rambomenaa كبير مهندسين
عدد المساهمات : 2041 التقييم : 3379 تاريخ التسجيل : 21/01/2012 العمر : 47 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير الصيانة بشركة تصنيع ورق الجامعة : حلوان
| موضوع: كتاب Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design Eleventh Edition الأربعاء 20 يونيو 2012, 6:22 am | |
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design Eleventh Edition Richard G. Budynas Professor Emeritus, Kate Gleason College of Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology J. Keith Nisbett Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Preface xv Part Basics Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Design Materials Load and Stress Analysis Deflection and Stiffness Part Failure Prevention Failures Resulting from Static Loading Fatigue Failure Resulting from Variable Loading Part Design of Mechanical Elements Shafts and Shaft Components Screws, Fasteners, and the Design of Nonpermanent Joints Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints Page ix Mechanical Springs Rolling-Contact Bearings Lubrication and Journal Bearings Gears—General Spur and Helical Gears Bevel and Worm Gears Clutches, Brakes, Couplings, and Flywheels Flexible Mechanical Elements Power Transmission Case Study Part Special Topics Finite-Element Analysis Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing Appendixes Useful Tables Answers to Selected Problems Index Preface xv Part Basics Chapter Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Design Design Mechanical Engineering Design Phases and Interactions of the Design Process Design Tools and Resources The Design Engineer's Professional Responsibilities Standards and Codes Economics Safety and Product Liability Stress and Strength Uncertainty Design Factor and Factor of Safety Reliability and Probability of Failure Relating Design Factor to Reliability Dimensions and Tolerances Units Calculations and Significant Figures - Design Topic Interdependencies Power Transmission Case Study Specifications Problems Chapter Materials Material Strength and Stiffness The Statistical Significance of Material Properties Plastic Deformation and Cold Work Cyclic Stress-Strain Properties Hardness Impact Properties Temperature Effects Numbering Systems Sand Casting Shell Molding Investment Casting Powder-Metallurgy Process Hot-Working Processes Cold-Working Processes The Heat Treatment of Steel Alloy Steels Corrosion-Resistant Steels Casting Materials Nonferrous Metals Plastics Composite Materials Materials Selection - Page xi Problems Chapter Load and Stress Analysis Equilibrium and Free-Body Diagrams Shear Force and Bending Moments in Beams Singularity Functions Stress Cartesian Stress Components Mohr's Circle for Plane Stress General Three-Dimensional Stress Elastic Strain Uniformly Distributed Stresses Normal Stresses for Beams in Bending Shear Stresses for Beams in Bending Torsion Stress Concentration Stresses in Pressurized Cylinders Stresses in Rotating Rings Press and Shrink Fits Temperature Effects Curved Beams in Bending Contact Stresses Summary Problems Chapter - Deflection and Stiffness Spring Rates Tension, Compression, and Torsion Deflection Due to Bending Beam Deflection Methods Beam Deflections by Superposition Beam Deflections by Singularity Functions Strain Energy Castigliano's Theorem Deflection of Curved Members Statically Indeterminate Problems Compression Members–General Long Columns with Central Loading Intermediate-Length Columns with Central Loading Columns with Eccentric Loading Struts or Short Compression Members Elastic Stability Shock and Impact Problems Part Failure Prevention Chapter Failures Resulting from Static Loading Static Strength - Stress Concentration Failure Theories Maximum-Shear-Stress Theory for Ductile Materials Distortion-Energy Theory for Ductile Materials Coulomb-Mohr Theory for Ductile Materials Failure of Ductile Materials Summary Maximum-Normal-Stress Theory for Brittle Materials Modifications of the Mohr Theory for Brittle Materials Failure of Brittle Materials Summary Selection of Failure Criteria Introduction to Fracture Mechanics Important Design Equations Problems Chapter Fatigue Failure Resulting from Variable Loading Introduction to Fatigue Chapter Overview Crack Nucleation and Propagation Fatigue-Life Methods The Linear-Elastic Fracture Mechanics Method The Strain-Life Method The Stress-Life Method and the S-N Diagram The Idealized S-N Diagram for Steels Endurance Limit Modifying Factors Stress Concentration and Notch Sensitivity - Page xii Characterizing Fluctuating Stresses The Fluctuating-Stress Diagram Fatigue Failure Criteria Constant-Life Curves Fatigue Failure Criterion for Brittle Materials Combinations of Loading Modes Cumulative Fatigue Damage Surface Fatigue Strength Road Maps and Important Design Equations for the Stress-Life Method Problems Part Design of Mechanical Elements Chapter Shafts and Shaft Components Introduction Shaft Materials Shaft Layout Shaft Design for Stress Deflection Considerations Critical Speeds for Shafts Miscellaneous Shaft Components Limits and Fits Problems - Chapter Screws, Fasteners, and the Design of Nonpermanent Joints Thread Standards and Definitions The Mechanics of Power Screws Threaded Fasteners Joints–Fastener Stiffness Joints–Member Stiffness Bolt Strength Tension Joints–The External Load Relating Bolt Torque to Bolt Tension Statically Loaded Tension Joint with Preload Gasketed Joints Fatigue Loading of Tension Joints Bolted and Riveted Joints Loaded in Shear Problems Chapter Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints Welding Symbols Butt and Fillet Welds Stresses in Welded Joints in Torsion Stresses in Welded Joints in Bending The Strength of Welded Joints - Static Loading Fatigue Loading Resistance Welding Adhesive Bonding Problems Chapter Mechanical Springs Stresses in Helical Springs The Curvature Effect Deflection of Helical Springs Compression Springs Stability Spring Materials Helical Compression Spring Design for Static Service Critical Frequency of Helical Springs Fatigue Loading of Helical Compression Springs Helical Compression Spring Design for Fatigue Loading Extension Springs Helical Coil Torsion Springs Belleville Springs Miscellaneous Springs Summary Problems Chapter - Page xiii Rolling-Contact Bearings Bearing Types Bearing Life Bearing Load Life at Rated Reliability Reliability versus Life–The Weibull Distribution Relating Load, Life, and Reliability Combined Radial and Thrust Loading Variable Loading Selection of Ball and Cylindrical Roller Bearings Selection of Tapered Roller Bearings Design Assessment for Selected Rolling-Contact Bearings Lubrication Mounting and Enclosure Problems Chapter Lubrication and Journal Bearings Types of Lubrication Viscosity Petroff's Equation Stable Lubrication Thick-Film Lubrication Hydrodynamic Theory Design Variables The Relations of the Variables Steady-State Conditions in Self-Contained Bearings Clearance - Pressure-Fed Bearings Loads and Materials Bearing Types Dynamically Loaded Journal Bearings Boundary-Lubricated Bearings Problems