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 |  موضوع: كتاب Engineering Analysis with ANSYS Software الأحد 27 مايو 2012, 11:29 pm | |
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تذكير بمساهمة فاتح الموضوع : أخوانى فى الله
أحضرت لكم كتاب
Engineering Analysis with ANSYS Software
Y. Nakasone and S. Yoshimoto
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Mechanical Engineering
School of Engineering and Design
Brunel University, Middlesex, UK
ويتناول الموضوعات الأتية :
Contents
Preface xiii
The aims and scope of the book xv
Chapter
1 Basics of finite-element method 1
1.1 Method of weighted residuals 2
1.1.1 Sub-domain method (Finite volume method) 2
1.1.2 Galerkin method 4
1.2 Rayleigh–Ritz method 5
1.3 Finite-element method 7
1.3.1 One-element case 10
1.3.2 Three-element case 11
1.4 FEM in two-dimensional elastostatic problems 14
1.4.1 Elements of finite-element procedures in the analysis of
plane elastostatic problems 15
1.4.2 Fundamental formulae in plane elastostatic problems 16
1.4.2.1 Equations of equilibrium 16
1.4.2.2 Strain–displacement relations 16
1.4.2.3 Stress–strain relations (constitutive equations) 17
1.4.2.4 Boundary conditions 19
1.4.3 Variational formulae in elastostatic problems: the principle
of virtual work 21
1.4.4 Formulation of the fundamental finite-element equations
in plane elastostatic problems 21
1.4.4.1 Strain–displacement matrix or matrix 21
1.4.4.2 Stress–strain matrix or [D] matrix 25
1.4.4.3 Element stiffness equations 25
1.4.4.4 Global stiffness equations 27
1.4.4.5 Example: Finite-element calculations for a square
plate subjected to uniaxial uniform tension 30
Bibliography 34
vvi Contents
Chapter
2 Overview of ANSYS structure and visual
capabilities 37
2.1 Introduction 37
2.2 Starting the program 38
2.2.1 Preliminaries 38
2.2.2 Saving and restoring jobs 40
2.2.3 Organization of files 41
2.2.4 Printing and plotting 42
2.2.5 Exiting the program 43
2.3 Preprocessing stage 43
2.3.1 Building a model 43
2.3.1.1 Defining element types and real constants 44
2.3.1.2 Defining material properties 46
2.3.2 Construction of the model 47
2.3.2.1 Creating the model geometry 47
2.3.2.2 Applying loads 48
2.4 Solution stage 49
2.5 Postprocessing stage 50
Chapter
3 Application of ANSYS to stress analysis 51
3.1 Cantilever beam 51
3.1.1 Example problem: A cantilever beam 52
3.1.2 Problem description 53
3.1.2.1 Review of the solutions obtained by the
elementary beam theory 53
3.1.3 Analytical procedures 53
3.1.3.1 Creation of an analytical model 53
3.1.3.2 Input of the elastic properties of the beam
material 56
3.1.3.3 Finite-element discretization of the beam area 57
3.1.3.4 Input of boundary conditions 62
3.1.3.5 Solution procedures 71
3.1.3.6 Graphical representation of the results 73
3.1.4 Comparison of FEM results with experimental ones 76
3.1.5 Problems to solve 76
Appendix: Procedures for creating stepped beams 80
A3.1 Creation of a stepped beam 80
A3.1.1 How to cancel the selection of areas 81
A3.2 Creation of a stepped beam with a rounded fillet 81
A3.2.1 How to display area numbers 84Contents vii
3.2 The principle of St. Venant 84
3.2.1 Example problem: An elastic strip subjected to distributed
uniaxial tensile stress or negative pressure at one end
and clamped at the other end 84
3.2.2 Problem description 85
3.2.3 Analytical procedures 85
3.2.3.1 Creation of an analytical model 85
3.2.3.2 Input of the elastic properties of the strip material 86
3.2.3.3 Finite-element discretization of the strip area 86
3.2.3.4 Input of boundary conditions 88
3.2.3.5 Solution procedures 89
3.2.3.6 Contour plot of stress 92
3.2.4 Discussion 92
3.3 Stress concentration due to elliptic holes 93
3.3.1 Example problem: An elastic plate with an elliptic hole in
