate,
Di-isocyanates,
Di-isodecyl phthalate,
Di-iso-octyl phthalate (DIOP),
Dilatancy,
Diluents, -
Dimers,
Dimethacrylates,
Dimethylaminopropylaine,
Dimethyl phthalate (DMP),
Dimethylsilicone rubbers,
DIN,
DIN,
Dinonyl phthalate (DNP),
Dioctyl sebacate (DOS),
Diols,
, -Dioxolane,
Diphenylmethane di-isocyanates, -
Diphenylurea,
Dipole forces,
Dipole moments,
Dipole orientation, -
Dipole polarisation,
Dispersion forces,
Dissipation factor,
Distortion, -
Disubstituted ethylenes,
Ditridecyl phthalate,
Divinylbenzene,
Dodecanelactam, -
Dodecenylsuccinic anhydride,
Dodecyl mercaptan,
Doping, -
Dorlastan,
Dormagen process,
Dough moulding compounds, -
Dow ‘Log’ process,
Dow-Taga process,
Draw-down ratio,
Duracon,
Durel,
Durethan U,
Dyflor,
Dylarc,
Dymotape,
Dynagen XP- ,
Ebonite, -
Ecoflex,
Ekkcel, Index
Ekkcel C- ,
Ekkcel - ,
Ekonol P- ,
Ekonol T- ,
Ektar PCTG,
Elastic deformations,
Elasticity, I
Elastic moduli, -
Elastic turbulence,
Elastomer-modified thermoplastics, see
Electrical insulation properties,
also Thermoplastic elastomers
,
acetal resins,
Electrically conductive polymers,
Electrical properties,
Electrical testing,
Electronegativity values,
Electronic applications of polymers, -
Electron polarisation,
Electrovalent bonds,
Elvanol,
Elvax,
Engel process,
Engineering plastics,
Entanglements,
Enthalpy, -
Entropy,
Entropy change,
Entropy of fusion,
Environmental stress cracking, - ,
EPDM rubbers,
Epichlorhydrin rubbers,
Epoxide resins, -
acyclic aliphatic, -
additives, -
applications, -
curing of glycidyl ether resins, -
cyclic aliphatic, -
diluents, -
flexibilisers, -
hardening systems, -
miscellaneous, -
nitrogen-containing, -
non-glycidyl ether, -
preparation from bis-phenol A, -
structure and properties,
Epoxidised oils,
Estane,
Ester exchange, -
Ester linkage,
Ethanol,
Ethyl acrylate,
Ethyl alcohol,
Ethylbenzene, -
Ethyl cellulose, -
Ethylene-cyclo-olefin copolymers,
Ethylene,
polyethylene,
,
chlorinated,
copolymerisation, -
copolymers, -
monosubstituted,
polymers,
Ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers,
Ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymers,
Ethyl phthalyl ethyl glycollate,
Ethylene dichloride,
Ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers,
Ethylene glycol,
Ethylene oxide,
Ethylene-propylene rubbers, - ,
Ethylene-styrene copolymers, -
Ethylene-styrene interpolymers (ESIs),
Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) plastics,
Ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymers,
Extenders,
poly(viny chloride),
Extrusion, -
Extrusion moulding,
Eypel F,
-
,
-
,
- ,
Falling weight tests,
Fibre-resin preform mouldings,
Fibrides,
Fillers, - ,
inert,
particulate, - ,
polyethylene, -
polypropylene,
poly(viny chloride), -
reinforcing particulate,
Film, -
Film extrusion processes,
Film tapes, -
Finaclear,
Fire, -
Firelighters,
Firemaster,
Fire retardants,
FKM rubbers, -
Flame retarders, - , - ,
,
in foams, -
in nylon,
in polyethylene,
Flammability performance standards,
Flexible foams, -
one-shot polyester foams, -
polyether foams, -
polyether prepolymers, -
properties and applications, -
Flow path ratio, -
Flow promoters, -
Flow properties, -
factors, -
effects of environmental and molecular Index
Flow properties-continued
elastic effects in polymer melts, -
in injection mould, -
terminology, -
Flow temperature,
Fluidised-bed techniques,
Fluon,
Fluorel ,
Fluorine-containing polymers, -
ethylene copolymers, -
fluorine-containing rubbers, -
hexafluoroisobutylenevinylidenefluoride
polychlorotrifluoroethylene copolymers,
polytetrafluoroethylene, -
poly(viny fluoride),
poly(viny idene fluoride), -
tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymers,
tetrafluoroethy lene-hexafluoropropylene
copolymers,
-

copolymers,
Fluoro compounds,
Fluoroelastomers, -
Fluoroprene,
Fluororubbers,
Fluorosilicones,
Foams
flexible, -
rigid and semi-rigid, -
urea-formaldehyde resins, -
Footwear,
Foraflon,
Formaldehyde, -
polymerisation, -
preparation,
Formica,
Formolisation, -
Fomvar,
Forticel,
Fortron,
Fracture initiation stress,
Free energy change,
Free energy equation,
Free radicals,
Freeze-line distance, -
FriedelLCrafts agents,
Friedel-Crafts and related polymers,
Fringed crystallite theory,
Fringed micelle theory,
Frozen-in stress,
Fumaric acid,
Functionality,
Fungicides,
Furane plastics,
Furan resins, -
applications, -
preparation of intermediates, -
properties of cured resins,
resinification, I -I
addition polymerisation, - ,
-
Furfural, -
Furfuryl alcohol, -
Furukawa process,
Gasoline,
Gauche form,
Gelatine,
Gel effect,
Gel point,
Gelvatol,
Generic Temperature Index,
Gilsonite,
Glass-clear polyamides, -
Glass fibre,
Glass-like polymers,
Glass transition temperature, - , - ,
,
amorphous polymers,
and dipole polarisation, -
factors affecting, - ,
nylons,
polyethylene,
poly(ethy ene terephthalate) (PET),
Glassy resins,
Glassy state,
Gloss,
Glycerol,
Glycidyl adducts,
Glycidyl ether resins, -
acid hardening systems, -
amine hardening systems, - ,
curing, -
miscellaneous, -
Graft polymers,
Gramophone records,
Granule characteristics, -
Graphite,
Greases,
Grignard method, -
Grilamid ELY,
Grilamid TR ,
Growth-temperature curve,
GR-S (Government Rubber-Styrene),
Gutta percha, -
Glycols, -

related materials, -
Halar,
Halon,
Halophosphates,
Hardening systems, - , -
Haze,
Heat deflection temperature under load test
(HDT test),
Heat distortion temperature test,

Heat stabilisers,
Heat stability,
Henecke machine, - , Index
Henry’s law,
Herclor C,
Herclor H,
Heterogeneous nucleation,
Hexafluoroisobutylene-vinylidene fluoride
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride,
Hexamethyleneadipamide, @
Hexamethylenediamine,
Hexamethylenesebacamide, -
Hexamethyleneterephthalamide, -
High-energy radiation, - ,
High-frequency heating,
High-impact polystyrene (HIPS),
High-styrene resins,
High-temperature polymers, - ,
co-ordination, -
cross-linked organic, -
fluorine-containing, -
inorganic, -
ladder, -
linear with p-phenylene groups and other
spiro, -
copolymers,
, -
ring structures, -
High-vinyl polybutadienes,
Hipertuf,
Hitachi process,
Hivalloy,
HM- ,
Homogeneous nucleation,
Homopolymers,
Horticulture,
Hostaflon C ,
Hostaflon ET,
Hostaflon PFA-N,
Hostaflon TF,
Hostaflon TFB,
Hostaflon TFM,
Hostaform,
Hostalit LP HT ,
Hostamid, I
Hostatec,
Hot melt compositions,
Hot moulding process,
Housings,
H-resin,
Hycar x ,
Hycar I ,
Hydrin,
Hydrocarbon radicals, -
Hydrofluoric acid,
Hydrogenated nitrile rubbers, -
Hydrogenated SBS triblock polymers,
Hydrogen bonding, - ,
Hydrogen bonding theory,
Hydrolysis,
Hydrophilic polymers,
Hydroquinone,
Hydroxethyl cellulose,
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid,

Hydroxyethylmethyl cellulose,
Hydroxyl groups,
primary,
secondary,
Hydroxypropyl cellulose,
Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose,
Hygroscopic behaviour,
Hypalon,
Hytrel,
Icdal Ti ,
IEC - - Glow Wire Test,
IEC - - Needle Flame Test,
Igamid IC,
lgepal CA,
Ignition,
I-Gummi,
Impact modifiers, - ,
Impact strength, - , - ,
assessment of, -
Impact tests, -
Impingement mixing,
Impurities,
Induction forces,
Injection moulding,
and compression moulding, -
cooling rates, -
flow process, - ,
PMMA, -
polypropylene,
polystyrene,
PVC,
Inorganic resin,
Intensity factor,
Interchain attraction,
Intermolecular forces, -
International Electrotechnical Commission
International Standards Organisation (ISO),
Interpenetrating polymer networks,
Intrinsically electrically conducting polymers
Ionic bonds,
Ionic cross-linking,
Ionic polymerisation, -
Ionomers, - ,
Iron dithiocarbamate,
IS ,
IS ,
Isocyanates, - ,
Iso-free volume,
ris, trans Isomerism,
Isophthalic acid (IPA),
Isoprene,
Isopropenyl, -oxazoline (IPO),
Isopropyl tri(diocty pyrophosphate) titanate,
Isotactic polypropylene, -
(IEC),

(ICPs), -

additives, -
applications, - Index
Isotactic polypropylene-continlred
processing characteristics, -
properties, -
Isotactic structures,
Ivoride,
Ixef,
Izod impact strength,
Izod test, - ,
Jelutong,
Kaladex,
Kalrez,
Kamex,
Kapton,
KES PIasrics package,
Kel-F,
Kematal, I
Kennel,
Ketonex,
Kevlar, -
KF,
Kinel,
KKF data base,
Klucel,
Knife handles,
Kodar,
Kodar PETG,
Kodel,
Kraft papers,
Kraton G,
K-resins,
Krytox,
K-values, -
Kynar,
Kynol,
Lac, -
Ladder polymers, -
Laminates, - , - , -
Lanital,
Latices, - ,
Lead orthosilicates,
Lead salicylate,
Lead silicate,
Lead stearate,
Levapren,
Levapren ,
Lewis acid,
Lexan,
Light energy,
Light magnesium carbonate,
Light screens,
Light stabilisers,
Lignin,
Limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, -
Linear aromatic polyesters, - , -
Liquid crystal polyesters, -
Liquid crystal polymers,
Load-bearing plastics,
Lopac,
Loss factor,
Lubricants, - , - ,
external,
internal,
nylon,
poly(viny chloride), -
Lucite,
Luran S,
Luranyl,
Lutamer,
Luvican,
Lycra,
Lyotropic mesomorphism,
Machining operations,
Macroblend,
Macromolecules,
Magnesium stearate,
Makrolons,
Maleic anhydride,
Margard,
Markets for plastics, -
Martens test,
Mass colouration, -
Material selection, -
computer-aided selection, -
data sources, -
economic factors affecting choice, -
establishing operational requirements,
non-computer systems,
Maximum service temperature, -
MBS polymers, -
Mechanical properties
acetal resins, -
polyethylene, -
Medical applications,
Melamine, -
Melamine-formaldehyde resins,
-
applications, -
laminates, -
melamine, G
moulding powders, -
resinification, -
Melamine-phenolic resins,
Melinar,
Melinex,
Melt flow index (MFI),
Melt fracture,
Melting point, - , - ,
Melt processing of thermoplastics, - ,
-
crystalline,