Chapter Gears–General Types of Gears Nomenclature Conjugate Action Involute Properties Fundamentals Contact Ratio Interference The Forming of Gear Teeth Straight Bevel Gears Parallel Helical Gears Worm Gears Tooth Systems Gear Trains Force Analysis–Spur Gearing Force Analysis–Bevel Gearing Force Analysis–Helical Gearing Force Analysis–Worm Gearing Problems - Chapter Spur and Helical Gears The Lewis Bending Equation Surface Durability AGMA Stress Equations AGMA Strength Equations Geometry Factors I and J (ZI and YJ) The Elastic Coefficient C p (ZE) Dynamic Factor Kv Overload Factor K o Surface Condition Factor C f (ZR) Size Factor K s Load-Distribution Factor K m (KH) Hardness-Ratio Factor CH (ZW) Stress-Cycle Factors YN and ZN Reliability Factor KR (YZ) Temperature Factor KT (Yθ) Rim-Thickness Factor KB Safety Factors SF and SH Analysis Design of a Gear Mesh Problems Chapter Page xiv Bevel Gearing–General Bevel-Gear Stresses and Strengths AGMA Equation Factors Straight-Bevel Gear Analysis Design of a Straight-Bevel Gear Mesh Worm Gearing–AGMA Equation Worm-Gear Analysis Designing a Worm-Gear Mesh Buckingham Wear Load Problems Chapter Clutches, Brakes, Couplings, and Flywheels Static Analysis of Clutches and Brakes Internal Expanding Rim Clutches and Brakes External Contracting Rim Clutches and Brakes Band-Type Clutches and Brakes Frictional-Contact Axial Clutches Disk Brakes Cone Clutches and Brakes Energy Considerations Temperature Rise Friction Materials Miscellaneous Clutches and Couplings Flywheels Problems - Chapter Flexible Mechanical Elements Belts Flat- and Round-Belt Drives V Belts Timing Belts Roller Chain Wire Rope Flexible Shafts Problems Chapter Power Transmission Case Study Design Sequence for Power Transmission Power and Torque Requirements Gear Specification Shaft Layout Force Analysis Shaft Material Selection Shaft Design for Stress Shaft Design for Deflection Bearing Selection Key and Retaining Ring Selection Final Analysis Problems - Special Topics Chapter Finite-Element Analysis The Finite-Element Method Element Geometries The Finite-Element Solution Process Mesh Generation Load Application Boundary Conditions Modeling Techniques Thermal Stresses Critical Buckling Load Vibration Analysis Summary Problems Chapter Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing Dimensioning and Tolerancing Systems Definition of Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing Datums Controlling Geometric Tolerances - - - - - A B Geometric Characteristic Definitions Material Condition Modifiers Practical Implementation GD&T in CAD Models Glossary of GD&T Terms Problems Appendixes Useful Tables Answers to Selected Problems Index AAb rasion, Absolute stability, Absolute tolerance system, Absolute viscosity, Acme threads, Actual mating envelope, – , Actual strain, Actual stress, Addendum a, Adhesive bonds application of, – joint design and, – references for, stress distributions and, – types of adhesives and, – Admiralty metal, – AGMA equation factors. See also American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA) allowable bending stress numbers, – allowable contact stress, – bending-strength geometry factor, bevel and worm gears, – contact stress and, crowning factor for pitting, dynamic factor, – , elastic coefficient for pitting resistance, – geometry factors, – hardness-ratio factor, – , – lengthwise curvature factor for bending strength, load-distribution factor, – , overload factor, pitting resistance geometry factor, reliability factors, – , – reversed loading, rim-thickness factor, – safety factor, size factor, stress, – stress-cycle factor, – , surface condition factor, surface-strength geometry factor, – temperature factor, worm gearing, – AGMA quality numbers, ALGOR, Alignment (bearings), Allowable bending stress numbers, – Allowable contact stress, – Allowable stress numbers, Allowance, Alloy cast irons, Alloy steels, – , Alternating stress, Aluminum characteristics of, – numbering system for, Aluminum alloys, Aluminum brass, Aluminum bronze, American Bearing Manufacturers Association (ABMA), American Chain Association (ACA), American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA), . See also AGMA equation factors approach of, nomenclature, – standards, – strength equations, – stress equations, – American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) building construction code, American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), American National (Unified) thread standard, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), – , bolt strength standards, lap joint stress, viscosity standards, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), American Welding Society (AWS), Anaerobic adhesives, Angle of action, Angle of approach, Angle of articulation, Angle of recess, Angle of wrap, Angularity control, – Angular-velocity ratio, Annealing, ANSI/AGMA standards, ANSYS, Antifriction bearings, Arc of action, Arc of approach, Arc of recess, Arrow side of joint, Ashby, M. F., ASME. See American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) ASME-elliptic line, ASME Y . - , ASME Y . - Dimensioning and Tolerancing (American Society of Mechanical Engineers), ASME Y . - standard, Associated Spring, ASTM. See American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Austenitic chromium-nickel steels, Automatic self-adaptive mesh refinement programs, – Page Automeshing, Average life, AWS. See American Welding Society (AWS) Axial clutch, frictional contact, – Axial layout, for shaft components, – Axial loads, – Axial pitch, Axial stresses, on shafts, Axle, BBa cklash, Back to back mounting (DB), Bainite, Ball bearings. See also Bearings selection of, – thrust and, – types of, Ball bushings, Band-type clutches and brakes, – Barth, Carl G., Barth equation, Base circle, Base pitch, – Basic dimension, Basic Dynamic Load Rating, Basic static load rating, Basquin’s equation, Bauschinger effect, – Beach marks, Beam deflections due to bending, – methods for, by singularity functions, – by superposition, – Beamswith asymmetrical sections, – bending in curved, – bending moment and curvature of, – normal stresses and beams in bending, – shear force and bending moments in, – shear stresses for beams in bending, – two-plane bending and, – Bearing alloys, – Bearing characteristic number, Bearing life, – , Bearing pressure, Bearing reliability, – Bearings. See also Journal bearings; Rolling-contact bearings; specific types of bearings alignment of, alloys for, – antifriction, ball and cylindrical roller, – , – big-end connecting rod, – boundary-lubricated, – collar, combined radial and thrust loading in, – double-row, life of, – , load life at rated reliability and, – lubrication of, – material choice for, – mounting and enclosure of, – needle, overview of, related load, life, and reliability and, – reliability vs. life of, – rolling-contact, – screw, selection of, – self-aligning, self-contained, – sleeve, tapered roller, – thrust and, types of, – variable loading in, – Bearing stress, Belleville springs, – Belting equation, Belts