كتاب Theory and Problems of
ELECTRIC
CIRCUITS
Fourth Edition من مجموعة شوم
ويناول الموضوعات الاتية :
CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Electrical Quantities and SI Units 1
1.2 Force, Work, and Power 1
1.3 Electric Charge and Current 2
1.4 Electric Potential 3
1.5 Energy and Electrical Power 4
1.6 Constant and Variable Functions 4
CHAPTER 2 Circuit Concepts 7
2.1 Passive and Active Elements 7
2.2 Sign Conventions 8
2.3 Voltage-Current Relations 9
2.4 Resistance 10
2.5 Inductance 11
2.6 Capacitance 12
2.7 Circuit Diagrams 12
2.8 Nonlinear Resistors 13
CHAPTER 3 Circuit Laws 24
3.1 Introduction 24
3.2 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law 24
3.3 Kirchhoff’s Current Law 25
3.4 Circuit Elements in Series 25
3.5 Circuit Elements in Parallel 26
3.6 Voltage Division 28
3.7 Current Division 28
CHAPTER 4 Analysis Methods 37
4.1 The Branch Current Method 37
4.2 The Mesh Current Method 38
4.3 Matrices and Determinants 38
4.4 The Node Voltage Method 40
4.5 Input and Output Resistance 41
4.6 Transfer Resistance 42
4.7 Network Reduction 42
4.8 Superposition 44
4.9 The´venin’s and Norton’s Theorems 4CHAPTER 5 Amplifiers and Operational Amplifier Circuits 64
5.1 Amplifier Model 64
5.2 Feedback in Amplifier Circuits 65
5.3 Operational Amplifiers 66
5.4 Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal Op Amps 70
5.5 Inverting Circuit 71
5.6 Summing Circuit 71
5.7 Noninverting Circuit 72
5.8 Voltage Follower 74
5.9 Differental and Difference Amplifiers 75
5.10 Circuits Containing Several Op Amps 76
5.11 Integrator and Differentiator Circuits 77
5.12 Analog Computers 80
5.13 Low-Pass Filter 81
5.14 Comparator 82
CHAPTER 6 Waveforms and Signals 101
6.1 Introduction 101
6.2 Periodic Functions 101
6.3 Sinusoidal Functions 103
6.4 Time Shift and Phase Shift 103
6.5 Combinations of Periodic Functions 106
6.6 The Average and Effective (RMS) Values 107
6.7 Nonperiodic Functions 108
6.8 The Unit Step Function 109
6.9 The Unit Impulse Function 110
6.10 The Exponential Function 112
6.11 Damped Sinusoids 114
6.12 Random Signals 115
CHAPTER 7 First-Order Circuits 127
7.1 Introduction 127
7.2 Capacitor Discharge in a Resistor 127
7.3 Establishing a DC Voltage Across a Capacitor 129
7.4 The Source-Free RL Circuit 130
7.5 Establishing a DC Current in an Inductor 132
7.6 The Exponential Function Revisited 132
7.7 Complex First-Order RL and RC Circuits 134
7.8 DC Steady State in Inductors and Capacitors 136
7.9 Transitions at Switching Time 136
7.10 Response of First-Order Circuits to a Pulse 139
7.11 Impulse Response of RC and RL Circuits 140
7.12 Summary of Step and Impulse Responses in RC and RL Circuits 141
7.13 Response of RC and RL Circuits to Sudden Exponential Excitations 141
7.14 Response of RC and RL Circuits to Sudden Sinusoidal Excitations 143
7.15 Summary of Forced Response in First-Order Circuits 143
7.16 First-Order Active Circuits 143
CHAPTER 8 Higher-Order Circuits and Complex Frequency 161
8.1 Introduction 168.2 Series RLC Circuit 161
8.3 Parallel RLC Circuit 164
8.4 Two-Mesh Circuit 167
8.5 Complex Frequency 168
8.6 Generalized Impedance ðR; L;CÞ in s-Domain 169
8.7 Network Function and Pole-Zero Plots 170
8.8 The Forced Response 172
8.9 The Natural Response 173
8.10 Magnitude and Frequency Scaling 174
8.11 Higher-Order Active Circuits 175
CHAPTER 9 Sinusoidal Steady-State Circuit Analysis 191
9.1 Introduction 191
9.2 Element Responses 191
9.3 Phasors 194
9.4 Impedance and Admittance 196