crystallisation,
flow properties, -
granule characteristics,
hygroscopic behaviour,
orientation and shrinkage, - Index
thermal properties
-
affecting cooling, .
thermal properties influencing polymer
thermal stability,
melting, -
Melt processing of thermosetting plastics,
-
Melt viscosity, - ,
Mercaptans,
Merlon T,
Mesomorphic materials,
Metal deactivators,
Metallocene catalysis, - ,
,
ethylene-styrene copolymers, -
polyethylenes (m-PE),
- ,
linear low density (m-LLDPE),
very low density (m-VLDPE),
polypropylenes,
isotactic,
syndiotactic,
syndiotactic,
polystyrenes
Metal stearates,
Meta-phenylenediamine,
Methacrylate polymers and copolymers,
-
Methacrylato-chrome chloride treatments,
Methanol,
Methocel,
Methyl cellulose,
Methylaluminoxane (MAO),
, ’-Methylenedianiline,
Methylene dichloride,
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP),
Methyl methacrylate,
Methyl nadic anhydride VI,
Methylsuccinic acid,
Mica,
Mica marks,
Micelles,
Microfibrillation,
Millable gums,
Mindel,
Modern Plastics Encyclopaedia,
Modifiers,
Molar attraction constants, -
Molecular weight distribution (MWD),
Molecular weights, - , - , - ,
- ,
-
PTFE,
Molecules,
Moltopren,
Molybdenum disulphide,
Molybdenum oxide,
Monomers, - ,
Moplen,
Mouldability index,
preparation, - , - , -
Moulding materials, -
Moulding powders, - , - , -
Moulding shrinkage,
Mowiol,
Mowital,
Multiblock systems,
Mylar,
Nafion,
Naphthalene,
National Bureau of Standards (NBS) smoke
Native asphalt,
Natural rubber, derivatives, -
Natural tack,
n-Butane,
N-Cyclohexylmaleimide, -
Neoflon,
Neoprene,
Newtonian liquids, - ,
Ni-Kieselguhr catalysts,
Nitrile resins, -
Nitrile rubber (NBR), - ,
Nitrogen-containing resins, -
Nitrosofluoroelastomers,
Nomex,
Non-Newtonian liquids,
Nonox WSP,
Norbornene,
Norsorex,
Notched impact strength,
Notch sensitivity,
Novolak resins, - ,
Nucleating agents,
Nucleation, -
Nucleation-temperature curve,
Number average degree of polymerisation,
Number average molecular weight,
Nylon- , - ,
applications, - ,
chemical nature,
in glass-filled compositions,
nucleating agent,
processing,
Nylon- ,
applications,
Nylon- ,
applications,
Nylon-l ,
applications, - ,
chemical nature,
processing,
applications,
processing,
auulications.
MXD- ,
chamber test,
Noryl, - ,
NR- ,
,
Nylon- ,
Nylon- ,
L .
Moulding cbmpositions, - , processing, Index
Nylon- ,
Nylon- ,
applications, - ,
in glass-filled compositions,
nucleating agent,
polymerisation,
processing,
structure and properties, - ,
tensile strength,
Nylon- / ,
applications,
Nylon- / / ,
applications,
Nylon- ,
Nylon- ,
NyIon- ,
applications,
processing,
Nylon- ,
Nylon- ,
Nylons, - , - , -
applications, -
general properties, -
glass-filled, -
glass transition temperature,
processing, -
Nyrim,
Octo-I-ene,
Octoates,
Olefin addition method,
Olefins,
Oppanol,
Optical properties, relation to structure,
-
Orevac,
Organochlorosilanes, -
Organometallic compounds,
Organosols,
Organo-tin compounds,
orientation, - , -
biaxial,
monaxial,
Orientation time,
Orlon,
Oroglas,
Oroglas DR,
-Oxazolines, -
Oxetane polymers, -
Oxidation,
Oxidation retarders, -
Oxychlorination reaction,
Ozone attack,
Ozone effects,
Ozone layer,
P N,
Packaging materials, - ,

pharmaceuticals,
Paints,
Palmitates,
Pantalast L,
Paraffins,
Paraffin wax,
Parel,
Parkesine, - ,
Parkes process,
Particle shape, -
Particle size,
Partitioning,
Parylene C ,
Parylene N,
Paste injection moulding,
Paste-processes,
Pastes, - , -
Pebax,
Penton, -
Perlon U,
Permeability, - ,
Peroxide cross-linking,
Peroxide decomposers,
Peroxides,
Perspex,
Petrochemical industry, IO
Phenol-aldehyde resins,
Phenol-formaldehyde moulding powder
applications, -
compounding, -
processing, -
properties,
Phenol-formaldehyde mouldings,
Phenolic laminates, -
applications, -
properties, -
applications, -
chemical aspects, -
fibres,
foams,
Friedel-Crafts and related polymers, -
hardening, -
manufacture, -
moulding powders, -
phenolic laminates, -
raw materials, -
resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesives,
Phenolic resins, -
Phenols, -
Phenoxy resins, -
Phenylene groups,
-Phenylindole,
Phillips polymers,
Phillips process, - ,
Phosgenation process, -
Phosphates,
Phosphites,
Photochemical processes,
Photochemical radiation, -
Photoconductivity,
Photodegradants, - ,
Photophysical processes,
Photoresists, Index
Phthalates,
Phthalic acid,
Phthalic anhydride,
Piezolectric properties,
Pigments:
diene rubbers,
nylon,
polyethylene,
polypropylene,
PVC,
urea-formaldehyde moulding powders,

Pilofilm,
Pitches,
Plascams system,
Plastic crystals,
Plasticisers, - , - ,
in moulding powders,
nylon,
poly(viny chloride), -
rubbers,
characteristics,
degradable, -
developments - , -
developments since , -
fire and, -
future for, -
markers for, -
natural, -
raw materials, -
vinyl, -
Plastics:
Plastigels, -
Plastisols, -
Plate-out,
Plex -F,
Plexidur,
Plexiglas,
Plexigum,
Pleximid,
Pluronic,
PNF rubber,
Pocan,
Polar carboxyl groups,
Polar groups,
Polarisation charge,
Polarity of bonds, - ,
Polar materials, I
Polar theory,
Polectron.
Polish additives,
Pollution,
Poly-IF ,
Poly- F ,
Polyacetal (polyformaldehyde) resins,
Polyacetals, -
acetal resins, -
aldehyde polymers,
applications, -
oxetane polymers, -
polyethers from glycols and alkylene oxides,
-
polysulphides, -
preparation of formaldehyde,
Polyacetylines,
Poly(acrylic acid),
Polyacrylonitrile,
Polyaddition,
Polyalkenamers, -
Polyamide-imides, -
Polyamides, -
additives, -
applications, -
aromatic, -
crystalline aromatic, -
elastomeric, -
enhanced solubility, -
general properties of nylons, -
glass-clear, -
glass-filled nylons, -
intermediates for aliphatic polyamides,
low molecular weight,
polymerisation for aliphatic polyamides,
processing of nylons, -
structure and properties of aliphatic
polyamides, -
-
-
Polyarylates,
Polyaryl ether ketones, -
Poly-p-benzamide.
Polybenzoxazines (PBZs), -
Poly(y-benzyl-L-glutamate),
Poly- , -bischloromethyloxacyclobutane,
Polybiends, - ,
Polybut-l-ene, -
Polybutadiene, -
, -Polybutadiene, -
I, -Polybutadiene,
cis-l, -Polybutadiene,
Poly(buty ene terephthalate) (PBT),
Polycaprolactones,
Polycarbodi-imide resins, -
Polycarbonate/ABS grades,
Polycarbonate/polyether-imides,
Polycarbonate-polybutylene teraphthalate
Polycarbonate-polyethylene teraphthalate
Polycarbonates, - I
atactic,
- ,
alloys (PC-PBT),
alloys (PC-PET),
alloys based on bis-phenol A
applications of bis-phenol A polycarbonates,
carbonic ester polymers, -
commercial grades, -
ester exchange, -
general properties, -
phosgenation process, -
polycarbonates, -
-
polyester carbonates and block copolymers,
-
polymer preparation, - Index
Polycarbonates-continued
processing characteristics, -
production of intermediates, -
structure and properties, - ,
Poly(carborane siloxanes),
Polychloroacrylates,
Polychlorotrifluoroethylenecopolymers
Polycrystallinity,
Poly-( , )-cyclohexylenedimethylene
Terephthalate-co-isophthalate), -
Poly-( , )-cyclohexylenedimethyleneterephthalate) (PCT), -
Polycyclohexytethylene (PCHE),
PoIy( -dibromo- , -phenylene oxide), -
Poly-( , -dimethyl-p-phenylene oxide) (PPO),
(PCTFE), -
-
modified, -
polyamide,
processing and application,
structure and properties, -
styrenic, -
Polydimethylsiloxane rubbers, modified,
Polyesteramide BAK resins,
Polyester carbonates, -
Polyester foams, -
Polyester-glass fibre laminates, -
Polyester resins, -
allyl resins, -
curing systems, -
diluents, -
fibre-forming, -
film-forming, -
glass fibre laminates, -
highly aromatic linear, -
laminating,
liquid crystal, -
moulding compositions, -
plasticisers.
poly(buty ene terephthalate), -
polycaprolactones,
poly-( , )-cyclohexylenedimethyleneterephthalate) (PCT), -
poly(ethy ene terephthalate) moulding
materials, -
poly(pivalolactone), -
production, -
raw materials, -
rubbery,
saturated acids, -
special materials, -
structure and properties,
surface coatings, -
thermoplastic elastomers, -
unsaturated, -
water-extended polyesters,
Polyesteramides, -
Polyesters,
-
one-shot, -
linear aromatic, - , -
liquid crystal, -
Polyetheretherketones (PEEK),
Polyether foams, -
one-shot, -
quasi-prepolymer,
Polyether-imides,
Polyetherimides, -
Polyether prepolymers, -
Polyethers, -
Polyethylene, - , -
elastomeric, -
additives, -
amorphous density,
applications, - ,
branching, -
brittle point,
characteristics,
chemical properties, -
chlorinated, -
chlorosulphonated,
cross-linked, -
crystallinity,
crystallisation, SO,
density,
electrical properties,
fillers,
flow properties,
glass transition temperature,
grades,
high-density (HDPE), - , - ,
high molecular weight,
light stability,
limitations,
linear low-density (LLDPE), - ,

, -
film,
properties,
low-density (LDPE), -
low molecular weight,
mechanical properties, -
melt viscosity, - ,
molecular weight differences,
oxidation,
permeability,
polarisation,
polymerisation, -
high-pressure, -
interfacial,
making linear low-density polyethylene,
Phillips process, - ,
Standard Oil Company (Indiana) process,
Ziegler processes, - ,

,
preparation of monomer,
processing, -
properties of LLDPE and VLDPE,
solvents for,
structure and properties, -
thermal properties, - ,
ultra-high molecular weight (UHMWPE),
Index
very high molecular weight (VHMWPE),
very low-density (VLDPE), - ,
viscosity,
yield strength,

Poly(ethy ene naphthalate) (PEN), -
Poly(ethy ene terephthalate) (PET), - ,
, -
glass transition temperature,
moulding materials, -
Polyflon,
Polyformaldehydes,
Polyhaloaldehydes,
Poly-l, -heptadiyne,
Polyhydantoin resins, -
Polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate copolymers
(PHBV), -
Polyimides, -
Polyisobutylene (PIB), -
Polyisocyanurates, -
, -Polyisoprene,
Polymat PC system,
Polymer composites,
Polymeric flow promoters,
Polymerisation:
modified, -
addition,
free radical, - ,
initiation stage, - , - ,
termination stage,
aliphatic polyamides, -
anionic,
bulk, -
cationic,
condensation, -
co-ordination,
double bond,
emulsion,
formaldehyde, -
ionic, -
living,
mass, -
number average degree of,
PCTFE, -
polyethylene, -
poly(methy methacrylate), -
polytetrafluoroethylene, -
poly(viny acetate), -
poly(viny chloride) (PVC), -
poly(viny fluoride),
rearrangement,
ring-opening,
solution,
styrene-based plastics, -
suspension, -
vinyl chloride polymers, -
Polymerisation, addition, propagation or
Polymerisation kinetics,
Polymerisation methods,
Polymerisation temperature,
growth stage,
Polymer polyols,
Polymers:
amorphous,
brimoddl,
co-ordination, -
cross-linked, -
crystalline,
definition,
dispersion,
electrical conductivity, - ,
electronic applications, -
emulsion,
ethylene,
fluorine-containing, -
granular,
heat-resisting, -
high,
high-temperature, - ,
inorganic, -
intrinsically conductive, -
ionically conductive, -
ladder, -
liquid crystal,
living,
mass,
MBS, -
monodisperse,
non-polar, -
polar,
polydisperse,
solubility, -
spiro, -
stereoregular,
thermosetting acrylic, -
Poly(methacrylimide), -
Poly(methy acrylate),
Polymethylene,
Poly(methy methacrylate),
-
additives,
applications, -
copolymerisation, -
depolymerisation,
dipoles,
general properties, -
impact strength,
melt viscosity,
plasticised,
polymerisation, -
preparation of monomer, -
processing, -
solubility parameter, I
stability,
structure and properties,
thermal degradation rate, -
viscosity,
Poly(methy methacrylimides) (PMM),
Poly-( -methylpent- I-ene) (P MPI). -
applications,
general properties,
processing,
structure and properties, - Index
Poly(n-dodecyl methacrylate),
Polynorbornene, -
Polyolefins,
Polyoxacyclobutane,
Polyoxymethylene,
Poly(parabanic acids), G
Poly(pheny ene oxides),
alkyl substituted, -
halogenated,
poly( , -dibromo- , -phenylene oxide),
-
Polyox,
Polyphenylenes, -
Poly(pheny ene-sulphides), -
Poly-p-phenyline,
Poly-@-phenyline sulphide),
Polyphthalamide plastics,
Poly(pivalolactone), -
Polypropylene, -
amorphous polyarylene sulphides,
additives, -
applications, - , - ,
atactic, - ,
chlorinated,
fillers,
isotactic, -
linear,
optical properties,
preparation of, -
processing characteristics, - ,
solvents for,
stability,
structure and properties, - , -
syndiotactic, -