flat metal, – timing, – , – types of, – V, – Bending moments in beams, – , – , – , – (See also Beams) fundamental equations for, on shafts, in springs, Bending-strength geometry factor, Bending stress, – , – , – , – , . See also Lewis bending equation Bergsträsser factor, Beryllium bronze, Beryllium copper, Bevel and worm gears. See also Gears; Worm gears AGMA equation factors for, – , – AGMA symbols for bevel gear rating equations, – Buckingham wear load and, – classification of, – straight-bevel gear analysis and, – straight-bevel gear mesh design and, – stresses and strengths of, – worm-gear mesh design and, – Bevel gears. See also Bevel and worm gears analysis of straight, – description of, force analysis and, – hypoid, spiral, straight, – , stresses and strengths of, – zerol, – Big-end connecting rod bearings, – Bilateral tolerance, Blake, J. C., Blanking, Bolted joints loaded in shear, – tension-loaded, Bolts. See also Joints function of, preload and, relating bolt torque to bolt tension, – stiffness and, strength of, – thread length of, torquing of, Bonds, adhesive. See Adhesive bonds Bonus tolerance, Booker, J. F., Bottom land, Boundary conditions, Boundary elements, Boundary-lubricated bearings bushing wear and, – description of, – linear sliding wear and, temperature rise and, Boundary lubrication, – Boundary representation (B-rep), Bowman Distribution, Boyd, John, Page Brakes band-type, – cone, – disk, – energy considerations for, – external contracting rim, – friction materials for, – internal expanding rim, – linings for, static analysis of, – temperature rise for, – Brake shoe, Brass, – Breakeven points, Brinell hardness, Brittle-Coulomb-Mohr (BCM) theory, Brittle-ductile transition temperature, Brittle materials Brittle-Coulomb-Mohr (BCM) theory, classification of, failure of, – fatigue failure criteria for, – modifications of Mohr theory for, – relatively, Smith-Dolan fracture criteria for, – stress-concentration factor and, Broghamer, E. I., Bronze, Bubble chart, Buckingham, E., Buckingham load-stress factor, Burnishing, gear, Bushings, – Bushing wear, – Button pad caliper brake, – Butt welds, – CCA D software applications for, – GD&T and, Caliper brakes, – Cap screws, – Carbon steels, Cartesian stress components, – Cartridge brass, Case hardening, – Case study (power transmission). See Power transmission (case study) Castigliano’s theorem, – , – , Casting centrifugal, die, of gear teeth, investment, materials for, – permanent-mold, sand, Casting alloys, Cast irons hardness, numbering system for, – shafts and, stress concentration and, types of, – Cast steels, Catalog load rating, Centrifugal casting, Centrifugal clutch, Cermet pads, CES Edupack software, Chain dimensioning, – Chains, Chains for Power Transmissions and Materials Handling (American Chain Association), Charpy notched-bar test, Chevron lines, Chordal speed variation, Choudury, M., Chrome-silicon wire, Chrome-vanadium wire, Chromium, Circularity control, – Circular pad caliper brake, – Circular pitch p, Circular runout, – Classical method of design, Clearance, journal bearings and, – Clearance c, Clearance circle, Close-wound extension springs, Clough, R. W., Clutches band-type, – cone, – energy considerations for, – external contracting rim, – friction, frictional-contact axial, – friction materials for, – internal expanding rim, – miscellaneous, – static analysis of, – temperature rise for, – uniform pressure in, uniform wear in, – Codes, – Coefficient of friction journal bearings and, in screw threads, torque and, Coefficients of variance, Coining, Cold-drawn steel, Cold rolling, Cold-work factor, Cold working, – , – Cold-working processes, – Collins, J. A., Columns classification of, with eccentric loading, – intermediate-length with central loading, – long with central loading, – Commercial bronze, Commercial seal, Complete journal bearing, Completely reversed stress, Completely reversing simple loading, – Composite materials, Compound gear train, Compound reverted gear train, Compression, Compression members, analysis and design of, Compression springs description of, – extension springs vs., helical, – Compression tests, stress-strain relationships from, Compressive stress, Computational errors, Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) programs, Computation frame, Computer-aided design (CAD) software, – , Computer-aided engineering (CAE), Concentrated force function, Page Concentrated moment function, Concentricity control, Concept design, – Cone angle, – Cone clutch description of, – uniform pressure in, uniform wear in, – Conical springs, Conjugate action, – Constant amplitude loading, Constant-force springs, Constant-life approach, Constant-life curves, – Constructive solid geometry (CSG), Contact adhesives, Contact ratio, – Contact strength (contact fatigue strength), Contact stresses cylindrical, – description of, – , spherical, – Continuing education, Coordinate dimensioning system, . See also Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) Copper-base alloys, Corrosion (endurance limit), Corrosion-resistant steels, Cost considerations. See Economics Cost estimates, Coulomb-Mohr theory, – , Couplings, – Courant, R., Crack growth, Crack modes, stress intensity factor and, – Crack nucleation, fatigue failure from, – Crack propagation, fatigue failure from, Cracks, . See also Fracture mechanics Creep, Creep test, Creep-time curve, Critical buckling load, Critical deflection, of springs, Critical speeds, for shafts, – Critical stress intensity factor, Critical unit load, Crossed belts, Crowned pulleys, Crowning factor for pitting, Cumulative fatigue damage, – Curvature effect, Curve-beam theory, Curved beams, bending in, – Curved members, deflection in, – Curve-fit equations, Curve-fit polynomials, – Cyclic frequency, Cyclic hardening, Cyclic-minimum film thickness, Cyclic Ramberg-Osgood, Cyclic softening, Cyclic strain strengthening exponent, Cyclic strength coefficient, Cyclic stress-strain curve, – Cyclic stress-strain properties, – Cyclic yield strength, Cylindrical contact stresses, – Cylindrical roller bearings, – , – Cylindricity control, DDa mage-tolerant design, Datum features, – , – , – , Datum feature simulator, Datum reference frame, Datums. See also Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) actual mating envelopes and, – description of, – feature symbol for, – immobilization of part and, nonplanar features of, order of, – Dedendum b, Deflection analysis, shafts and, – , – in springs, – Deflection and stiffness, . See also Stiffness beam deflection methods and, beam deflections by singularity functions and, – beam deflections by superposition and, – bending and, – Castigliano’s theorem and, – columns with eccentric loading and, – compression members and, deflection of curved members and, – elastic stability and, – helical springs and, intermediate-length columns with central loading and, – long columns with central loading and, – shock and impact and, – spring rates and, – statically indeterminate problems, – strain energy and, – struts or short