its center subjected to uniform longitudinal tensile stress ?o
at one end and damped at the other end 93
3.3.2 Problem description 94
3.3.3 Analytical procedures 94
3.3.3.1 Creation of an analytical model 94
3.3.3.2 Input of the elastic properties of the plate
material 97
3.3.3.3 Finite-element discretization of the quarter
plate area 98
3.3.3.4 Input of boundary conditions 99
3.3.3.5 Solution procedures 100
3.3.3.6 Contour plot of stress 101
3.3.3.7 Observation of the variation of the longitudinal
stress distribution in the ligament region 101
3.3.4 Discussion 102
3.3.5 Problems to solve 105
3.4 Stress singularity problem 106
3.4.1 Example problem: An elastic plate with a crack of length 2a
in its center subjected to uniform longitudinal tensile stress
?0 at one end and clamped at the other end 106
3.4.2 Problem description 106
3.4.3 Analytical procedures 107
3.4.3.1 Creation of an analytical model 107
3.4.3.2 Input of the elastic properties of the plate
material 110
3.4.3.3 Finite-element discretization of the centercracked tension plate area 110
3.4.3.4 Input of boundary conditions 113
3.4.3.5 Solution procedures 114
3.4.3.6 Contour plot of stress 115
3.4.4 Discussion 116
3.4.5 Problems to solve 118
3.5 Two-dimensional contact stress 120viii Contents
3.5.1 Example problem: An elastic cylinder with a radius of length
(a) pressed against a flat surface of a linearly elastic medium
by a force 120
3.5.2 Problem description 120
3.5.3 Analytical procedures 121
3.5.3.1 Creation of an analytical model 121
3.5.3.2 Input of the elastic properties of the material for
the cylinder and the flat plate 123
3.5.3.3 Finite-element discretization of the cylinder and
the flat plate areas 123
3.5.3.4 Input of boundary conditions 133
3.5.3.5 Solution procedures 135
3.5.3.6 Contour plot of stress 136
3.5.4 Discussion 136
3.5.5 Problems to solve 138
References 141
Chapter
4 Mode analysis 143
4.1 Introduction 143
4.2 Mode analysis of a straight bar 144
4.2.1 Problem description 144
4.2.2 Analytical solution 144
4.2.3 Model for finite-element analysis 145
4.2.3.1 Element type selection 145
4.2.3.2 Real constants for beam element 147
4.2.3.3 Material properties 147
4.2.3.4 Create keypoints 149
4.2.3.5 Create a line for beam element 151
4.2.3.6 Create mesh in a line 152
4.2.3.7 Boundary conditions 154
4.2.4 Execution of the analysis 157
4.2.4.1 Definition of the type of analysis 157
4.2.4.2 Execute calculation 159
4.2.5 Postprocessing 161
4.2.5.1 Read the calculated results of the first mode of
vibration 161
4.2.5.2 Plot the calculated results 161
4.2.5.3 Read the calculated results of the second and third
modes of vibration 161
4.3 Mode analysis of a suspension for hard-disc drive 163
4.3.1 Problem description 163
4.3.2 Create a model for analysis 163
4.3.2.1 Element type selection 163
4.3.2.2 Real constants for beam element 165
4.3.2.3 Material properties 168Contents ix
4.3.2.4 Create keypoints 168
4.3.2.5 Create areas for suspension 171
4.3.2.6 Boolean operation 175
4.3.2.7 Create mesh in areas 177
4.3.2.8 Boundary conditions 179
4.3.3 Analysis 182
4.3.3.1 Define the type of analysis 182
4.3.3.2 Execute calculation 182
4.3.4 Postprocessing 183
4.3.4.1 Read the calculated results of the first mode of
vibration 183
4.3.4.2 Plot the calculated results 183
4.3.4.3 Read the calculated results of higher modes of
vibration 184
4.4 Mode analysis of a one-axis precision moving table
using elastic hinges 188
4.4.1 Problem description 188
4.4.2 Create a model for analysis 189
4.4.2.1 Select element type 189
4.4.2.2 Material properties 189
4.4.2.3 Create keypoints 192
4.4.2.4 Create areas for the table 193
4.4.2.5 Create mesh in areas 197
4.4.2.6 Boundary conditions 201
4.4.3 Analysis 205