Polypropylene adipate,
Polypropylene sebacate,
Polypyrrole,
Polysiloxane-polyetherimide copolymers,
Polystyrene,

exoanded. -
high-impact (HIPS),
-
impact strength,
melt viscosity,
molecular weight,
oriented, -
processing, -
solvents for,
stereoregular,
structure and properties, -
syndiotactic, -
toughened (TPS), -
Polystyrol,
Polysulphides, - , -
Polysulphones, -
applications, -
blends,
general properties, -
processing,
structure and properties,
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE),
, -
additives, -
applications, -
chemical reactivity,
density,
general properties, -
molecular weight,
polymerisation, -
preparation of monomer,
processing, -
solvents for,
stability,
structure and properties, -
Poly(trimethy ene terephthalate) (P'IT),
Polyurethane-acrylic blends,
Polyurethane foam,
Polyurethanes, -
coatings and adhesives,
crystalline moulding, -
fibres, -
flexible foams, -
polycarbodi-imide resins, -
polyurethane-acrylic blends,
rigid and semi-rigid foams, -
rubbers, -
properties and applications,
self-skinning foams and RIM process,
thermoplastic, -
Poly(viny acetals), -
poly(viny butyral), -
poly(viny formal), -
-
Poly(viny acetate) and derivatives,
-
ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers, -
polymerisation, -
poly(viny acetals), -
poly(viny alcohol), -
poly(viny cinnamate), -
preparation of monomer, -
properties and uses,
applications,
structure and properties, -
Poly(viny butyral), -
Poly(viny carbazole), -
Poly(viny chloride) (PVC),
Poly(viny alcohol), -
additives,
applications, -
chlorinated, -
compounding ingredients, -
copolymers, -
copolymers with propylene,
crystalline,
dipoles,
extenders,
fillers, -
formulations, -
glass transition temperature,
graft polymers,
impact-modified, Index
injection moulding,
latices,
lubricants, -
melt viscosity,
optical properties,
pastes, -
pigments,
plasticised (PPVC). , - ,
plasticisers, G-
polymeric impact modifiers and processing
aids, -
polymerisation, -
processing, -
properties of compounds, -
solvents for,
stabilisers, -
stability,
structure, -
unplasticised (UPVC), - ,
- ,
-
Poly(viny cinnamate), -
Poly(viny ethers), -
Poly(viny fluoride) (PVF),
Poly(viny formal), -
Poly(viny idene chloride),
Poly(viny idene fluoride) (PVDF),
Poly-m-xylylene, -
Poly-p-xylylene,
Postech,
Powder moulding techniques,
Powder processes,
Power factor,
Preforming,
Prepolymers, polyether, -
Prepolymer systems, -
Prevulcanisation inhibitors,
Primary bonds,
Printed circuit board components,
Processing:
-
ABS plastics, -
acetal resins, -
nylons, -
phenol-formaldehyde moulding powder,
-
polycarbonates, -
poly-( , -dimethyl-p-phenyleneoxide)
(PPO),
polyethylene, -
poly(methy methacrylate), -
poly-( -methylpent- I-ene) (P MPl),
polypropylene, - ,
polystyrene, -
polysulphones,
polytetrafluoroethylene, -
poly(viny chloride) (PVC), -
urea-formaldehyde resins, -
Processing aids,
Processing techniques, -
casting processes,
melt processing of thermoplastics, -
melt processing of thermosetting plastics,
poly(viny chloride), -
in rubbery state, -
solution processes,
suspension processes,
-
Processing temperatures, - ,
Product design, -
-
,
distortion, voids and frozen-in stress,
recovery from deformation, -
rigidity of plastics materials, -
stress-strain-time behaviour, -
toughness, -
Propiofan,
Propylene,
-
Propylene glycol,
Propylene oxide,
Protein plastics,
Proton acceptors,
Proton donors,
Pseudo-elastic design approach,
Pseudoplasticity,
Pyre ML,
Pyro-Chek PB,
Pyroelectric properties,
Pyromellitic dianhydride IV,
copolymers with N-cyclohexylmaleimide,
Quacorr RPIOOA,
Questra,
Quiana,
Quinone,
Rabinowitsch equation,
Radel,
Radiation cross-linking,
Rafaelite,
Rainwear,
Rupru Abstracts,
Raschig process,
Rate constant,
Rate of flow,
Raw materials, -
Reaction injection moulding (RIM) process,
Reaction rate, -
Recovery from deformation, -
Reflectance,
Refractive index, - ,
Regulators,
Reinforced reaction injection moulding
Reinforcement,
Reinforcing fillers,
Relative permittivity,
Relative temperature index (RTI), -
Relaxation time,
, - ,
(RRIM) process, Index
Release agents,
Rennet.
Repulsion effect,
Resin XP ,
Resitol,
Resols, - ,
Resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesives,
Rexene,
Rheopexy,
Rhodoviol,
Ribbed smoked sheet (RSS),
Ricinoleates,
Ricinoloxazolinmaleinate,
Rigid foams, -
Rigidity of plastics materials, -
assessment of maximum service
temperature, -
Rilsan N,
Ring products,
Ring structures,
Rohacell,
Rossi-Peakes flow test,
Rotatjon about bonds, -
Rotational casting methods,
Rotational energies,
Rotational moulding, - ,
Rubber-bridge theory,
Rubber hydrochloride,
Rubbers, -
acrylate, -
aliphatic olefin, -
brominated butyl,
butadiene-acronytrile,
butadiene-pentadiene,
butyl,
cast polyurethane, -
chlorinated, -
chloroprene, -
cold,
constant-viscosity,
cyclised,
diene, -
dimethylsilicone,
epichlorhydrin,
ethylene-propylene, - ,

fluorine-containing, -
hot,
liquid silicone, -
millable gums,
modified polydimethylsiloxane, -
natural, - , -
nitrile, - ,
polybutadiene, -
polypropylene,
polyurethanes, -
silicone, -
styrene-butadiene, - ,
synthetic,
synthetic polyisoprene, -
terpolymer,
, -
thermoplastic,
thermoplastic diene, -
thermoplastic polyolefin (TPORs), - ,
thermoplastic polyurethane, -

Rubber-to-metal bonding, -
Rubbery cyclo-olefin (cyclo-alkene) polymers,
-
aliphatic polyalkenamers, -
chlorine-containing copolymers,
polynorbomene,
Rubbery materials, - ,
Rubbery polymers,
Rubbones,
Rucodor,
Runaway reactions,

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موضوع: كتاب Plastics Materials السبت 03 مارس 2012, 11:34 am

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أحضرت لكم كتاب
Plastics Materials
Seventh Edition
J. A. Bryd
Former Head of the Department of Physical Sciences and Technology,
Polytechnic of North London (now known as the University of North London

و المحتوى كما يلي :

Contents
Preface to the Seventh Edition
Preface to the First Edition
Acknowledgements for the Seventh Edition
Abbreviations for Plastics and Rubbers
The Historical Development of Plastics Materials
Natural Plastics
Parkesine and Celluloid
Developments since
Raw Materials for Plastics
The Market for Plastics
The Future for Plastics
The Evolution of the Vinyl Plastics
The Chemical Nature of Plastics
Introduction
Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Behaviour
Further Consideration of Addition Polymerisation
Ionic polymerisation
Ziegler-Natta and metallocene polymerisation
Elementary kinetics of free-radical addition polymerisation
Condensation Polymerisation
States of Aggregation in Polymers
Introduction
Linear Amorphous Polymers
Crystalline Polymers
Orientation and crystallisation
Liquid crystal polymers
Orientation in linear amorphous polymers
Cross-linked Structures
Polyblends
Summary
Vvi Contents
Relation of Structure to Thermal and Mechanical Properties
Introduction
Factors Affecting the Glass Transition Temperature
Factors Affecting the Ability to Crystallise
Factors Affecting the Crystalline Melting Point
Some Individual Properties
Melt viscosity
Yield strength and modulus
Density
Impact strength
Relation of Structure to Chemical Properties
Introduction
Chemical Bonds
Polymer Solubility
Plasticisers
Extenders
Determination of solubility parameter
Thermodynamics and solubility
Effects of Thermal, Photochemical and High-energy Radiation
Chemical Reactivity
Aging and Weathering
Diffusion and Permeability
Toxicity
Fire and Plastics
Relation of Structure to Electrical and Optical Properties
Introduction
Electronic Applications of Polymers
Electrically Conductive Polymers
Optical Properties
Appendix-Electrical Testing
Dielectric Constant, Power Factor and Structure
Some Quantitative Relationships of Dielectrics
Additives for Plastics
Introduction
Fillers
Coupling agents
Plasticisers and Softeners
Lubricants and Flow Promoters
Anti-aging Additives
Antioxidants
Antiozonants
Stabilisers against dehydrochlorination
Ultraviolet absorbers and related materials
Flame Retarders
Colorants
Blowing Agents
Cross-linking Agents
Photodegradants
-Oxazolines
Contents vii
Principles of the Processing of Plastics
Introduction
Melt Processing of Thermoplastics
Hygroscopic behaviour
Granule characteristics
Thermal stability
Flow properties
. Terminology
. Effect of environmental and molecular factors
on viscous flow properties
. Flow in an injection mould
. Elastic effects in polymer melts
Thermal properties affecting cooling
Crystallisation
Orientation and shrinkage
Melt Processing of Thermosetting Plastics
Processing in the Rubbery State
Solution, Suspension and Casting Processes
Thermal properties influencing polymer melting
Summary
Principles of Product Design
Introduction
Rigidity of Plastics Materials
The assessment of maximum service temperature
. Assessment of thermal stability
. Assessment of softening point
The assessment of impact strength
Toughness
Stress-Strain-Time Behaviour
The WLF equations
Creep curves
Recovery from Deformation
Distortion, Voids and Frozen-in Stress
Conclusions
Practical assessment of long-term behaviour
Polyethylene
Introduction
Preparation of Monomer
Polymerisation
High-pressure polymerisation
Ziegler processes
The Phillips process
Standard Oil Company (Indiana) process
Processes for making linear low-density polyethylene and
metallocene polyethylene
Structure and Properties of Polyethylene
Mechanical properties
Thermal properties
Chemical properties
Electrical properties
Properties of metallocene-catalysed polyethylenes
Properties of Polyethylene
Properties of LLDPE and VLDPE
viii Contents
Additives
Processing
Cross-linked Polyethylene
Chlorinated Polyethylene
Applications
Polyethylenes of Low and High Molecular Weight
Aliphatic Polyolefins other than Polyethylene, and Diene Rubbers
Polypropylene
Preparation of polypropylene
Properties of isotactic polypropylene
Additives for isotactic polypropylene
Processing characteristics
Applications
Atactic and syndiotactic polypropylene
Chlorinated polypropylene
Atactic polybut- -ene
Structure and properties of polypropylene
Polybut- -ene
Polyisobutylene
Poly-( -methylpent-l-ene)
Structure and properties
General properties
Processing
Applications
Other Aliphatic Olefin Homopolymers
Copolymers Containing Ethylene
Ethylene-cyclo-olefin copolymers
Diene Rubbers
Ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymers (ECO)
Natural rubber
Synthetic polyisoprene (IR)
Polybutadiene
Styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR)
. ‘High styrene resins’
Nitrile rubber (NBR)
Chloroprene rubbers (CR)
Butadiene-pentadiene rubbers
Thermoplastic Diene Rubbers
Aliphatic Olefin Rubbers
Rubbery Cyclo-olefin (Cyclo-alkene) Polymers
Thermoplastic polyolefin rubbers
. Aliphatic polyalkenamers
. Polynorbomene
. Chlorine-containing copolymers
, -Polybutadiene
.I Ethylene-styrene copolymers
Other elastomers
Vinyl Chloride Polymers
Introduction
Preparation of Vinyl Chloride
Polymerisation
Structure of Poly(viny chloride)
Characterisation of commercial polymers
Compounding Ingredients
Stabilisers
Plasticisers
Extenders
Lubricants
Fillers
Pigments