compression members and, – tension, compression, and torsion and, Deflection equations, Deformation equation, DE-Gerber criteria, Page Degrees of freedom (dof’s), DE-Morrow criteria, Derived unit, Design basics calculations and significant figures, – case study specifications, – considerations, design factor/factor of safety, – dimensions and tolerances, – economics, – in general, – information sources, – phases and interactions of, – relating design factor to reliability, – reliability and probability of failure, – safety/product liability, standards and codes, – stress and strength, tools and resources, – topic interdependencies, uncertainty in, – units, – Design engineer communication and, – professional responsibilities of, – Design factor, Design Manual for Cylindrical Wormgearing, DE-SWT, Deterministic design factor method, Deviation, Diametral interference, between shaft and hub, Diametrical pitch P, Die castings, Dimensioning. See Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) Dimensions choice of, – terminology of, – Dimension-series code, – Direct load, Direct mounting, Discrete distributions, Discretization errors, – Disk brakes description of, – uniform pressure in, uniform wear in, Disk clutches, . See also Disk brakes Dislocations, Distortion-energy (DE) theory, – , yield strength in shear and, – Dolan, T. J., Doorstops, Double-row bearings, Dowling, N., Drawing (tempering), Drum brake, Ductile cast iron, Ductile materials classification of, Coulomb-Mohr theory for, – distortion-energy theory for, – failure of, – maximum-shear-stress theory for, – selection of failure criteria for, static loading and, – stress-strain diagram of, – Ductility, Dunkerley’s equation, Duplexing, Duplex mounting, Dynamically loaded journal bearings, – Dynamic factor, spur and helical gears and, – , Dynamic loads as element loads, journal bearings and, – stress concentration effect and, Dynamic viscosity, Dyne, EEc centricity, centrifugal force deflection in shafts and, Eccentricity rate, – Eccentricity ratio, Eccentric loading columns with, – shear joints with, – Economics breakeven points, cost estimates, large tolerances, – standard sizes, Edge shearing, – Effective arc, Effective slenderness ratio, Effective stress, Effective viscosity, Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors, Elastic coefficient, – , Elastic creep, Elastic deformation, Elastic instability, Elasticity, Elastic limit, Elastic stability, – Elastic strain, – Elastic-strain Basquin equation, Elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL), Electrolytic plating, Element geometries, – Element library, Element loads, Elimination approach, Enclosures (bearings), – End-condition constant, Endurance limit modifying factors application of, – corrosion, cyclic frequency, electrolytic plating, frettage corrosion, loading factor, metal spraying, miscellaneous-effects factor, – reliability factor, – size factor, – surface factor, – temperature factor, – Endurance limits estimation of, – flexural, Energy absorption, properties of, – Energy considerations, for brakes and clutches, – Engineering stress-strain diagrams, Engineers’ Creed (NSPE), Engraver’s brass, Envelope principle, Epicyclic gear trains, Equilibrium, unstable, Equivalent bending load, Equivalent radial load, Euler column formula, Euler equation, Euler’s method, – , – , Evaluation, Expanding-ring clutch, Extension springs close-wound, compression springs vs., correction stresses for, – description of, – ends for, fatigue and, – function of, initial tension in, Extreme-pressure (EP) lubricants, – Extrusion, FFa ce-contact ratio, Face load distribution factor, – Face-to-face mounting (DF), Factor of safety, – , . See also Safety Fail-safe design, Failure. See also Fatigue failure; Fatigue failure from variable loading; Static loading, failures resulting from examples of, – meaning of, Mohr theory of, – , probability of, – selection of criteria for, theories of, Failure prevention, knowledge of, Failure theory flowchart, Fasteners. See also specific types of fasteners eccentric loading of, overview of, stiffness of, – threaded, – Page Fatigue damage, cumulative, – Fatigue ductility coefficient, Fatigue ductility exponent, Fatigue failure background on, examples of, – low-cycle, – mechanisms of, – shaft materials and, stages of, – Fatigue failure criteria applications of, – ASME-Elliptic, for brittle materials, – Gerber, Goodman, – , – Morrow, in pure shear case, recommendations, – Smith-Watson-Topper, Soderberg, – Walker, Fatigue failure from variable loading characterizing fluctuating stresses and, – combinations of loading modes and, – constant-life curves and, – crack formation and propagation and, – cumulative fatigue damage and, – endurance limit modifying factors and, – fatigue failure criteria and, – fatigue failure criterion for brittle materials and, – fatigue-life methods and, – fluctuating-stress diagram and, – idealized S-N diagram for steels and, – linear-elastic fracture mechanics method and, – road maps and important design equations for the stress-life method and, – strain-life method and, – stress concentration and notch sensitivity and, – stress-life method and, – surface fatigue strength and, – Fatigue-life methods, – Fatigue loading of helical compression springs, – of tension joints, – of welded joints, – Fatigue strength data for, – estimated at cycles, nature of, of springs, – Fatigue strength coefficient, Fatigue strength exponent, Fatigue stress-concentration factor, – , Fazekas, G. A., FEA. See Finite-element analysis (FEA) Feature, Feature control frame, – , Feature of size, Felt seals, Ferritic chromium steels, Field, J., Filler, Fillet welds, – bending properties of, – steady loads and size of, torsional properties of, Filling notch, Film pressure, – Finite element, Finite-element analysis (FEA) applications for, – beam deflections and, boundary conditions and, critical buckling load and, element geometries and, – load application and, – mesh generation and, – method of, – modeling techniques and, – software programs for, solution process and, – stress-concentration factors and, stress interactions and, summary of, thermal stresses and, – vibration analysis and, – Firbank, T. C., Fits description of shaft, – interference, – using basic hole system, Fitted bearing, Flat-belt and round-belt drives analysis of, – description of, flat metal belts and, – function of, – materials for, pulley size and, – tension and, – theory of, – Flat belts, Flat metal belts, – Flatness control, – Flat springs, . See also Springs Flexible mechanical elements belts as, – flat-and round-belt drives as, – flexible shafts as, roller chains as, – timing belts as, – , – V belts as, – wire rope as, – Flexible shafts, Flexural endurance limit, Floating caliper brake, – Fluctuating simple loading, – Fluctuating-stress diagram, – Fluctuating stresses fatigue cracks and, fatigue failure criterion and, issues characterizing, – Fluctuating-stress values, Fluid lubrication, Flywheels, – Foot-pound-second system (fps), Force analysis of bevel gearing, – free-body