كتاب Mechanical Behavior of Materials (2nd Ed)

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Mechanical Behavior of Materials (2nd Ed)
William F Hosford (CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS )

ويتناول الموضوعات الأتية :

Stress and Strain
Introduction
Stress
Sign Convention
Transformation of Axes
Principal Stresses
Mohr’s Stress Circles
Strains
Small Strains
Transformation of Axes
Mohr’s Strain Circles
Force and Moment Balances
Boundary Conditions
Note
Problems
Elasticity
Introduction
Isotropic Elasticity
Variation of Young’s Modulus
Isotropic Thermal Expansion
Elastic Anisotropy
Orientation Dependence of Elastic Response
Orientation Dependence in Cubic Crystals
Orientation Dependence in Noncubic Crystals
Orientation Dependence in Materials Other Than Single Crystals
Anisotropic Thermal Expansion
References
Notes
Problems
Mechanical Testing
Introduction
Tensile Specimens
Stress–Strain Curves
Ductility
True Stress and Strain
The Bridgman Correction
Temperature Rise
Sheet Anisotropy
Measurement of Force and Strain
Axial Alignment
Special Problems
Compression Test
Plane–Strain Compression
Plane–Strain Tension
Biaxial Tension (Hydraulic Bulge Test)
Torsion Test
Bend Tests
Hardness Tests
Mutual Indentation Hardness
References
Notes
Problems
Strain Hardening of Metals
Introduction
Mathematical Approximations
Power Law Approximation
Necking
Work Per Volume
Localization of Strain at Defects
Notes
Problems
Plasticity Theory
Introduction
Yield Criteria
Tresca (maximum shear stress criterion)
Von Mises Criterion
Flow Rules
Principle of Normality
Effective Stress and Effective Strain
Other Isotropic Yield Criteria
Anisotropic Plasticity
Effect of Strain Hardening on the Yield Locus
References
Strain Rate and Temperature Dependence of Flow Stress
Introduction
Strain Rate Dependence of Flow Stress
Superplasticity
Combined Strain and Strain Rate Effects
Strain Rate Sensitivity of bcc Metals
Temperature Dependence
Combined Temperature and Strain Rate Effects
Hot Working
References
Notes
Problems
Slip and Crystallographic Textures
Introduction
Slip Systems
Schmid’s Law
Strains Produced by Slip
Strain Hardening of fcc Single Crystals
Tensile Deformation of fcc Crystals
Slip in bcc Crystals
Slip in hcp Crystals
Lattice Rotation in Tension
Lattice Rotation in Compression
Texture Formation in Polycrystals
Approximate Calculations of R Values
Deformation of Polycrystals
Texture Strengthening
Effects of Texture on Microstructure
References
Notes
Problems
Dislocation Geometry and Energy
Introduction
Theoretical Strength of Crystals
The Nature of Dislocations
Burgers Vectors
Energy of a Screw Dislocation
Reactions between Parallel Dislocations and Frank’s Rule
Stress Fields around Dislocations
Forces on Dislocations
Partial Dislocations in fcc Crystals
Stacking Faults
Dislocation Mechanics
Introduction
Frank-Read Sources
Dislocation Pile-Ups
Cross-Slip
Dislocation Intersections
Climb
References
Note
Problems
Mechanical Twinning and Martenitic Shear
Introduction
Formal Notation
Twinning Shear
Twinning in fcc Metals
Twinning in bcc Metals
Twinning in hcp Metals
Shapes of Twins
Mechanism of Twinning
Martensite Transformation
Shape Memory and Superelasticity
References
Note
Problems
Hardening Mechanisms in Metals
Introduction
Crystal Structure
Grain Size
Strain Hardening
Solid Solution Strengthening
Dispersion Strengthening
Yield Points and Strain Aging
Combined Effects
References
Notes
Problems
Discontinuous and Inhomogeneous Deformation
Stick-Slip Phenomena
Dynamic Strain Aging
Other Causes of Serrated Stress–Strain Curves
Strain Localization
Reference
Notes
Problems
Ductility and Fracture
Introduction
Ductile Fracture
Brittle Fracture
Impact Energy
References
Notes
Problems
Fracture Mechanics
Introduction
Theoretical Fracture Strength
Stress Concentration
Griffith Theory
Orowan Theory
Fracture Modes
Irwin’s Fracture Analysis
Plastic Zone Size
Thin Sheets
Temperature and Loading Rate
Metallurgical Variables
Fracture Mechanics in Design
Compact Tensile Specimens
Strain–Energy Release
The J Integral
References
Notes
Problems
Appendix Size and Shape of the Plastic Zone at the Crack Tip
Viscoelasticity
Introduction
Rheological Models
Series Combination of Spring and Dashpot
Parallel Combination of Spring and Dashpot
Combined Series Parallel Model
More Complex Models
Damping
Natural Decay
Elastic Modulus – Relaxed versus Unrelaxed
Thermoelastic Effect
Snoek Effect in bcc Metals
Other Damping Mechanisms
References
Notes
Problems
Creep and Stress Rupture
Introduction
Creep Mechanisms
Temperature Dependence of Creep
Deformation Mechanism Maps
Cavitation
Rupture versus Creep
Extrapolation Schemes
Alloys for High-Temperature Use
References
Notes
Problems
Fatigue
Introduction
Surface Observations
Nomenclature
S-N Curves
Effect of Mean Stress
The Palmgren-Miner Rule
Stress Concentration
Surfaces
Design Estimates
Metallurgical Variables
Strains to Failure
Crack Propagation
Cyclic Stress–Strain Behavior
Temperature and Cycling Rate Effects
Fatigue of Polymers
Fatigue Testing
Design Considerations
Summary
References
Notes
Problems
Residual Stresses
Introduction
Small-Scale Stresses
Bauschinger Effect
Nonuniform Cooling
Nonuniform Material
Stresses from Welding
Stresses from Mechanical Working
Consequences of Residual Stresses
Measurement of Residual Stresses
Relief of Residual Stresses
References
Notes
Problems
Ceramics and Glasses
Introduction
Elastic Properties
Slip Systems
Hardness
Weibull Analysis
Testing
Porosity
High-Temperature Behavior
Fracture Toughness
Toughening of Ceramics
Fatigue
Silicate Glasses
Strength of Glasses
Thermally Induced Stresses
Delayed Fracture
Glassy Metals
References
Notes
Problems
Polymers
Introduction
Elastic Behavior
Rubber Elasticity
Damping
Yielding
Effect of Strain Rate
Effect of Pressure
Crazing
Yielding of Fibers in Compression
Fracture
Deformation Mechanism Maps
Shape-Memory Effect
Composites
Introduction
Fiber-Reinforced Composites
Elastic Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Composites
Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Composites
Volume Fraction of Fibers
Orientation Dependence of Strength
Fiber Length
Failure with Discontinuous Fibers
Failure under Compression
Typical Properties
Particulate Composites
Brick Wall Model
Lamellar Composites
Morphology of Foams
Mechanical Properties of Foams
Metal Foams
Flexible Foams – Open Cell
Flexible Foams – Closed Cell
References
Notes
Problems
Mechanical Working
Introduction
Bulk-Forming Energy Balance
Deformation Zone Geometry
Friction in Bulk Forming
Formability
Deep Drawing
Stamping
References
Notes
Problems
APPENDIX I: Miller Indices
APPENDIX II: Stereographic Representation of Orientations

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كتاب Mechanical Behavior of Materials (2nd Ed) 4276