Miscellaneous additives
Formulations
Properties of PVC Compounds
Processing
Plasticised PVC
Unplasticised PVC
Pastes
Copolymers
Latices
Applications
Miscellaneous Products
Crystalline PVC
Chlorinated PVC
Graft polymers based on PVC
Vinyl chloride-propylene copolymers
Vinyl chloride-N-cyclohexylmaleimide copolymers
Polymeric impact modifiers and processing aids
Fluorine-containing Polymers
Introduction
Polytetrafluoroethylene
I Preparation of monomer
Polymerisation
Structure and properties
General properties
Processing
Additives
Applications
Tetrafluoroethylene-Hexafluoropropylene Copolymers
Tetrafluoroethylene-Ethylene Copolymers (ETFE)
Polychlorotrifluoroethylene Polymers (PCTFE)
Poly(viny fluoride) (PVF)
Poly(viny idene fluoride)

Hexafluoroisobutylene-Vinylidene Fluoride Copolymers
Fluorine-containing Rubbers
Thermoplastic fluoroelastomers
Miscellaneous Fluoropolymers
Poly(viny acetate) and its Derivatives
Introduction
Poly(viny acetate)
and Copolymers with Ethylene (ECTFE)
Other Plastics Materials Containing Tetrafluoroethylene

Preparation of the monomer
Polymerisation
Properties and uses
Structure and properties
Applications
Poly(viny alcohol)
Contents ix
x Contents
The Poly(viny acetals)
Poly(viny formal)
Poly(viny acetal)
Poly(viny butyral)
Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol Copolymers
Poly(viny cinnamate)
Other Organic Vinyl Ester Polymers
Acrylic Plastics
Introduction
Poly(methy methacrylate)
Preparation of monomer
Polymerisation
Structure and properties

Additives
Processing
Applications
Methyl Methacrylate Polymers with Enhanced Impact
Resistance and Softening Point
Nitrile Resins
Acrylate Rubbers
Thermosetting Acrylic Polymers
Acrylic Adhesives
Hydrophilic Polymers
Poly(methacry imide)
Miscellaneous Methacrylate and Chloroacrylate Polymers
and Copolymers
Other Acrylic Polymers
General properties of poly(methy methacrylate)
Plastics Based on Styrene
Introduction
Preparation of the Monomer
Laboratory preparation
Commercial preparation
Polymerisation
Mass polymerisation
Solution polymerisation
Suspension polymerisation
Emulsion polymerisation
Grades available
Properties and Structure of Polystyrene
General Properties
High-impact Polystyrenes (HIPS) (Toughened Polystyrenes (TPS))
Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymers
ABS Plastics
Production of ABS materials
Processing of ABS materials

Miscellaneous Rubber-modified Styrene- Acrylonitrile
and Related Copolymers
Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymers
Butadiene-Styrene Block Copolymers
Miscellaneous Polymers and Copolymers
Stereoregular Polystyrene
. Syndiotactic polystyrene
Properties and applications of ABS plastics
Contents xi
Processing of Polystyrene
Expanded Polystyrene
. Structural foams
Oriented Polystyrene
Applications
Miscellaneous Vinyl Thermoplastics
Introduction
Vinylidene Chloride Polymers and Copolymers

Vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymers
Properties and applications of vinylidene chloride-vinyl
chloride copolymers
Coumarone-Indene resins
Poly(viny carbazole)
Poly(viny pyrrolidone)
Poly(viny ethers)
Other Vinyl Polymers
Polyamides and Polyimides
Polyamides: Introduction
Intermediates for Aliphatic Polyamides
Adipic acid
Hexamethylenediamine

Caprolactam
w-Aminoundecanoic acid
w-Aminoenanthic acid
Dodecanelactam
Polymerisation of Aliphatic Polyamides

Nylon
Nylon
Nylon
Nylon
Structure and Properties of Aliphatic Polyamides
General Properties of the Nylons
Additives
Glass-filled Nylons

Processing of the Nylons
Applications
Polyamides of Enhanced Solubility
Other Aliphatic Polyamides
Aromatic Polyamides
. Glass-clear polyamides
. Crystalline aromatic polyamides
Sebacic acid and Azelaic acid
Nylons , and
Comparison of nylons and in glass-filled compositions
. Poly-rn-xylylene adipamide
. Aromatic polyamide fibres
. Polyphthalamide plastics
Polyimides
Modified Polyimides
. Polyamide-imides
. Polyetherimides
Elastomeric Polyamides
Polyesteramides- xii Contents
Polyacetals and Related Materials
Introduction
Preparation of Formaldehyde
Acetal Resins
Polymerisation of formaldehyde

Properties of acetal resins
Processing
Additives
Acetal-polyurethane alloys

Polyethers from Glycols and Alkylene Oxides
Elastomeric polyethers
Structure and properties of acetal resins
Applications of the acetal polymers and copolymers
Miscellaneous Aldehyde Polymers

Oxetane Polymers
Polysulphides
Introduction
Production of Intermediates
Polymer Preparation
Polycarbonates
Ester exchange
Phosgenation process
Relation of Structure and Properties
Variations in commercial grades

General Properties
Processing Characteristics
Miscellaneous Carbonic Ester Polymers
Other Thermoplastics Containing p-Phenylene Groups
Applications of Bis-phenol A Polycarbonates
Alloys based on Bis-phenol A Polycarbonates
Polyester Carbonates and Block Copolymers
Introduction
Polyphenylenes
Pol y-p-xylylene
Poly(pheny ene oxides) and Halogenated Derivatives
Alkyl Substituted Poly(pheny ene oxides) including PPO
Structure and properties of

Styrenic PPOs
Processing of styrenic PPOs
Polyamide PPOs
Poly( , -dibromo-l, -phenyleneoxide)
Polyphenylene Sulphides
Amorphous polyarylene sulphides
Pol ysulphones

General properties of polysulphones
Processing of polysulphones
Applications
Blends based on polysulphones
Polyarylether Ketones
Phenoxy Resins
Linear Aromatic Polyesters
poly-( , -dimethyl-p-phenyleneoxide) (PPO)
Processing and application of PPO
Blends based in polyphenylene oxides
Properties and structure of polysulphones
Contents xiii
Polyhydantoin Resins
Poly(parabanicacids)
Summary
Cellulose Plastics

Cellulose Esters
Nature and Occurrence of Cellulose
Cellulose nitrate
Cellulose acetate
Other cellulose esters
Ethyl cellulose
Miscellaneous ethers
Cellulose Ethers
Regenerated Cellulose
Vulcanised Fibre
Phenolic Resins
Introduction
Raw Materials
Phenol
Other phenols
Aldehydes
Chemical Aspects
Novolaks
Resols
Resin Manufacture
Moulding Powders
Compounding ingredients
Compoundingof phenol-formaldehyde moulding compositions
Processing characteristics
Properties of phenolic mouldings
Applications

The properties of phenolic laminates
Applications of phenolic laminates
MiscellaneousApplications
Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Adhesives

Friedel-Crafts and Related Polymers

Phenolic Resin Fibres
Polybenzoxazines
Aminoplastics

Introduction

Urea-Formaldehyde Resins

Raw materials
Theories of resinification
U-F moulding materials

Adhesives and related uses
Foams and firelighters
Other applications

Melamine
Resinification
Moulding powders
Laminates containing melamine-formaldehyde resin
Miscellaneous applications
Hardening
Phenolic Laminates
Melamine-Formaldehyde Resinsxiv Contents
Melamine-Phenolic Resins
Aniline-Formaldehyde Resins
Resins Containing Thiourea
Polyesters
Introduction
Unsaturated Polyester Laminating Resins
Selection of raw materials
Production of resins
Curing systems
Structure and properties
Polyester-glass fibre laminates
Water-extended polyesters
Allyl resins
Polyester Moulding Compositions
Fibre-forming and Film-forming Polyesters
Poly(ethy ene terephthalate) Moulding Materials
Poly(ethy ene naphthalate) (PEN)
Poly(buty ene terephthalate)
Poly(trimethy ene terephthalate)
Poly-( , -~yclohexylenedimethyleneterephthalate) (PCT)
Poly-( , -~yclohexylenedimethyleneterephthalateco-isophthalate)
Highly Aromatic Linear Polyesters
Liquid crystal polyesters
Polyester Thermoplastic Elastomers
Poly(pivalo actone)
Polycaprolactones
Surface Coatings, Plasticisers and Rubbers
Epoxide Resins
Introduction
Preparation of Resins from Bis-phenol A
Curing of Glycidyl Ether Resins
Amine hardening systems
Acid hardening systems
Miscelfaneous hardener systems
Comparison of hardening systems
Miscellaneous glycidyl ether resins
Non-glycidyl ether epoxides
Diluents, Flexibilisers and other Additives
Structure and Properties of Cured Resins
Miscellaneous Epoxide Resins
Applications
Introduction
Isocyanates

Rubbers
Polyurethanes and Polyisocyanurates
Fibres and Crystalline Moulding Compounds
Cast polyurethane rubbers
Millable gums
Properties and applications of cross-linked polyurethane
rubbers
Thermoplastic polyurethane rubbers and Spandex fibres
Flexible Foams
One-shot polyester foams
Polyether prepolymers
Contents xv
Quasi-prepolymer polyether foams
Polyether one-shot foams
Properties and applications of flexible foams
Self-skinning foams and the RIM process
Rigid and Semi-rigid Foams
Coatings and Adhesives
Polyisocyanurates
Polycarbodi-imide Resins
Polyurethane-Acrylic Blends
Miscellaneous Isocyanate-Based Materials
Furan Resins
Introduction
Preparation of Intermediates
Resinification

Applications
Properties of the Cured Resins
Silicones and Other Heat-resisting Polymers
Introduction
Nomenclature

The Grignard method
The direct process
The olefin addition method
Sodium condensation method
Rearrangement of organochlorosilanes
General Methods of Preparation and Properties of Silicones
Preparation
General properties
Applications
Preparation
Properties
Applications
Dimethylsilicone rubbers
Modified polydimethylsiloxane rubbers
Compounding
Fabrication and cross-linking
Properties and applications
Liquid silicone rubbers
Polysiloxane-polyetherimide copolymers
Polymers for use at High Temperatures
Fluorine-containing polymers
Inorganic polymers
Cross-linked organic polymers
Co-ordination polymers
Summary
Nature of chemical bonds containing silicon
Preparation of Intermediates

Silicone Fluids
Silicone Resins
Silicone Rubbers

Linear polymers with p-phenylene groups and
other ring structures
Ladder polymers and spiro polymers
xvi Contents
Miscellaneous Plastics Materials
Introduction
Casein
Chemical nature
Isolation of casein from milk
Production of casein plastics
Properties of casein
Applications
Miscellaneous Protein Plastics
Derivatives of Natural Rubber

Shellac
Gutta Percha and Related Materials
Occurrence and preparation
Chemical composition
Properties
Applications
Composition and properties
Amber
Bituminous Plastics
Selected Functional Polymers
Introduction
Thermoplastic Elastomers

Polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate copolymers (PHBV)

Intrinsically Electrically Conducting Polymers (ICPs)
Applications of thermoplastic elastomers
The future for thermoplastic elastomers
Degradable Plastics
The future for degradable plastics

