اخوانى فى الله
احضرت لكم اليوم كتاب Mechanical Engineering Principles
اتمنى من الله ان تستفيدو منة وان ينال اعجابكم
Contents
Preface ix
Part 1 Statics and strength of materials 1
1 The effects of forces on materials 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Tensile force 2
1.3 Compressive force 2
1.4 Shear force 2
1.5 Stress 2
1.6 Strain 3
1.7 Elasticity, limit of
proportionality and elastic limit 6
1.8 Hooke’s law 7
1.9 Ductility, brittleness
and malleability 11
1.10 Modulus of rigidity 12
1.11 Thermal strain 12
1.12 Compound bars 13
2 Tensile testing 18
2.1 The tensile test 18
2.2 Worked problems
on tensile testing 19
2.3 Further worked problems
on tensile testing 21
3 Forces acting at a point 25
3.1 Scalar and vector quantities 25
3.2 Centre of gravity and equilibrium 25
3.3 Forces 26
3.4 The resultant of
two coplanar forces 27
3.5 Triangle of forces method 28
3.6 The parallelogram
of forces method 29
3.7 Resultant of coplanar
forces by calculation 29
3.8 Resultant of more than
two coplanar forces 30
3.9 Coplanar forces in equilibrium 32
3.10 Resolution of forces 34
3.11 Summary 37
4 Forces in structures 40
4.1 Introduction 40
4.2 Worked problems on mechanisms
and pin-jointed trusses 41
4.3 Graphical method 42
4.4 Method of joints (a
mathematical method) 46
4.5 The method of sections
(a mathematical method) 52
Assignment 1 55
5 Simply supported beams 57
5.1 The moment of a force 57
5.2 Equilibrium and the
principle of moments 58
5.3 Simply supported beams
having point loads 61
5.4 Simply supported
beams with couples 64
6 Bending moment and
shear force diagrams
69
6.1 Introduction 69
6.2 Bending moment (M) 69
6.3 Shearing force (F) 69
6.4 Worked problems on
bending moment and
shearing force diagrams 70
6.5 Uniformly distributed loads 78
7 First and second moment of areas 84
7.1 Centroids 84
7.2 The first moment of area 84
7.3 Centroid of area between
a curve and the x-axis 84
7.4 Centroid of area between
a curve and the y-axis 85
7.5 Worked problems on
centroids of simple shapes 86
7.6 Further worked problems on
centroids of simple shapes 87
7.7 Second moments of
area of regular sections 88
7.8 Second moment of area
for ‘built-up’ sections 96
Assignment 2 102
vi MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES
8 Bending of beams 103
8.1 Introduction 103
8.2 To prove that
σ
y
= M
I
= E
R
103
8.3 Worked problems on
the bending of beams 105
9 Torque 109
9.1 Couple and torque 109
9.2 Work done and power
transmitted by a constant torque 110
9.3 Kinetic energy and
moment of inertia 112
9.4 Power transmission
and efficiency 116
10 Twisting of shafts 120
10.1 Introduction 120
10.2 To prove that
τ
r
= T
J
= Gθ
L
120
10.3 Worked problems on
the twisting of shafts 122
Assignment 3 126
Part 2 Dynamics 127
11 Linear and angular motion 127
11.1 The radian 127
11.2 Linear and angular velocity 127
11.3 Linear and angular acceleration 129
11.4 Further equations of motion 130
11.5 Relative velocity 132
12 Linear momentum and impulse 136
12.1 Linear momentum 136
12.2 Impulse and impulsive forces 139
13 Force, mass and acceleration 144
13.1 Introduction 144
13.2 Newton’s laws of motion 144
13.3 Centripetal acceleration 147
13.4 Rotation of a rigid
body about a fixed axis 149
13.5 Moment of inertia (I ) 149
14 Work, energy and power 153
14.1 Work 153
14.2 Energy 157
14.3 Power 159
14.4 Potential and kinetic energy 162
14.5 Kinetic energy of rotation 165
Assignment 4 169
15 Friction 170
15.1 Introduction to friction 170