4.4.3.1 Define the type of analysis 205
4.4.3.2 Execute calculation 208
4.4.4 Postprocessing 209
4.4.4.1 Read the calculated results of the first mode of
vibration 209
4.4.4.2 Plot the calculated results 209
4.4.4.3 Read the calculated results of the second and third
modes of vibration 210
4.4.4.4 Animate the vibration mode shape 211
Chapter
5 Analysis for fluid dynamics 215
5.1 Introduction 215
5.2 Analysis of flow structure in a diffuser 216
5.2.1 Problem description 216
5.2.2 Create a model for analysis 216
5.2.2.1 Select kind of analysis 216
5.2.2.2 Element type selection 217
5.2.2.3 Create keypoints 219
5.2.2.4 Create areas for diffuser 221x Contents
5.2.2.5 Create mesh in lines and areas 222
5.2.2.6 Boundary conditions 226
5.2.3 Execution of the analysis 231
5.2.3.1 FLOTRAN set up 231
5.2.4 Execute calculation 233
5.2.5 Postprocessing 234
5.2.5.1 Read the calculated results of the first mode of
vibration 234
5.2.5.2 Plot the calculated results 234
5.2.5.3 Plot the calculated results by path operation 237
5.3 Analysis of flow structure in a channel with a butterfly
valve 242
5.3.1 Problem description 242
5.3.2 Create a model for analysis 242
5.3.2.1 Select kind of analysis 242
5.3.2.2 Select element type 243
5.3.2.3 Create keypoints 243
5.3.2.4 Create areas for flow channel 245
5.3.2.5 Subtract the valve area from the channel area 245
5.3.2.6 Create mesh in lines and areas 246
5.3.2.7 Boundary conditions 248
5.3.3 Execution of the analysis 251
5.3.3.1 FLOTRAN set up 251
5.3.4 Execute calculation 253
5.3.5 Postprocessing 254
5.3.5.1 Read the calculated results 254
5.3.5.2 Plot the calculated results 255
5.3.5.3 Detailed view of the calculated flow velocity 256
5.3.5.4 Plot the calculated results by path operation 259
Chapter
6 Application of ANSYS to thermo
mechanics 263
6.1 General characteristic of heat transfer problems 263
6.2 Heat transfer through two walls 265
6.2.1 Problem description 265
6.2.2 Construction of the model 265
6.2.3 Solution 276
6.2.4 Postprocessing 280
6.3 Steady-state thermal analysis of a pipe intersection 285
6.3.1 Description of the problem 285
6.3.2 Preparation for model building 288
6.3.3 Construction of the model 291
6.3.4 Solution 298
6.3.5 Postprocessing stage 306
6.4 Heat dissipation through ribbed surface 312Contents xi
6.4.1 Problem description 312
6.4.2 Construction of the model 313
6.4.3 Solution 321
6.4.4 Postprocessing 325
Chapter
7 Application of ANSYS to contact between
machine elements 331
7.1 General characteristics of contact problems 331
7.2 Example problems 332
7.2.1 Pin-in-hole interference fit 332
7.2.1.1 Problem description 332
7.2.1.2 Construction of the model 333
7.2.1.3 Material properties and element type 338
7.2.1.4 Meshing 339
7.2.1.5 Creation of contact pair 342
7.2.1.6 Solution 347
7.2.1.7 Postprocessing 352
7.2.2 Concave contact between cylinder and two blocks 359
7.2.2.1 Problem description 359
7.2.2.2 Model construction 360
7.2.2.3 Material properties 365
7.2.2.4 Meshing 368
7.2.2.5 Creation of contact pair 372
7.2.2.6 Solution 374
7.2.2.7 Postprocessing 379
7.2.3 Wheel-on-rail line contact 382
7.2.3.1 Problem description 382
7.2.3.2 Model construction 385
7.2.3.3 Properties of material 391
7.2.3.4 Meshing 392
7.2.3.5 Creation of contact pair 398
7.2.3.6 Solution 401
7.2.3.7 Postprocessing 404
7.2.4 O-ring assembly 410
7.2.4.1 Problem description 410
7.2.4.2 Model construction 412
7.2.4.3 Selection of materials 413
7.2.4.4 Geometry of the assembly and meshing 423
7.2.4.5 Creating contact interface 427
7.2.4.6 Solution 436
7.2.4.7 Postprocessing (first load step) 442
7.2.4.8 Solution (second load step) 444
7.2.4.9 Postprocessing (second load step) 451
Index 45
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