diagrams for, – guidelines for, of helical gearing, – of spur gearing, – of worm gearing, – Forging, Forming, Fracture mechanics background on, – crack modes and stress intensity factor and, – equation for, fatigue failure and, – fracture toughness and, – quasi-static fracture and, – Fracture toughness, Free-body diagrams, for force analysis, – Page Free-body force analysis, Free-cutting brass, Frettage corrosion, Frictional-contact axial clutches description of, uniform pressure in, – uniform wear in, – Friction clutch, Friction materials, – Friction variable, Full-film lubrication, Functions, singularity, – Fundamental contact stress equation, – Fundamental deviation, for shafts, GGa mma function, Gasketed joints, Gaskets, soft, Gates Rubber Company, Gaussian (normal) distribution, GD&T (Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing). See Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) Gear bending strength, – Gear mesh analysis of, – design of, – , – Gears. See also Bevel and worm gears; Spur and helical gears; specific types of gears AGMA approach and, – conjugate action in, – contact ratio and, – fundamentals of, – interference in, – involute properties of, – nomenclature for, – parallel helical, – selecting appropriate, – straight bevel, – , tooth systems for, – types of, worm, – , Gear strength, – Gear teeth bending stress in, – conjugate action and, – contact ratio and, – formation of, – helical, – interference and, – terminology of, – Gear tooth bending, Gear tooth wear, Gear train force analysis bevel gearing, – helical gearing, – notation for, spur gearing, – worm gearing, – Gear trains axes rotation and, description of, – train value and, – two-stage compound, Gear wheel, Generating line, Geometric characteristic controls and symbols, Geometric controls form, – location, – orientation, – profile, – runout, – Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T), CAD models and, control of, – datums and, – defined, – geometric attributes of features for, – geometric characteristic definitions and, – glossary of terms for, – material condition modifiers and, – overview of, – practical implementation of, – standards for, symbolic language for, – Geometric stress-concentration factor, Geometry factor, – Gerber fatigue-failure criterion, Gerber line, Gib-head key, Gilding brass, Glasses, Global instabilities, Goodman, John, Goodman diagram, Goodman failure criterion, Goodman failure line, Goodman-Haigh diagram, Goodman line, – , Government information sources, Gravitational mass of units, Gravity loading, Gray cast iron, – , Green, I., Griffith, A. A., Grip l, Grooved pulleys, Grossman, M. A., Guest theory. See Maximum- shear-stress theory (MSS) HHa gen-Poiseuille law, Haigh diagram, Ham, C. W., Hard-drawn steel spring wire, Hardness, Hardness-ratio factor, – , – Hardness testing, Haringx, J. A., Haugen, E. B., Heading, Heat transfer analysis, – Heat transfer rate, Heat treatment, of steel, – Helical coil torsion springs bending stress in, – deflection and spring rate in, – description of, – end location of, – fatigue strength in, – static strength in, – Helical compression spring design, for static service, – Helical compression springs design for fatigue loading, – fatigue loading of, – Helical gears. See also Gears; Spur and helical gears crossed, description of, force analysis and, – parallel, – standard tooth proportions for, Helical rollers, Helical springs critical frequency of, – Page deflection of, fatigue loading of, – maximum allowable torsional stresses for, for static service, – stresses in, – Hertz, H., Hertzian contact pressure, Hertzian endurance strength, Hertzian field, – Hertzian stress, Hertz theory, Hexagonal-head bolts, Hexagon-head cap screws, Hexagon nuts, Hobbing, Holding power, Hole basis, Hooke’s law, Hoop stress, Hot melts, – Hot rolling, – , Hot-working processes, – Hrennikoff, A., Hydraulic clutches, Hydrodynamic lubrication, – Hydrostatic lubrication, Hypoid gears, IId le arc, Impact, shock and, – Impact load, Impact properties, – Impact value, Inch-pound-second system (ips), Indirect mounting, Infinite-life design, Influence coefficients, Information sources, – Injection molding, Interference diametral, gear teeth and, – nature of, Interference fits, – Interference of strength, Interference of stress, Internal-friction theory, Internal gear, Internal-shoe brake, – International Committee of Weights and Measures (CIPM), International System of Units (SI), International tolerance grade numbers (IT), Internet information sources, Interpolation equation, Investment casting, Involute helicoid, Involute profile, Involute properties, of gears, – Irons alloy cast, ductile and nodular cast, gray cast, – malleable cast, – white cast, Ito, Y., Izod notched-bar test, JJ. B. Johnson formula, – , Joerres, R. E., Joints. See also specific types of jointsarrow side of, bolted, bolted and riveted, – eccentric loading in shear, – fastener stiffness and, – fatigue loading of, – gasketed, lap, – member stiffness and, – statically loaded, – , – stiffness constant of, strength of welded, – tension, – tension-loaded bolted, welded, – , – Jominy test, Journal bearings. See also Bearings; Lubrication and journal bearings alloys for, – big-end connecting rod, – boundary-lubricated, – design variables for, – dynamically loaded, – fitted, material choice for, – nomenclature of complete, partial, pressure-fed, – self-contained, – Trumpler’s design criteria for, – types of, – Journal orbit, – Journal translational velocity, – KKa relitz, G. B., Keys (shafts), – , – Kinematic viscosity, Kuhn, P., Kurtz, H. J., LLa byrinth seal, Lamont, J. L., Langer lines, Lang-lay rope, Lap joints, – Law of action and reaction (Newton), Least material condition (LMC), – , Leibensperger, R. L., Lengthwise curvature factor for bending strength, Lewis, Wilfred, Lewis bending equation, – , Lewis form factor, Limits, Limits (shaft), – Linear-elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) method, – Linear sliding wear, Linear springs, Linear stress analysis, Linear transverse line loads, Lined bushing, Line elements, Line of action, Line of contact, Lipson, C., Little, R. E., Load and stress analysis Cartesian stress components and, – contact stresses and, – curved beams in bending, – elastic strain and, – general three-dimensional stress and, – Page Mohr’s circle for plane stress and, – normal stresses for beams in bending and, – press and shrink fits and, – shear stresses for beams in bending and, – singularity functions and, – stress and, – stress concentration and, – stresses in pressurized cylinders and, – stresses in rotating rings and, – temperature effects and, – torsion and, – uniformly distributed stresses and, – Load-application factor, Load-distribution factor, – , Load factor, Loading factor (endurance limit), Loading modes, – , Load intensity, Load-life-reliability relationship, Load-sharing ratio, Loads/loading critical unit, dynamic, element, fatigue, – impact, nodal, reversed, static, – , (See also Static loading, failures resulting from; Static