15.2 Coefficient of friction 170
15.3 Applications of friction 172
15.4 Friction on an inclined plane 173
15.5 Motion up a plane with
the pulling force P
parallel to the plane 173
15.6 Motion down a plane
with the pulling force
P parallel to the plane 174
15.7 Motion up a plane due
to a horizontal force P 175
15.8 The efficiency of a screw jack 177
16 Motion in a circle 182
16.1 Introduction 182
16.2 Motion on a curved banked track 184
16.3 Conical pendulum 185
16.4 Motion in a vertical circle 187
16.5 Centrifugal clutch 189
17 Simple harmonic motion 191
17.1 Introduction 191
17.2 Simple harmonic motion (SHM) 191
17.3 The spring-mass system 192
17.4 The simple pendulum 194
17.5 The compound pendulum 195
17.6 Torsional vibrations 196
18 Simple machines 198
18.1 Machines 198
18.2 Force ratio, movement
ratio and efficiency 198
18.3 Pulleys 200
18.4 The screw-jack 202
18.5 Gear trains 203
18.6 Levers 205
Assignment 5 209
Part 3 Heat transfer and fluid mechanics 211
19 Heat energy and transfer 211
19.1 Introduction 211
19.2 The measurement of temperature 212
19.3 Specific heat capacity 212
19.4 Change of state 214
19.5 Latent heats of fusion
and vaporisation 215
19.6 A simple refrigerator 217
19.7 Conduction, convection
and radiation 217
19.8 Vacuum flask 218
CONTENTS vii
19.9 Use of insulation
in conserving fuel 218
20 Thermal expansion 221
20.1 Introduction 221
20.2 Practical applications
of thermal expansion 221
20.3 Expansion and contraction
of water 222
20.4 Coefficient of linear expansion 222
20.5 Coefficient of superficial
expansion 224
20.6 Coefficient of cubic expansion 225
Assignment 6 229
21 Hydrostatics 230
21.1 Pressure 230
21.2 Fluid pressure 231
21.3 Atmospheric pressure 232
21.4 Archimedes’ principle 233
21.5 Measurement of pressure 235
21.6 Barometers 235
21.7 Absolute and gauge pressure 237
21.8 The manometer 237
21.9 The Bourdon pressure gauge 238
21.10 Vacuum gauges 239
21.11 Hydrostatic pressure
on submerged surfaces 240
21.12 Hydrostatic thrust
on curved surfaces 241
21.13 Buoyancy 241
21.14 The stability of floating bodies 242
22 Fluid flow 247
22.1 Introduction 247
22.2 Differential pressure flowmeters 247
22.3 Orifice plate 247
22.4 Venturi tube 248
22.5 Flow nozzle 249
22.6 Pitot-static tube 249
22.7 Mechanical flowmeters 250
22.8 Deflecting vane flowmeter 250
22.9 Turbine type meters 250
22.10 Float and tapered-tube meter 251
22.11 Electromagnetic flowmeter 252
22.12 Hot-wire anemometer 253
22.13 Choice of flowmeter 253
22.14 Equation of continuity 253
22.15 Bernoulli’s Equation 254
22.16 Impact of a jet on
a stationary plate 255
23 Ideal gas laws 258
23.1 Introduction 258
23.2 Boyle’s law 258
23.3 Charles’ law 259
23.4 The pressure law 260
23.5 Dalton’s law of partial pressure 260
23.6 Characteristic gas equation 261
23.7 Worked problems on the
characteristic gas equation 261
23.8 Further worked problems on
the characteristic gas equation 263
24 The measurement of temperature 267
24.1 Introduction 267
24.2 Liquid-in-glass thermometer 267
24.3 Thermocouples 268
24.4 Resistance thermometers 270
24.5 Thermistors 272
24.6 Pyrometers 272
24.7 Temperature indicating
paints and crayons 274
24.8 Bimetallic thermometers 274
24.9 Mercury-in-steel thermometer 274
24.10 Gas thermometers 275
24.11 Choice of measuring device 275
Assignment 7 277
A list of formulae 279
Greek alphabet 283
Answers to multiple-choice questions 284
Index 2
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