Material Selection
Introduction
Establishing Operational Requirements

Material Data Sources
Economic Factors Affecting Material Choice
Computer-aided selection
A Simple Mechanistic Non-computer Selection System
A Simple Pathway-based Non-computer Selection System
Appendix
Index
Index
ABS plastics, -
processing, -
production, -
properties and applications,

ABSPVC blends,
Acetal-polyurethane alloys,
Acetal resins, - , -
additives, -
applications, -
electrical insulation properties,
mechanical properties, -
polymerisation of formaldehyde, -
processing, -
structure and properties, -
thermal properties, -
Acetone,
Acetylene,
Acetyl tributyl citrate,
Achieve range,
Acid hardening systems, -
Acrilan,
Acry-ace,
Acrylate rubbers, -
Acrylic plastics, -
acrylate rubbers, -
acrylic adhesives, -
chloroacrylate polymers and copolymers,
hydrophilic polymers,
methacrylate and chloroacrylate polymers
methacrylate polymers and copolymers, -
nitrile resins, -
poly(methacrylimide), -
poly(methy methacrylate), -
thermosetting acrylic polymers, -
-
and copolymers, -
Acryloid,
Acrylonitrile,
Acsium,
Activators,
Acyclic aliphatic resins, -
Addition polymerisation, -
see Polymerisation, addition
Additive method,
Additives. -
acetal resins, -
anti-aging, - ,
antistatic,
blowing agents, - ,
colorants, - ,
coupling agents, -
cross-linking agents, -
epoxide resins, -
fillers, - ,
flame retarders, - , - ,
flow promoters, -
fungicides,
heat stabilisers,
isotactic polypropylene, G I
light stabilisers,
lubricants, - ,
nucleating agents,
-Oxazolines, -
photodegradants, -
plasticisers, - ,
polish,
polyamides, -
polyethylene, -
poly(methy methacrylate),
polypropylene, -
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), -
poly(viny chloride),
reinforcing fillers,
softeners, - ,
structure control,
see also under specific types
,
Index
Adhesives:
acrylic, -
hot setting,
polyurethane,
resorcinol-formaldehyde,
urea-formaldehyde resins, -
Adipic acid,
Adiprene C. ,
Aerodux,
Aflas,
Aflon,
Aggregation states, -
AFT- ,
cross-linked structures, -
crystalline polymers, -
linear amorphous polymers, -
polyblends, -
Aging,
Agriculture,
Air-dried sheet (ADS),
Alcoholysis,
Alcryn,
Aldehydes,
Algoflan,
Aliphatic hydrocarbons,
Aliphatic olefin rubbers, -
Aliphatic polyalkenamers, -
Aliphatic polyamides, -
thermoplastic polyolefin rubbers, -
adipic acid,
w-aminoenanthic acid, -
w-aminoundecanoic acid,
azelaic acid, -
caprolactam, -
dodecanelactam, -
hexamethylenediamine,
intermediates for, -
polymerisation, -
sebacic acid, -
structure and properties, -
aliphatic olefin rubbers, -
copolymers containing ethylene, -
diene rubbers, -
poly-( -methylpent- -me), -
polybut-l-ene, -
I , -polybutadiene,
polyisobutylene, -
polypropylene, -
rubbery cyclo-olefin (cyclo-akene)
thermoplastic diene rubbers, -
see also Polyethylene
Aliphatic polyolefins, -
polymers, -
Alkali metals,
Alkon,
Alkyd moulding compositions, -
N-Alkyl compounds,
Alkyl, -cyanoacrylate,
Alkylene oxides, -
n-Alkyl groups,
Alkyl lithium,
Allyl resins, -
Alphanol,
Alternating copolymers,
Aluminium chloride,
Aluminium hydroxide,
Aluminium stearate,
Aluminium triethyl,
Amber, -
Ambroid,
Amine flexibilisers, -
Amine hardening systems, - ,
Amines,
Aminocrotonates,
w-Aminoenanthic acid, -
Aminoplastics, -
composition and properties, -
aniline-formaldehyde resins, -
melamine-formaldehyde resins, -
melamine-phenolic resins,
thiourea resins, -
urea-formaldehyde resins, -
w-Aminoundecanoic acid,
Amorphous density,
Amorphous non-polar polymers,
Amorphous polar polymers,
Amorphous polyarylene sulphides,
Amorphous polymers,
cooling rates, -
density,
elastic moduli, -
glass transition temperature, - ,
impact strength, -
linear, -
orientation, -
optical properties,
solubility,
yield strength, -
Amorphous resins,
Anaerobic acrylic adhesives,
Aniline-formaldehyde resins, -
Anisotropic behaviour,
Anti-aging additives, - ,
antioxidants, -
antiozonants,
stabilisers against dehydrochlorination,
ultraviolet absorbers and related materials,
-
Anti-blocking agents,
Antimony oxide, - ,
Antioxidants, - , - ,
chain-breaking, -
in polypropylene,
preventive,
Antiozonants,
Antiplasticisation,
APE,
Apec HT,
Applications:
ABS plastics,
acetal resins, -
his-phenol A polycarbonates, -
casein,
cellulose acetate, - Index
cellulose nitrate,
epoxide resins, -
flexible foams, -
furan resins, -
isotactic polypropylene, -
melamine-formaldehyde resins, -
nylons, - ,
phenol-formaldehyde moulding powder,
phenolic laminates, -
phenolic resins, -
polyacetals, -
polyamides, -
poly-( , -dimethyl-p-phenyleneoxide)
(PPO),
polyethylene, - ,
poly(methy methacrylate), -
poly-( -methylpent-l-ene),
polypropylene, - , -
polysulphones, -
polytetrafluoroethylene, -
polyurethane rubbers, -
poly(viny alcohol),
poly(viny chloride) (PVC), -
shellac, -
silicone fluids, -
silicone resins, -
silicone rubbers, -
styrene-based plastics, -
styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR),
thermoplastic elastomers, -
urea-formaldehyde resins, - , -
vinyl chloride polymers, -
-
Aramid fibres, - ,
Arc resistance,
Ardel,
Ardil,
Ametal,
Amite,
Arnitel,
Amite PBTP,
Amite PETP,
Aromatic diamines,
Aromatic polyamide fibres, -
Aromatic polycarbonates,
Aromatic polyester,
Aromatic polyimides,
Arrhenius equation,
Arylef,
Arylon T,
Aryloxa,
Asbestos,
Asphaltites,
A-stage resins, -
Asterite,
ASTM D ,
ASTM D - ,
ASTM D ,
ASTM D ,
ASTM D - ,
ASTM D ,
Astrel,
Atactic structures,
A-Tell,
Auto-acceleration effect,
Automotive industry,
Autoxidation,
Average kinetic chain length,
Azelaic acid, -
Azodi-isobutyronitrile,

B ,
Bakelite,
Balanced process,
Balata,
Barex,
Barytes,
BASF process,
Basic lead carbonate (white lead),
Bayblend,
Baymid,
Baypren,
BDS K-resin,
Bead processes, -
Beckamides,
Bell test,
Benzene,
Benzene rings,
Benzoates,
Benzoyl peroxide,
Benzyl cellulose,
Beta-conidendrol,
Biapen,
Biaxial orientation,
Biaxial stretching,
Binary copolymers,
Biocellat,
Bioceta,
Biodegradable plastics,
Biodegradation, -
Biomax ,
Biopol,
Birefringence methods,
Bis-phenol A polycarbonates, ,

alloys based on, -
applications, -
glass transition temperature,
Bitumen, - , -
Bituminous plastics, -
Biuret links,
Bleeding,
Block copolymers, - ,
-
Blocking,
Blooming,
Blowing agents, - ,
Blow moulding,
Blown film processes,
Blow-up ratio,
Bond bending,
Bond dissociation energies, Index
Bond stretching,
Boron trifluoride,
Bouncing putty,
Branching, -
Brownian motion,
BS, softening point,
BS, flow test,
BS,
B-stage resins, -
Buna N.,
Buna S.,
Burning rate,
Buss Ko-Kneader,
Butachlor,
Butacite,
Buta- , -diene,
Butadiene,
Butadiene-Pentadiene rubbers,
Butadiene-styrene block copolymers, -
Butadiene-styrene resins,
Cadmium-barium systems,
Cadon,
Calcium carbide,
Calcium carbonate,
Calcium oxide,
Calcium silicate,
Calcium stearate,
Calendering,
Camphor,
Campus system,
Capacitance, I
Capacity factor,
Caprolactam, -
Carbanions,
Carbon black,
as conductive filler,
in polyethylene, - ,
as ultraviolet absorber,
Carbon fibres,
Carbonic ester polymers, G
Carbonium ions,
Carbon tetrachloride,
Carbowax,
Carboxyl groups,
Cariflex TR,
Carilon,
Casein, -
applications,
chemical nature, -
isolation from milk, -
production, -
properties, -
Casting processes,
Cast phenolic resins,
Catalysts.
Celanex,
Celanix,
Celcon,
Cellidor B.
Cell nucleating agents,
Cellophane,
Cell stabilisers,
Celluloid, - ,
structure and properties, -
Cellulose,
regenerated, -
Cellulose acetate, - , -
applications, -
biodegradable compounds,
compounding, -
preparation, -
primary,
properties, -
secondary,
Cellulose acetate-butyrate (CAB),
Cellulose acetate-propionate,
Cellulose caprate, -
Cellulose esters, -
cellulose acetate, -
cellulose acetate-butyrate (CAB),
cellulose acetate-propionate,
cellulose caprate, -
cellulose nitrate, -
cellulose propionate,
Cellulose ethers, -
ethyl cellulose, -
Cellulose nitrate, -
applications,
manufacture of celluloid sheets, -
preparation, -
structure and properties of celluloid, -
Cellulose plastics, -
cellulose esters, -
cellulose ethers, -
ethyl cellulose, -
nature and occurrence of cellulose, -
regenerated cellulose,
vulcanised fibre,
Cellulose propionate,
Cellulosics,
Chain branching,
Chain coiling, -
Chain degradation,
Chain ends, -
Chain flexibility,
Chain growth,
Chain mobility,
Chain separation,
Chain stiffness,
Chain transfer,
Chain transfer agents,
Chain uncoiling, - ,
Charpy test, -
Chelating agents,
Chemical blowing agents,
Chemical bonds, -
Chemical nature of plastics, -
addition polymerisation, -
condensation polymerisation,
thermoplastic and thermosetting behaviour,
-
- Index
Chemical properties, -
aging and weathering,
chemical bonds, -
chemical reactivity, -
diffusion and permeability, -
effects of thermal, photochemical and
high-energy radiation, -
fire and plastics, -
polymer solubility, -
toxicity, -
Chemical reactivity, -
Chewing gum,
Chicle,
Chill-roll process,
Chipboard,
Chlorendic anhydride,
Chloroacrylate polymers and copolymers, -
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs),
Chloroform,
Chloroprene rubbers (CR), -
Chlorosulphonated polyethylene (Hypalon), .
Chlorosulphonated polyethylenes,
Clausius-Clapeyron equation,
Clausius-Mosotti equation,
Clays,
Coal tar,
Coatings,
Cobalt naphthenate,
Cocatalysts,
Cohesive energy density,
Coining,
Coke,
Cold cure process,
Cold-drawing process,
Cold flex temperature,
Cold forming,
Cold moulding process,
Collodion,
Colorants, -
Colour-forming groups,
Combustion,
Comonomers,
Composites,

Compression moulding,
- ,
Computer-aided material selection, -
Condensers,
Conduction charge,
Congo red test,
Constant-viscosity rubbers,
Constrained geometry homogeneous catalysts,
,
Contact resins,
Continuous Use Temperature Rating or Index,
Cooling rates, -
Copolymerisation,

with ethylene, -
poly(methy methacrylate), -
butadiene-styrene, -
Copolymers, -
chlorine-containing,
ethylene,
ethylene-acrylic acid,
ethylene-carbon monoxide,
ethylene-ethyl acrylate,
ethylene-styrene, -
ethylene-vinyl alcohol, - ,
hexafluoroisobutylene-vinylidenefluoride,
multiblock,
polychlorotrifluoroethylene,
polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate (PHBV),
poly(viny chloride) (PVC), - ,
styrene-acrylonitrile,
styrene-butadiene,
tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene (ETFE),
tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene,