loads/loading) surface, – variable, – (See also Fatigue failure from variable loading) Load-stress factor, Load zone, Location controls concentricity, position, – symmetry, – Loose-side tension, Loss-of-function parameter, Low brass, Low-contact-ratio (LCR) helical gears, Low-cycle fatigue, – Low-leaded brass, Lubricant flow, Lubricant temperature rise, – , Lubrication boundary, – elastohydrodynamic, function of, hydrodynamic, – hydrostatic, mathematical theory of, mixed-film, roller chain, rolling bearing, – solid-film, splash, stable, – temperature rise and, – , thick-film, – unstable, Lubrication and journal bearings bearing types and, boundary-lubricated bearings and, – clearance and, – design variables for, – dynamically loaded journal bearings and, – hydrodynamic theory and, – loads and materials and, – lubrication types and, – Petroff’s equation and, – pressure-fed bearings and, – relationship between variables and, – stable lubrication and, – steady-state conditions in self-contained bearings and, – thick-film lubrication and, – viscosity and, – Lüder lines, – MMa bie, H. H., Macaulay functions. See Singularity functions Magnesium, Magnetic clutches, Major diameter, of screw threads, Malleable cast iron, – Manganese, Manson, S. S., Manson-Coffin equation, Map frame, Margin of safety, Marin, Joseph, Marin’s equation, Martensite, Martensitic stainless steel, Martin, H. C., Master fatigue diagram, Material condition modifiers (MMC), – , Material efficiency coefficient, Material index, – Materials. See also specific materials alloy steel and, – casting, – cold-working processes and, – composite, corrosion-resistant steel and, cyclic stress-strain properties and, – energy absorption properties of, – hardness and, heat treatment of steel and, – hot-working processes and, – impact properties and, – investment casting and, nonferrous metals and, – numbering systems and, – plastic deformation and cold work and, – plastics and, powder-metallurgy process and, sand casting and, selection of, – for shafts, – shell molding and, statistical significance of properties of, – strength and stiffness, – temperature effects and, – Materials selection charts, – Matrix, Maximum load, – , – , Maximum material condition (MMC), Maximum-normal-stress theory for brittle materials, – , Maximum shear stress, Maximum-shear-stress theory (MSS), ductile materials and, – , Maximum shear theory, Maxwell’s reciprocity theorem, McHenry, D., McKee, S. A., McKee, T. R., McKee abscissa, McKelvey, S. A., Mean coil diameter, Mean stress, fatigue failure and, – , fluctuating stresses and, – Page loading mode and, nonzero, Mechanical springs. See Springs Mesh, Mesh density, Mesh design for straight-bevel gears, – for worm gears, – Mesh generation fully automatic, manual, semiautomatic, Mesh refinement, Metal-mold castings, Metals, nonferrous, – Metals Handbook (ASM), Metal spraying, Metric threads, – Milling, gear teeth, Miner’s rule, Minimum film thickness, Minimum life, Minor diameter, of screw threads, Mischke, Charles R., Mitchiner, R. G., Mixed-film lubrication, MMC. See Material condition modifiers (MMC) Mobility map, Mobility method, – Mobility vector, Modal analysis, Mode I, plane strain fracture toughness, Modeling techniques, – Moderate applications, Modern Steels and Their Properties Handbook (Bethlehem Steet), Modified-Goodman diagram, Modified-Goodman line, – Modified Mohr (MM) theory, – Modified Mohr (plane stress), Module m, Modulus of elasticity, Modulus of elasticity of rope, Modulus of resilience, – Modulus of rigidity, Modulus of rupture, Modulus of toughness, Mohr’s circle diagram, Mohr’s circle for plane stress, – , Mohr’s circle shear convention, – Mohr theory for brittle materials, – Mohr theory of failure, – , . See also Coulomb-Mohr theory Molded-asbestos linings, Molded-asbestos pads, Molding, Molybdenum, Moment connection, Moment load, Monte Carlo computer simulations, Morrow fatigue-failure criterion, Morrow line, MSC/NASTRAN, Multiple of rating life, Multiple-threaded product, Multipoint constraint equations, Muntz metal, Music wire, NNa val brass, Necking, Needle bearings, Neuber, H., Neuber constant, Neutral plane, Newmark, N. M., Newtonian fluids, Newton (N), Newton’s cooling model, – Newton’s third law, Nickel, Nodal loads, Nodes, Nodular cast iron, Noll, C. J., Nominal size, Nominal stress, Nonferrous metals, – Nonlinear softening spring, Nonlinear stiffening spring, Nonplanar datum features, Nonprecision bearings, Normal circular pitch, Normal diametrical pitch, Normalizing process, Normal strain, Normal stress, Norris, C. H., Notched-bar tests, Notch sensitivity, stress concentration and, – Numbering systems, – Nuts grade of, hexagon, OOc tahedral shear stress, – Octahedral-shear-stress theory, Offset method, Oil outlet temperature, Oil-tempered wire, Opening crack propagation mode, Orientation control, – Osgood, C. C., Overconstrained systems, Overload factor, Overrunning clutch or coupling, PPa lmgren linear damage rule, Palmgren-Miner cycle-ratio summation rule (Miner’s rule), Parabolic formula, – Parallel-axis theorem, Parallel helical gears, – Parallelism control, – Paris equation, Partial journal bearing, Partitioning approach, Pedestal bearings, Performance factors, Permanent joint design adhesive bonding and, – butt and fillet welds and, – resistance welding and, – welded joints and, – , – welding symbols and, – Permanent-mold casting, Permissible contact stress number (strength) equation, Peterson, R. E., Petroff’s equation, – Phosphor bronze, Pilkey, W. D., Pillow-block bearings, Pinion, Pinion bending, Page Pinion cutter, Pinion tooth bending, Pinion tooth wear, Pins (shafts), – Pitch of bevel gears, of screw threads, timing belt, – Pitch circle, Pitch diameter of screw threads, of spur-gear teeth, Pitch length, Pitch-line velocity, Pitch point, Pitch radius, Pitting, Pitting resistance, – , Pitting-resistance geometry factor, Plane slider bearing, Plane strain, Plane stress, Mohr’s circle for, – , – Plane-stress transformation equations, Planetary gear trains, Planet carrier (arm), Planet gears, Plastic deformation, – Plastics, Plastic strain, Plastic-strain Manson-Coffin equation, Pneumatic clutches, Poisson’s ratio, Position control, – Positive-contact clutch, Potential energy. See Strain energyPound-force (lbf), Powder-metallurgy process, Power curve equation, Power screws, – Power transmission (case study) background of, bearing selection, – design sequence for, – final analysis, force analysis, gear specification, – key and retaining ring selection, – power and torque requirements, shaft design for deflection, – shaft design for stress, shaft layout, – shaft material selection, Precipitation-hardenable stainless steels, Preload bolt, considerations for, statically loaded tension joint with, – Presetting, Press fits, – , – Pressure angle, Pressure-fed bearings, – Pressure line, Pressure-sensitive adhesives, Pressure-strength ratio, Pressurized cylinders, stresses in, – Pretension, – Primary shear, Principal stresses, Probability density function (PDF), Probability of failure, – Product liability, Professional societies, Profile control, – Profile of a line, Profile of a surface, Proof load, bolt, Proof strength, bolt, Propagation of dispersion, Propagation of error, Propagation of uncertainty, Proportional limit, Puck pad caliper brake, – Pulleys flat-belt and round-belt, – forces and torque on, Pure shear, QQu ality numbers (AGMA), Quasi-static fracture, – Quenching, – RR. R. Moore high-speed rotating-beam machine, – Radial clearance ratio, Radial loading/thrust loading combined, – Radial stress, – , Radius of gyration, Raimondi, Albert A., Raimondi-Boyd analysis, – Rain-flow counting technique, Ramberg-Osgood relationship, Ramp function, Rating life, – Rayleigh’s equation, Redundant supports, Reemsnyder, Harold S., Regular-lay rope, Related actual mating envelope, – Relative velocity, Reliability factor, – , – , – Reliability method of design, – Repeated stress, Residual stress, Resilience, – Resistance welding, – Retaining rings, – , – Reynolds, Osborne, Reynolds equation, Right-hand rule, Rim clutches external contracting, – internal expanding, – Rim-thickness factor, – Ring gear, Riveted joints, loaded in shear, – Roark’s formulas, Roark’s Formulas for Stress and Strain (Young, Budynas & Sadegh), Rockwell hardness, Roller chains, – Rolling bearings description of, lubrication and, – types of, – Rolling-contact bearings ball and cylindrical roller bearing selection and, – , – bearing load life at rated reliability and, – combined radial and thrust loading of, – description of, design assessment for, – fit and, life of, – lubrication of, – Page mounting and enclosure of, – relating load, life and reliability and, – reliability of, – reliability vs. life of, – tapered roller bearings selection and, – types of, – variable loading and, – Roll threading, Ropes, Rotary fatigue, Rotating-beam specimen, Rotating-beam test, Rotating rings, stresses in, – Rotscher’s pressure-cone method, Round-belt drives. See Flat-belt and round-belt drives Round belts, Runge-Kutta method, Runout controls, – Russell, Burdsall & Ward Inc. (RB&W), – Ryan, D. G., SSa fe-life design, Safety, – , . See also Factor of safety Salakian, A. G., Samónov, C., Sand casting, Saybolt Universal viscosity (SUV), Screws cap, – elongation of, power, – self-locking, stiffness and, Screw threads efficiency of, square, terminology of and standards for, – Sealants. See Adhesive bonds Sealings, – Seam welding, Secant column formula, Secondary shear, Self-acting (self-locking) phenomenon, Self-aligning bearings, Self-contained bearings, – Self-deenergizing brake shoe, Self-energizing brake shoe, Self-locking screw, Series system, Set removal, Setscrews, – Shaft basis, Shaft components keys and pins as, – retaining rings as, – setscrews as, – Shaft coupling, – Shaft design, for deflection, – Shaft design for stress critical locations and, estimating stress concentrations and, – first iteration estimates for, shaft stresses and, – , Shaft layout about, – , – assembly and disassembly and, – axial, supporting axial loads, torque transmission provisions and, – Shaft material fatigue failure and, selection of, Shafts, bearings in, bending moments on, couplings, – critical speeds for, – defined, deflection analysis and, – flexible, fundamental deviation for, layout of, – limits and fits for, – materials for, – misalignment in, Shallow drawing, Shear-energy theory, Shear force bending moments in beams and, – welded joints in torsion and, Shearing edge, – Shear-lag model, Shear loading, bolted and riveted joints and, – Shear modulus, Shear stress for beams in bending, – maximum, tangential, torsion in shaft and, – transverse, – Shear stress-correction factor, Shear yield strength, Sheaves, – , – Shell molding, Shock, Short compression members, struts as, – Shrink fits, – , – Significant figures, – Silicon, Silicon bronze, Simple loading completely reversing, – fluctuating, – Sines failure criterion, Single-row bearings, Singularity functions application of, – , beam deflections by, – description of, – Sintered-metal pads, Size factor, – , Sleeve bearings, Slenderness ratio, Sliding fit, Sliding mode, Slip, Slip lines, – Slip planes, Slug, Smith, G. M., Smith-Dolan locus, – Smith-Watson-(SWT) criterion, Smith-Watson-Topper (SWT) fatigue-failure criterion, S-N diagram. See Stress-life (S-N) diagram Snug-tight condition, torque and, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), bolt strength standards, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Socket setscrews, – Soderberg line, – Software CAD, – , Page engineering-based, engineering-specific, Solid elements, Solid-film lubricant, Sommerfeld, A., Sommerfeld number, Special-purpose elements, Specific modulus (specific stiffness), Speed ratio, Spherical contact stresses, – Spherical-roller thrust bearing, Spinning, Spiral bevel gears, Spiroid gearing, Splash lubrication, Splines, Spot welding, Spring brass, Spring constant, Spring index, Spring rate, – Springs. See also specific types of springs Belleville, – classification of, compression, – conical, constant-force, critical frequency of helical, – curvature effect in, deflection in helical, extension, – fatigue loading of helical compression, – function of, helical coil torsion, – helical compression spring design for fatigue loading, – helical compression spring design for static service, – linear, materials used for, – nonlinear softening in, nonlinear stiffening in, scale of, stability of, – stresses in helical, – volute, Spring surge, Sprockets, Spur and helical gears. See also Gears; Helical gears AGMA nomenclature, – AGMA strength equations and, – AGMA stress equations and, – analysis of, – description of, dynamic factor and, – , elastic coefficient and, – force analysis and, – gear mesh analysis and, – gear mesh design and, – geometry factors and, – hardness-ratio factor and, – Lewis bending equation and, – load-distribution factor and, – overload factor and, reliability factor and, – rim-thickness factor and, – safety factors and, size factor and, spur gears analysis and, – stress-cycle factors and, – surface condition factor and, surface durability of, – temperature factor and, Square-jaw clutch, Square threads, Squeeze-film action, Stable cyclic hysteresis loop, Stable lubrication, – Stainless steels, Stamping, Standard Handbook of Machine Design (Shigley et al.), Standards and codes, – defined, organizations with specific, – Standard sizes, Statically indeterminate problems, – Statically indeterminate systems, Static equilibrium, Static loading, failures resulting from Brittle-Coulomb-Mohr (BCM) and modified Mohr (MM) theories, – brittle materials failure and, – Coulomb-Mohr theory for ductile materials and, – design equations and, – distortion-energy theory for ductile materials, – ductile materials and, – failure theories and, fracture mechanics and, – maximum-normal-stress theory for brittle materials and, – , maximum-shear-stress theory for ductile materials and, – selection of failure criteria and, static strength and, – stress concentration and, – Static