-
- styrene-maleic anhydride,

, triblock,
vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate,
vinylidene chloride-vinyl acrylonitrile,
vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride, -
Co-ordinate bonds,
Cotton linters,
Coumarone-indene resins, -
Counter-current mixing,
Coupling agents, - I
Covalent bonds,
Cracking,
Crack propagation,
Crastin,
Crazing, -
Creep,
Creep curves, -
Creep-temperature relationships,
Cresols, - ,
Crinothene,
Critical point,
Critical shear rate,
Critical shear stress,
Cross-linked structures, - ,
Cross-linking, - , - ,
cast polyurethane rubbers, -
heat-fugitive,
rate,
silicone rubbers, -
Cross-linking agents, - ,
Crystal densities,
Crystalline aromatic polyamides, -
Crystallinew melting point, -
Crystalline polymers, -
liquid crystal polymers,
orientation and crystallisation, -
Crystallinity,
polyethylene,
Crystallisation, - ,
factors affecting, - ,
Crystallisation rate-temperature curve,
Crystallites,
C-stage resins, - Index
Cumene process,
Cyclic aliphatic resins, -
Cyclohexamone peroxide,
Cyclohexane,
Cycoloy,
Dacron,
Dai-el,
Debye equation,
Decomposition,
Deflection temperature under load test,
Deformation,
Deformation-time curves,
Degradable plastics, - ,
polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate copolymers
(PHBV), -
Degradation,
Degree of substitution,
Dehydrochlorination,
Dehydrochlorination stabilisers,
Dehydrogenation,
Delrin,
Density,
Dentures,
Derakane vinyl esters,
Deretron,
Deroton,
Dexsil,
Diacryl,
Diakon,
Diakon MX,
Diallyl isophthalate (DAIP),
Diallyl phthalate (DAP),
Diamar,
Diamines,
Diaminophenyl sulphone,
Diaphanyl phthalate (DAP),
Diazomethane,
Dibasic acid,
Dibasic lead phosphite,
Dibasic lead phthalate,
Dibasic lead stearate,
Dibenzyl ether,
Dibutyl phthalate,
Dibutyl sebacate (DBS),
Dibutyltin di-iso-octylthioglycollate,
Dibutyltin dilaurate,
Dibutyltin maleate,
Dicumyl peroxide,
Dielectric constant, - ,
Dielectric constant-frequency curve,
Dielectric constant-temperature curve,
Dielectrics, quantitative relationships, -
Dielectric strength.
Diels-Alder reactions,
Diene rubbers, -
butadiene-pentadiene rubbers,
chloroprene rubbers (CR), -
natural rubbers, -
nitrile rubber (NBR), -
ozone degradation,
polybutadiene, -
styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), -
synthetic polyisoprene, -
thermoplastic,
Die swell,
Diethylaminopropylamine,
Diethylenetriamine,
Diethyl hexyl phthalate,
Diethyl phthalate,
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),
Diffusion, -
Diglycidyl ether resins,
Dihalides,
Di-isobutyl phthalate,
Di-isocyanates,
Di-isodecyl phthalate,
Di-iso-octyl phthalate (DIOP),
Dilatancy,
Diluents, -
Dimers,
Dimethacrylates,
Dimethylaminopropylaine,
Dimethyl phthalate (DMP),
Dimethylsilicone rubbers,
DIN,
DIN,
Dinonyl phthalate (DNP),
Dioctyl sebacate (DOS),
Diols,
, -Dioxolane,
Diphenylmethane di-isocyanates, -
Diphenylurea,
Dipole forces,
Dipole moments,
Dipole orientation, -
Dipole polarisation,
Dispersion forces,
Dissipation factor,
Distortion, -
Disubstituted ethylenes,
Ditridecyl phthalate,
Divinylbenzene,
Dodecanelactam, -
Dodecenylsuccinic anhydride,
Dodecyl mercaptan,
Doping, -
Dorlastan,
Dormagen process,
Dough moulding compounds, -
Dow ‘Log’ process,
Dow-Taga process,
Draw-down ratio,
Duracon,
Durel,
Durethan U,
Dyflor,
Dylarc,
Dymotape,
Dynagen XP- ,
Ebonite, -
Ecoflex,
Ekkcel, Index
Ekkcel C- ,
Ekkcel - ,
Ekonol P- ,
Ekonol T- ,
Ektar PCTG,
Elastic deformations,
Elasticity, I
Elastic moduli, -
Elastic turbulence,
Elastomer-modified thermoplastics, see
Electrical insulation properties,
also Thermoplastic elastomers
,
acetal resins,
Electrically conductive polymers,
Electrical properties,
Electrical testing,
Electronegativity values,
Electronic applications of polymers, -
Electron polarisation,
Electrovalent bonds,
Elvanol,
Elvax,
Engel process,
Engineering plastics,
Entanglements,
Enthalpy, -
Entropy,
Entropy change,
Entropy of fusion,
Environmental stress cracking, - ,
EPDM rubbers,
Epichlorhydrin rubbers,
Epoxide resins, -
acyclic aliphatic, -
additives, -
applications, -
curing of glycidyl ether resins, -
cyclic aliphatic, -
diluents, -
flexibilisers, -
hardening systems, -
miscellaneous, -
nitrogen-containing, -
non-glycidyl ether, -
preparation from bis-phenol A, -
structure and properties,
Epoxidised oils,
Estane,
Ester exchange, -
Ester linkage,
Ethanol,
Ethyl acrylate,
Ethyl alcohol,
Ethylbenzene, -
Ethyl cellulose, -
Ethylene-cyclo-olefin copolymers,
Ethylene,
polyethylene,
,
chlorinated,
copolymerisation, -
copolymers, -
monosubstituted,
polymers,
Ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers,
Ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymers,
Ethyl phthalyl ethyl glycollate,
Ethylene dichloride,
Ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers,
Ethylene glycol,
Ethylene oxide,
Ethylene-propylene rubbers, - ,
Ethylene-styrene copolymers, -
Ethylene-styrene interpolymers (ESIs),
Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) plastics,
Ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymers,
Extenders,
poly(viny chloride),
Extrusion, -
Extrusion moulding,
Eypel F,
-
,
-
,
- ,
Falling weight tests,
Fibre-resin preform mouldings,
Fibrides,
Fillers, - ,
inert,
particulate, - ,
polyethylene, -
polypropylene,
poly(viny chloride), -
reinforcing particulate,
Film, -
Film extrusion processes,
Film tapes, -
Finaclear,
Fire, -
Firelighters,
Firemaster,
Fire retardants,
FKM rubbers, -
Flame retarders, - , - ,
,
in foams, -
in nylon,
in polyethylene,
Flammability performance standards,
Flexible foams, -
one-shot polyester foams, -
polyether foams, -
polyether prepolymers, -
properties and applications, -
Flow path ratio, -
Flow promoters, -
Flow properties, -
factors, -
effects of environmental and molecular Index
Flow properties-continued
elastic effects in polymer melts, -
in injection mould, -
terminology, -
Flow temperature,
Fluidised-bed techniques,
Fluon,
Fluorel ,
Fluorine-containing polymers, -
ethylene copolymers, -
fluorine-containing rubbers, -
hexafluoroisobutylenevinylidenefluoride
polychlorotrifluoroethylene copolymers,
polytetrafluoroethylene, -
poly(viny fluoride),
poly(viny idene fluoride), -
tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymers,
tetrafluoroethy lene-hexafluoropropylene
copolymers,
-

copolymers,
Fluoro compounds,
Fluoroelastomers, -
Fluoroprene,
Fluororubbers,
Fluorosilicones,
Foams
flexible, -
rigid and semi-rigid, -
urea-formaldehyde resins, -
Footwear,
Foraflon,
Formaldehyde, -
polymerisation, -
preparation,
Formica,
Formolisation, -
Fomvar,
Forticel,
Fortron,
Fracture initiation stress,
Free energy change,
Free energy equation,
Free radicals,
Freeze-line distance, -
FriedelLCrafts agents,
Friedel-Crafts and related polymers,
Fringed crystallite theory,
Fringed micelle theory,
Frozen-in stress,
Fumaric acid,
Functionality,
Fungicides,
Furane plastics,
Furan resins, -
applications, -
preparation of intermediates, -
properties of cured resins,
resinification, I -I
addition polymerisation, - ,
-
Furfural, -
Furfuryl alcohol, -
Furukawa process,
Gasoline,
Gauche form,
Gelatine,
Gel effect,
Gel point,
Gelvatol,
Generic Temperature Index,
Gilsonite,
Glass-clear polyamides, -
Glass fibre,
Glass-like polymers,
Glass transition temperature, - , - ,
,
amorphous polymers,
and dipole polarisation, -
factors affecting, - ,
nylons,
polyethylene,
poly(ethy ene terephthalate) (PET),
Glassy resins,
Glassy state,
Gloss,
Glycerol,
Glycidyl adducts,
Glycidyl ether resins, -
acid hardening systems, -
amine hardening systems, - ,
curing, -
miscellaneous, -
Graft polymers,
Gramophone records,
Granule characteristics, -
Graphite,
Greases,
Grignard method, -
Grilamid ELY,
Grilamid TR ,
Growth-temperature curve,
GR-S (Government Rubber-Styrene),
Gutta percha, -
Glycols, -

related materials, -
Halar,
Halon,
Halophosphates,
Hardening systems, - , -
Haze,
Heat deflection temperature under load test
(HDT test),
Heat distortion temperature test,

Heat stabilisers,
Heat stability,
Henecke machine, - , Index
Henry’s law,
Herclor C,
Herclor H,
Heterogeneous nucleation,
Hexafluoroisobutylene-vinylidene fluoride
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride,
Hexamethyleneadipamide, @
Hexamethylenediamine,
Hexamethylenesebacamide, -
Hexamethyleneterephthalamide, -
High-energy radiation, - ,
High-frequency heating,
High-impact polystyrene (HIPS),
High-styrene resins,
High-temperature polymers, - ,
co-ordination, -
cross-linked organic, -
fluorine-containing, -
inorganic, -
ladder, -
linear with p-phenylene groups and other
spiro, -
copolymers,
, -
ring structures, -
High-vinyl polybutadienes,
Hipertuf,
Hitachi process,
Hivalloy,
HM- ,
Homogeneous nucleation,
Homopolymers,
Horticulture,
Hostaflon C ,
Hostaflon ET,
Hostaflon PFA-N,
Hostaflon TF,
Hostaflon TFB,
Hostaflon TFM,
Hostaform,
Hostalit LP HT ,
Hostamid, I
Hostatec,
Hot melt compositions,
Hot moulding process,
Housings,
H-resin,
Hycar x ,
Hycar I ,
Hydrin,
Hydrocarbon radicals, -
Hydrofluoric acid,
Hydrogenated nitrile rubbers, -
Hydrogenated SBS triblock polymers,
Hydrogen bonding, - ,
Hydrogen bonding theory,
Hydrolysis,
Hydrophilic polymers,
Hydroquinone,
Hydroxethyl cellulose,
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid,

Hydroxyethylmethyl cellulose,
Hydroxyl groups,
primary,
secondary,
Hydroxypropyl cellulose,
Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose,
Hygroscopic behaviour,
Hypalon,
Hytrel,
Icdal Ti ,
IEC - - Glow Wire Test,
IEC - - Needle Flame Test,
Igamid IC,
lgepal CA,
Ignition,
I-Gummi,
Impact modifiers, - ,
Impact strength, - , - ,
assessment of, -
Impact tests, -
Impingement mixing,
Impurities,
Induction forces,
Injection moulding,
and compression moulding, -
cooling rates, -
flow process, - ,
PMMA, -
polypropylene,
polystyrene,
PVC,
Inorganic resin,
Intensity factor,
Interchain attraction,
Intermolecular forces, -
International Electrotechnical Commission
International Standards Organisation (ISO),
Interpenetrating polymer networks,
Intrinsically electrically conducting polymers
Ionic bonds,
Ionic cross-linking,
Ionic polymerisation, -
Ionomers, - ,
Iron dithiocarbamate,
IS ,
IS ,
Isocyanates, - ,
Iso-free volume,
ris, trans Isomerism,
Isophthalic acid (IPA),
Isoprene,
Isopropenyl, -oxazoline (IPO),
Isopropyl tri(diocty pyrophosphate) titanate,
Isotactic polypropylene, -
(IEC),