loads/loading background of, basic rating, defined, helical coil compression spring design flowchart for, – stress-concentration factors and, welding and, – Static strengthin helical coil torsion springs, – static loading and, – Statistical tolerance system, Steels alloy, – , cast, cold-drawn, corrosion-resistant, hardness, heat treatment of, – modulus of elasticity, numbering system for, – quantitative estimation of properties of heat-treated, for springs, stress-life (S-N) diagram for, – temperature and, – Stereolithography (STL), Stiffness. See also Deflection and stiffness bolt, fastener, – joint, – procedure to find fastener, Stiffness constant of the joint, Stochastic methods, Stock sizes, Straight-bevel gears. See also Bevel and worm gears; Bevel gears analysis of, – description of, – , mesh design for, – standard tooth proportions for, Straightness control, Straight roller bearings, Straight-tooth bevel gears, Strain elastic, – shear, Page true, – Strain energy, – Strain hardening, Strain-life method, – Strain-life relation, Strain-strengthening equation, Strain-strengthening exponent, Strength nature of, – static loading and, (See also Static loading, failures resulting from) Strength equations (AGMA), – Stress-concentration factor (SCF) application of elastic, estimation of, – fatigue, – , gear teeth and, geometric, static loading and, – , theoretical, Stress concentrations estimation of, – load and stress analysis and, – mesh and, – notch sensitivity and, – shafts and, static loading and, – Stress-correction factor, Stress-cycle factor, – , Stress distributions, adhesives and, – Stress equations (AGMA), – Stresses/stress analysis bearing, bending, – , – , – , – , Cartesian stress components and, – compressive, contact, – elastic strain and, – fluctuating, – , in helical springs, – hoop, in interference fits, – Mohr’s circle for plane, – nature of, – nominal, normal, – press and shrink fits and, – in pressurized cylinders, – principal, radial, – residual, in rotating rings, – shaft design for, – , shear, – , temperature effects on, – tensile, three-dimensional, – torsion and, – , – true, – uniformly distributed, – Stress intensity factor, – Stress intensity modification factor, Stress-life method, – , – Stress-life (S-N) diagram description of, – high-cycle, – mean stress and, for steels, – Stress numbers, Stress raisers, Stress ratio, Stress relieving, Stress-strain diagram, – , of ductile materials, – for hot-rolled and cold-drawn steel, stable cycle, – strain rate in, – Stress yield envelope, Strict liability concept, Structural adhesives, Structural instabilities (buckling), – Struts, – Studs, – Sun gear, Superposition, beam deflections by, – , Surface compression stress, Surface condition factor, Surface elements, Surface endurance shear, Surface endurance strength, Surface factor (endurance limit), – Surface fatigue strength, – Surface loads, – Surface-strength geometry factor, – Symmetry control, – TTa ndem mounting (DT), Tangential stress, – , Tapered fits, Tapered roller bearings advantages of, components of, – nomenclature for, – radial load on, selection of, – single-row straight bore, – Taper pins, Tearing mode, Temperature effects on impact values, load and stress analysis and, – on materials, – Temperature factor, – , Temperature rise boundary-lubricated bearings and, brakes and, – clutches and, – lubricant, – , Tempered martensite, Tempering, Tensile strength, Tensile stress, Tensile tests application of, – stress-strain relationships from, – of threaded rods, Tension, loose-side, tight-side, Tension joints external load and, – fatigue loading of, – statically loaded, – Tension-loaded bolted joint, Tension-test specimen, – Theoretical stress-concentration factor, Thermal loading, Thermal stresses, – Thermoplastics, Thermoset, Thin-film lubrication, – Threaded fasteners, – Threads, screw, – . See also Screws Three-dimensional printing, Page Three-dimensional stress, – -D truss element, Three-parameter Weibull distribution, Thrust load, Thrust loading/radial loading combined, – Tight-side tension, Timing belts, – , – Timken Company, – Tin bronze, Titanium, – Tolerances/tolerancing. See also Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) bilateral, choice of, cost considerations, – defined, modifiers and symbols, position letters, shaft, tolerance stack-up, – unilateral, Tolerance zones, – , Toothed wheels, Tooth systems, – Tooth thickness, Top land, Topp, L. J., Torque, – , Torque capacity, – Torque transmission, – Torque-twist diagram, Torque vector, – Torque wrench, Torsion closed thin-walled tubes in, – function of, – open thin-walled sections in, – stresses in welded joints in, – Torsional loading, Torsional strengths, Torsional yield strength, Torsion springs, helical coil, – Torsion tests, stress-strain relationships from, Total runout, – Toughness, Tower, Beauchamp, – Train value, – Transmission accuracy umber, Transmission error, Transmitted load, Transverse circular pitch, Transverse shear stress, – Tredgold’s approximation, Tresca theory. See Maximum-shear-stress theory (MSS) True fracture strain, True fracture strength, True strain, – True stress, – True stress-strain diagram, Trumpler, P. R., – Truss element, Tungsten, Turner, M. J., Turn-of-the-nut method, Two-bearing mountings, Two-plane bending, – UUl timate strength, Ultimate tensile strength, Uncertainty, – Undercutting, Unified Numbering System for Metals and Alloys (UNS), – , Unified thread series, Uniform transverse line loads, Unilateral tolerance, Unit step function, UNS. See Unified Numbering System for Metals and Alloys (UNS) Unstable equilibrium, Unstable lubrication, VVa nadium, Variable loading, – . See also Fatigue failure from variable loading V belts, – Velocity journal translational, – pitch-line, relative, Velocity factor, – , Vibration analysis, – Virtual number of teeth, Viscosity, – , Viscosity-temperature trends, Volkersen, O., Volute springs, von Mises, R., von Mises stresses, – , WWa hl, A. M., Wahl factor, Walker fatigue-failure criterion, Washers, Wave equation, Wear, Wear factor, Weibull distribution, Weibull probability density function, Weld bonding, Welded joints fatigue loading of, – strength of, – stresses in bending, – stresses in torsion, – Welds/welding butt and fillet, – resistance, – symbols for, – Wheel, White cast iron, Whole depth h, Width of space, Wileman, J., Wire diameter, Wire rope selection of, – types of, – Wire springs, . See also Springs Wirsching, P. H., Wöhler, Albert, Wöhler curve, Wolford, J. C., Woodruff key, Work hardening, . See also Cold working Worm gears. See also Bevel and worm gears; Gears AGMA equation factors for, – analysis of, – description of, force analysis and, – mesh design for, – nomenclature of, pitch diameter of, – pressure angle and tooth depth for, Worms, Worm wheel, Woven-asbestos lining, Woven-cotton lining, Wrought alloys, YYe llow brass, Yield design equation, Yield point, Yield strength, Young’s modulus, ZZe rol bevel gear, Zimmerli, F. P., Zinc, brass with, –
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