(ICPs), -

additives, -
applications, - Index
Isotactic polypropylene-continlred
processing characteristics, -
properties, -
Isotactic structures,
Ivoride,
Ixef,
Izod impact strength,
Izod test, - ,
Jelutong,
Kaladex,
Kalrez,
Kamex,
Kapton,
KES PIasrics package,
Kel-F,
Kematal, I
Kennel,
Ketonex,
Kevlar, -
KF,
Kinel,
KKF data base,
Klucel,
Knife handles,
Kodar,
Kodar PETG,
Kodel,
Kraft papers,
Kraton G,
K-resins,
Krytox,
K-values, -
Kynar,
Kynol,
Lac, -
Ladder polymers, -
Laminates, - , - , -
Lanital,
Latices, - ,
Lead orthosilicates,
Lead salicylate,
Lead silicate,
Lead stearate,
Levapren,
Levapren ,
Lewis acid,
Lexan,
Light energy,
Light magnesium carbonate,
Light screens,
Light stabilisers,
Lignin,
Limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, -
Linear aromatic polyesters, - , -
Liquid crystal polyesters, -
Liquid crystal polymers,
Load-bearing plastics,
Lopac,
Loss factor,
Lubricants, - , - ,
external,
internal,
nylon,
poly(viny chloride), -
Lucite,
Luran S,
Luranyl,
Lutamer,
Luvican,
Lycra,
Lyotropic mesomorphism,
Machining operations,
Macroblend,
Macromolecules,
Magnesium stearate,
Makrolons,
Maleic anhydride,
Margard,
Markets for plastics, -
Martens test,
Mass colouration, -
Material selection, -
computer-aided selection, -
data sources, -
economic factors affecting choice, -
establishing operational requirements,
non-computer systems,
Maximum service temperature, -
MBS polymers, -
Mechanical properties
acetal resins, -
polyethylene, -
Medical applications,
Melamine, -
Melamine-formaldehyde resins,
-
applications, -
laminates, -
melamine, G
moulding powders, -
resinification, -
Melamine-phenolic resins,
Melinar,
Melinex,
Melt flow index (MFI),
Melt fracture,
Melting point, - , - ,
Melt processing of thermoplastics, - ,
-
crystalline,

crystallisation,
flow properties, -
granule characteristics,
hygroscopic behaviour,
orientation and shrinkage, - Index
thermal properties
-
affecting cooling, .
thermal properties influencing polymer
thermal stability,
melting, -
Melt processing of thermosetting plastics,
-
Melt viscosity, - ,
Mercaptans,
Merlon T,
Mesomorphic materials,
Metal deactivators,
Metallocene catalysis, - ,
,
ethylene-styrene copolymers, -
polyethylenes (m-PE),
- ,
linear low density (m-LLDPE),
very low density (m-VLDPE),
polypropylenes,
isotactic,
syndiotactic,
syndiotactic,
polystyrenes
Metal stearates,
Meta-phenylenediamine,
Methacrylate polymers and copolymers,
-
Methacrylato-chrome chloride treatments,
Methanol,
Methocel,
Methyl cellulose,
Methylaluminoxane (MAO),
, ’-Methylenedianiline,
Methylene dichloride,
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP),
Methyl methacrylate,
Methyl nadic anhydride VI,
Methylsuccinic acid,
Mica,
Mica marks,
Micelles,
Microfibrillation,
Millable gums,
Mindel,
Modern Plastics Encyclopaedia,
Modifiers,
Molar attraction constants, -
Molecular weight distribution (MWD),
Molecular weights, - , - , - ,
- ,
-
PTFE,
Molecules,
Moltopren,
Molybdenum disulphide,
Molybdenum oxide,
Monomers, - ,
Moplen,
Mouldability index,
preparation, - , - , -
Moulding materials, -
Moulding powders, - , - , -
Moulding shrinkage,
Mowiol,
Mowital,
Multiblock systems,
Mylar,
Nafion,
Naphthalene,
National Bureau of Standards (NBS) smoke
Native asphalt,
Natural rubber, derivatives, -
Natural tack,
n-Butane,
N-Cyclohexylmaleimide, -
Neoflon,
Neoprene,
Newtonian liquids, - ,
Ni-Kieselguhr catalysts,
Nitrile resins, -
Nitrile rubber (NBR), - ,
Nitrogen-containing resins, -
Nitrosofluoroelastomers,
Nomex,
Non-Newtonian liquids,
Nonox WSP,
Norbornene,
Norsorex,
Notched impact strength,
Notch sensitivity,
Novolak resins, - ,
Nucleating agents,
Nucleation, -
Nucleation-temperature curve,
Number average degree of polymerisation,
Number average molecular weight,
Nylon- , - ,
applications, - ,
chemical nature,
in glass-filled compositions,
nucleating agent,
processing,
Nylon- ,
applications,
Nylon- ,
applications,
Nylon-l ,
applications, - ,
chemical nature,
processing,
applications,
processing,
auulications.
MXD- ,
chamber test,
Noryl, - ,
NR- ,
,
Nylon- ,
Nylon- ,
L .
Moulding cbmpositions, - , processing, Index
Nylon- ,
Nylon- ,
applications, - ,
in glass-filled compositions,
nucleating agent,
polymerisation,
processing,
structure and properties, - ,
tensile strength,
Nylon- / ,
applications,
Nylon- / / ,
applications,
Nylon- ,
Nylon- ,
NyIon- ,
applications,
processing,
Nylon- ,
Nylon- ,
Nylons, - , - , -
applications, -
general properties, -
glass-filled, -
glass transition temperature,
processing, -
Nyrim,
Octo-I-ene,
Octoates,
Olefin addition method,
Olefins,
Oppanol,
Optical properties, relation to structure,
-
Orevac,
Organochlorosilanes, -
Organometallic compounds,
Organosols,
Organo-tin compounds,
orientation, - , -
biaxial,
monaxial,
Orientation time,
Orlon,
Oroglas,
Oroglas DR,
-Oxazolines, -
Oxetane polymers, -
Oxidation,
Oxidation retarders, -
Oxychlorination reaction,
Ozone attack,
Ozone effects,
Ozone layer,
P N,
Packaging materials, - ,

pharmaceuticals,
Paints,
Palmitates,
Pantalast L,
Paraffins,
Paraffin wax,
Parel,
Parkesine, - ,
Parkes process,
Particle shape, -
Particle size,
Partitioning,
Parylene C ,
Parylene N,
Paste injection moulding,
Paste-processes,
Pastes, - , -
Pebax,
Penton, -
Perlon U,
Permeability, - ,
Peroxide cross-linking,
Peroxide decomposers,
Peroxides,
Perspex,
Petrochemical industry, IO
Phenol-aldehyde resins,
Phenol-formaldehyde moulding powder
applications, -
compounding, -
processing, -
properties,
Phenol-formaldehyde mouldings,
Phenolic laminates, -
applications, -
properties, -
applications, -
chemical aspects, -
fibres,
foams,
Friedel-Crafts and related polymers, -
hardening, -
manufacture, -
moulding powders, -
phenolic laminates, -
raw materials, -
resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesives,
Phenolic resins, -
Phenols, -
Phenoxy resins, -
Phenylene groups,
-Phenylindole,
Phillips polymers,
Phillips process, - ,
Phosgenation process, -
Phosphates,
Phosphites,
Photochemical processes,
Photochemical radiation, -
Photoconductivity,
Photodegradants, - ,
Photophysical processes,
Photoresists, Index
Phthalates,
Phthalic acid,
Phthalic anhydride,
Piezolectric properties,
Pigments:
diene rubbers,
nylon,
polyethylene,
polypropylene,
PVC,
urea-formaldehyde moulding powders,

Pilofilm,
Pitches,
Plascams system,
Plastic crystals,
Plasticisers, - , - ,
in moulding powders,
nylon,
poly(viny chloride), -
rubbers,
characteristics,
degradable, -
developments - , -
developments since , -
fire and, -
future for, -
markers for, -
natural, -
raw materials, -
vinyl, -
Plastics:
Plastigels, -
Plastisols, -
Plate-out,
Plex -F,
Plexidur,
Plexiglas,
Plexigum,
Pleximid,
Pluronic,
PNF rubber,
Pocan,
Polar carboxyl groups,
Polar groups,
Polarisation charge,
Polarity of bonds, - ,
Polar materials, I
Polar theory,
Polectron.
Polish additives,
Pollution,
Poly-IF ,
Poly- F ,
Polyacetal (polyformaldehyde) resins,
Polyacetals, -
acetal resins, -
aldehyde polymers,
applications, -
oxetane polymers, -
polyethers from glycols and alkylene oxides,
-
polysulphides, -
preparation of formaldehyde,
Polyacetylines,
Poly(acrylic acid),
Polyacrylonitrile,
Polyaddition,
Polyalkenamers, -
Polyamide-imides, -
Polyamides, -
additives, -
applications, -
aromatic, -
crystalline aromatic, -
elastomeric, -
enhanced solubility, -
general properties of nylons, -
glass-clear, -
glass-filled nylons, -
intermediates for aliphatic polyamides,
low molecular weight,
polymerisation for aliphatic polyamides,
processing of nylons, -
structure and properties of aliphatic
polyamides, -
-
-
Polyarylates,
Polyaryl ether ketones, -
Poly-p-benzamide.
Polybenzoxazines (PBZs), -
Poly(y-benzyl-L-glutamate),
Poly- , -bischloromethyloxacyclobutane,
Polybiends, - ,
Polybut-l-ene, -
Polybutadiene, -
, -Polybutadiene, -
I, -Polybutadiene,
cis-l, -Polybutadiene,
Poly(buty ene terephthalate) (PBT),
Polycaprolactones,
Polycarbodi-imide resins, -
Polycarbonate/ABS grades,
Polycarbonate/polyether-imides,
Polycarbonate-polybutylene teraphthalate
Polycarbonate-polyethylene teraphthalate
Polycarbonates, - I
atactic,
- ,
alloys (PC-PBT),
alloys (PC-PET),
alloys based on bis-phenol A
applications of bis-phenol A polycarbonates,
carbonic ester polymers, -
commercial grades, -
ester exchange, -
general properties, -
phosgenation process, -
polycarbonates, -
-
polyester carbonates and block copolymers,
-
polymer preparation, - Index
Polycarbonates-continued
processing characteristics, -
production of intermediates, -
structure and properties, - ,
Poly(carborane siloxanes),
Polychloroacrylates,
Polychlorotrifluoroethylenecopolymers
Polycrystallinity,
Poly-( , )-cyclohexylenedimethylene
Terephthalate-co-isophthalate), -
Poly-( , )-cyclohexylenedimethyleneterephthalate) (PCT), -
Polycyclohexytethylene (PCHE),
PoIy( -dibromo- , -phenylene oxide), -
Poly-( , -dimethyl-p-phenylene oxide) (PPO),
(PCTFE), -
-
modified, -
polyamide,
processing and application,
structure and properties, -
styrenic, -
Polydimethylsiloxane rubbers, modified,
Polyesteramide BAK resins,
Polyester carbonates, -
Polyester foams, -
Polyester-glass fibre laminates, -
Polyester resins, -
allyl resins, -
curing systems, -
diluents, -
fibre-forming, -
film-forming, -
glass fibre laminates, -
highly aromatic linear, -
laminating,
liquid crystal, -
moulding compositions, -
plasticisers.
poly(buty ene terephthalate), -
polycaprolactones,
poly-( , )-cyclohexylenedimethyleneterephthalate) (PCT), -
poly(ethy ene terephthalate) moulding
materials, -
poly(pivalolactone), -
production, -
raw materials, -
rubbery,
saturated acids, -
special materials, -
structure and properties,
surface coatings, -
thermoplastic elastomers, -
unsaturated, -
water-extended polyesters,
Polyesteramides, -
Polyesters,
-
one-shot, -
linear aromatic, - , -
liquid crystal, -
Polyetheretherketones (PEEK),
Polyether foams, -
one-shot, -
quasi-prepolymer,
Polyether-imides,
Polyetherimides, -
Polyether prepolymers, -
Polyethers, -
Polyethylene, - , -
elastomeric, -
additives, -
amorphous density,
applications, - ,
branching, -
brittle point,
characteristics,
chemical properties, -
chlorinated, -
chlorosulphonated,
cross-linked, -
crystallinity,
crystallisation, SO,
density,
electrical properties,
fillers,
flow properties,
glass transition temperature,
grades,
high-density (HDPE), - , - ,
high molecular weight,
light stability,
limitations,
linear low-density (LLDPE), - ,

, -
film,
properties,
low-density (LDPE), -
low molecular weight,
mechanical properties, -
melt viscosity, - ,
molecular weight differences,
oxidation,
permeability,
polarisation,
polymerisation, -
high-pressure, -
interfacial,
making linear low-density polyethylene,
Phillips process, - ,
Standard Oil Company (Indiana) process,
Ziegler processes, - ,

,
preparation of monomer,
processing, -
properties of LLDPE and VLDPE,
solvents for,
structure and properties, -
thermal properties, - ,
ultra-high molecular weight (UHMWPE),
Index
very high molecular weight (VHMWPE),
very low-density (VLDPE), - ,
viscosity,
yield strength,

Poly(ethy ene naphthalate) (PEN), -
Poly(ethy ene terephthalate) (PET), - ,
, -
glass transition temperature,
moulding materials, -
Polyflon,
Polyformaldehydes,
Polyhaloaldehydes,
Poly-l, -heptadiyne,
Polyhydantoin resins, -
Polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate copolymers
(PHBV), -
Polyimides, -
Polyisobutylene (PIB), -
Polyisocyanurates, -
, -Polyisoprene,
Polymat PC system,
Polymer composites,
Polymeric flow promoters,
Polymerisation:
modified, -
addition,
free radical, - ,
initiation stage, - , - ,
termination stage,
aliphatic polyamides, -
anionic,
bulk, -
cationic,
condensation, -
co-ordination,
double bond,
emulsion,
formaldehyde, -
ionic, -
living,
mass, -
number average degree of,
PCTFE, -
polyethylene, -
poly(methy methacrylate), -
polytetrafluoroethylene, -
poly(viny acetate), -
poly(viny chloride) (PVC), -
poly(viny fluoride),
rearrangement,
ring-opening,
solution,
styrene-based plastics, -
suspension, -
vinyl chloride polymers, -
Polymerisation, addition, propagation or
Polymerisation kinetics,
Polymerisation methods,
Polymerisation temperature,
growth stage,
Polymer polyols,
Polymers:
amorphous,
brimoddl,
co-ordination, -
cross-linked, -
crystalline,
definition,
dispersion,
electrical conductivity, - ,
electronic applications, -
emulsion,
ethylene,
fluorine-containing, -
granular,
heat-resisting, -
high,
high-temperature, - ,
inorganic, -
intrinsically conductive, -
ionically conductive, -
ladder, -
liquid crystal,
living,
mass,
MBS, -
monodisperse,
non-polar, -
polar,
polydisperse,
solubility, -
spiro, -
stereoregular,
thermosetting acrylic, -
Poly(methacrylimide), -
Poly(methy acrylate),
Polymethylene,
Poly(methy methacrylate),
-
additives,
applications, -
copolymerisation, -
depolymerisation,
dipoles,
general properties, -
impact strength,
melt viscosity,
plasticised,
polymerisation, -
preparation of monomer, -
processing, -
solubility parameter, I
stability,
structure and properties,
thermal degradation rate, -
viscosity,
Poly(methy methacrylimides) (PMM),
Poly-( -methylpent- I-ene) (P MPI). -
applications,
general properties,
processing,
structure and properties, - Index
Poly(n-dodecyl methacrylate),
Polynorbornene, -
Polyolefins,
Polyoxacyclobutane,
Polyoxymethylene,
Poly(parabanic acids), G
Poly(pheny ene oxides),
alkyl substituted, -
halogenated,
poly( , -dibromo- , -phenylene oxide),
-
Polyox,
Polyphenylenes, -
Poly(pheny ene-sulphides), -
Poly-p-phenyline,
Poly-@-phenyline sulphide),
Polyphthalamide plastics,
Poly(pivalolactone), -
Polypropylene, -
amorphous polyarylene sulphides,
additives, -
applications, - , - ,
atactic, - ,
chlorinated,
fillers,
isotactic, -
linear,
optical properties,
preparation of, -
processing characteristics, - ,
solvents for,
stability,
structure and properties, - , -
syndiotactic, -

Polypropylene adipate,
Polypropylene sebacate,
Polypyrrole,
Polysiloxane-polyetherimide copolymers,
Polystyrene,

exoanded. -
high-impact (HIPS),
-
impact strength,
melt viscosity,
molecular weight,
oriented, -
processing, -
solvents for,
stereoregular,
structure and properties, -
syndiotactic, -
toughened (TPS), -
Polystyrol,
Polysulphides, - , -
Polysulphones, -
applications, -
blends,
general properties, -
processing,
structure and properties,
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE),
, -
additives, -
applications, -
chemical reactivity,
density,
general properties, -
molecular weight,
polymerisation, -
preparation of monomer,
processing, -
solvents for,
stability,
structure and properties, -
Poly(trimethy ene terephthalate) (P'IT),
Polyurethane-acrylic blends,
Polyurethane foam,
Polyurethanes, -
coatings and adhesives,
crystalline moulding, -
fibres, -
flexible foams, -
polycarbodi-imide resins, -
polyurethane-acrylic blends,
rigid and semi-rigid foams, -
rubbers, -
properties and applications,
self-skinning foams and RIM process,
thermoplastic, -
Poly(viny acetals), -
poly(viny butyral), -
poly(viny formal), -
-
Poly(viny acetate) and derivatives,
-
ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers, -
polymerisation, -
poly(viny acetals), -
poly(viny alcohol), -
poly(viny cinnamate), -
preparation of monomer, -
properties and uses,
applications,
structure and properties, -
Poly(viny butyral), -
Poly(viny carbazole), -
Poly(viny chloride) (PVC),
Poly(viny alcohol), -
additives,
applications, -
chlorinated, -
compounding ingredients, -
copolymers, -
copolymers with propylene,
crystalline,
dipoles,
extenders,
fillers, -
formulations, -
glass transition temperature,
graft polymers,
impact-modified, Index
injection moulding,
latices,
lubricants, -
melt viscosity,
optical properties,
pastes, -
pigments,
plasticised (PPVC). , - ,
plasticisers, G-
polymeric impact modifiers and processing
aids, -
polymerisation, -
processing, -
properties of compounds, -
solvents for,
stabilisers, -
stability,
structure, -
unplasticised (UPVC), - ,
- ,
-
Poly(viny cinnamate), -
Poly(viny ethers), -
Poly(viny fluoride) (PVF),
Poly(viny formal), -
Poly(viny idene chloride),
Poly(viny idene fluoride) (PVDF),
Poly-m-xylylene, -
Poly-p-xylylene,
Postech,
Powder moulding techniques,
Powder processes,
Power factor,
Preforming,
Prepolymers, polyether, -
Prepolymer systems, -
Prevulcanisation inhibitors,
Primary bonds,
Printed circuit board components,
Processing:
-
ABS plastics, -
acetal resins, -
nylons, -
phenol-formaldehyde moulding powder,
-
polycarbonates, -
poly-( , -dimethyl-p-phenyleneoxide)
(PPO),
polyethylene, -
poly(methy methacrylate), -
poly-( -methylpent- I-ene) (P MPl),
polypropylene, - ,
polystyrene, -
polysulphones,
polytetrafluoroethylene, -
poly(viny chloride) (PVC), -
urea-formaldehyde resins, -
Processing aids,
Processing techniques, -
casting processes,
melt processing of thermoplastics, -
melt processing of thermosetting plastics,
poly(viny chloride), -
in rubbery state, -
solution processes,
suspension processes,
-
Processing temperatures, - ,
Product design, -
-
,
distortion, voids and frozen-in stress,
recovery from deformation, -
rigidity of plastics materials, -
stress-strain-time behaviour, -
toughness, -
Propiofan,
Propylene,
-
Propylene glycol,
Propylene oxide,
Protein plastics,
Proton acceptors,
Proton donors,
Pseudo-elastic design approach,
Pseudoplasticity,
Pyre ML,
Pyro-Chek PB,
Pyroelectric properties,
Pyromellitic dianhydride IV,
copolymers with N-cyclohexylmaleimide,
Quacorr RPIOOA,
Questra,
Quiana,
Quinone,
Rabinowitsch equation,
Radel,
Radiation cross-linking,
Rafaelite,
Rainwear,
Rupru Abstracts,
Raschig process,
Rate constant,
Rate of flow,
Raw materials, -
Reaction injection moulding (RIM) process,
Reaction rate, -
Recovery from deformation, -
Reflectance,
Refractive index, - ,
Regulators,
Reinforced reaction injection moulding
Reinforcement,
Reinforcing fillers,
Relative permittivity,
Relative temperature index (RTI), -
Relaxation time,
, - ,
(RRIM) process, Index
Release agents,
Rennet.
Repulsion effect,
Resin XP ,
Resitol,
Resols, - ,
Resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesives,
Rexene,
Rheopexy,
Rhodoviol,
Ribbed smoked sheet (RSS),
Ricinoleates,
Ricinoloxazolinmaleinate,
Rigid foams, -
Rigidity of plastics materials, -
assessment of maximum service
temperature, -
Rilsan N,
Ring products,
Ring structures,
Rohacell,
Rossi-Peakes flow test,
Rotatjon about bonds, -
Rotational casting methods,
Rotational energies,
Rotational moulding, - ,
Rubber-bridge theory,
Rubber hydrochloride,
Rubbers, -
acrylate, -
aliphatic olefin, -
brominated butyl,
butadiene-acronytrile,
butadiene-pentadiene,
butyl,
cast polyurethane, -
chlorinated, -
chloroprene, -
cold,
constant-viscosity,
cyclised,
diene, -
dimethylsilicone,
epichlorhydrin,
ethylene-propylene, - ,

fluorine-containing, -
hot,
liquid silicone, -
millable gums,
modified polydimethylsiloxane, -
natural, - , -
nitrile, - ,
polybutadiene, -
polypropylene,
polyurethanes, -
silicone, -
styrene-butadiene, - ,
synthetic,
synthetic polyisoprene, -
terpolymer,
, -
thermoplastic,
thermoplastic diene, -
thermoplastic polyolefin (TPORs), - ,
thermoplastic polyurethane, -

Rubber-to-metal bonding, -
Rubbery cyclo-olefin (cyclo-alkene) polymers,
-
aliphatic polyalkenamers, -
chlorine-containing copolymers,
polynorbomene,
Rubbery materials, - ,
Rubbery polymers,
Rubbones,
Rucodor,
Runaway reactions,

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ABO ELDEEB كتب:

م احمد السلام عليكم بكل اسف الرابط لا يعمل

وعليكم السلام ورحمة الله وبركاته
تم تعديل الرابط

كيفية التسجيل فى منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى

طريقة التنزيل من المنتدى خطوة بخطوة

الهارد الشامل والمتكامل لقسم ميكانيكا

الروارط لاتعمل

كيفية التسجيل فى منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى

طريقة التنزيل من المنتدى خطوة بخطوة

الهارد الشامل والمتكامل لقسم ميكانيكا

hmoo كتب:: الروارط لاتعمل

تم تعديل الرابط
وإذا وجدت أى رابط أخر لا يعمل
نرجو ترك رد فى الموضوع
وسيتم تعديله على الفور إن شاء الله

كيفية التسجيل فى منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى

طريقة التنزيل من المنتدى خطوة بخطوة

الهارد الشامل والمتكامل لقسم ميكانيكا

جزاك الله خيرا

كيفية التسجيل فى منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى

طريقة التنزيل من المنتدى خطوة بخطوة

الهارد الشامل والمتكامل لقسم ميكانيكا

محمد محمد أحمد كتب:: جزاك الله خيرا

جزانا الله وإياك خيراً

كيفية التسجيل فى منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى

طريقة التنزيل من المنتدى خطوة بخطوة

الهارد الشامل والمتكامل لقسم ميكانيكا

******************************************************

الرابط لا يعمل

كيفية التسجيل فى منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى

طريقة التنزيل من المنتدى خطوة بخطوة

الهارد الشامل والمتكامل لقسم ميكانيكا

» كتاب Brydson’s Plastics Materials
» كتاب Plastics Materials - Properties and Applications
» كتاب Plastics Materials and Processes - a Concise Encyclopedia
» كتاب Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook - Processing and Materials
» كتاب Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook - Processing and Materials