9.5 Voltage and Current Division in the Frequency Domain 198
9.6 The Mesh Current Method 198
9.7 The Node Voltage Method 201
9.8 The´venin’s and Norton’s Theorems 201
9.9 Superposition of AC Sources 202
CHAPTER 10 AC Power 219
10.1 Power in the Time Domain 219
10.2 Power in Sinusoudal Steady State 220
10.3 Average or Real Power 221
10.4 Reactive Power 223
10.5 Summary of AC Power in R, L, and C 223
10.6 Exchange of Energy Between an Inductor and a Capacitor 224
10.7 Complex Power, Apparent Power, and Power Triangle 226
10.8 Parallel-Connected Networks 230
10.9 Power Factor Improvement 231
10.10 Maximum Power Transfer 233
10.11 Superposition of Average Powers 234
CHAPTER 11 Polyphase Circuits 248
11.1 Introduction 248
11.2 Two-Phase Systems 248
11.3 Three-Phase Systems 249
11.4 Wye and Delta Systems 251
11.5 Phasor Voltages 251
11.6 Balanced Delta-Connected Load 252
11.7 Balanced Four-Wire, Wye-Connected Load 253
11.8 Equivalent Y and -Connections 254
11.9 Single-Line Equivalent Circuit for Balanced Three-Phase Loads 255
11.10 Unbalanced Delta-Connected Load 255
11.11 Unbalanced Wye-Connected Load 256
11.12 Three-Phase Power 258
11.13 Power Measurement and the Two-Wattmeter Method 259
CHAPTER 12 Frequency Response, Filters, and Resonance 273
12.1 Frequency Response 27312.2 High-Pass and Low-Pass Networks 274
12.3 Half-Power Frequencies 278
12.4 Generalized Two-Port, Two-Element Networks 278
12.5 The Frequency Response and Network Functions 279
12.6 Frequency Response from Pole-Zero Location 280
12.7 Ideal and Practical Filters 280
12.8 Passive and Active Filters 282
12.9 Bandpass Filters and Resonance 283
12.10 Natural Frequency and Damping Ratio 284
12.11 RLC Series Circuit; Series Resonance 284
12.12 Quality Factor 286
12.13 RLC Parallel Circuit; Parallel Resonance 287
12.14 Practical LC Parallel Circuit 288
12.15 Series-Parallel Conversions 289
12.16 Locus Diagrams 290
12.17 Scaling the Frequency Response of Filters 292
CHAPTER 13 Two-port Networks 310
13.1 Terminals and Ports 310
13.2 Z-Parameters 310
13.3 T-Equivalent of Reciprocal Networks 312
13.4 Y-Parameters 312
13.5 Pi-Equivalent of Reciprocal Networks 314
13.6 Application of Terminal Characteristics 314
13.7 Conversion Between Z- and Y-Parameters 315
13.8 h-Parameters 316
13.9 g-Parameters 317
13.10 Transmission Parameters 317
13.11 Interconnecting Two-Port Networks 318
13.12 Choice of Parameter Type 320
13.13 Summary of Terminal Parameters and Conversion 320
CHAPTER 14 Mutual Inductance and Transformers 334
14.1 Mutual Inductance 334
14.2 Coupling Coefficient 335
14.3 Analysis of Coupled Coils 336
14.4 Dot Rule 338
14.5 Energy in a Pair of Coupled Coils 338
14.6 Conductively Coupled Equivalent Circuits 339
14.7 Linear Transformer 340
14.8 Ideal Transformer 342
14.9 Autotransformer 343
14.10 Reflected Impedance 344
CHAPTER 15 Circuit Analysis Using Spice and Pspice 362
15.1 Spice and PSpice 362
15.2 Circuit Description 362
15.3 Dissecting a Spice Source File 363
15.4 Data Statements and DC Analysis 364
15.5 Control and Output Statements in DC Analysis 367
15.6 The´venin Equivalent 370
15.7 Op Amp Circuits 37015.8 AC Steady State and Frequency Response 373
15.9 Mutual Inductance and Transformers 375
15.10 Modeling Devices with Varying Parameters 375
15.11 Time Response and Transient Analysis 378
15.12 Specifying Other Types of Sources 379
15.13 Summary 382
CHAPTER 16 The Laplace Transform Method 398
16.1 Introduction 398
16.2 The Laplace Transform 398
16.3 Selected Laplace Transforms 399
16.4 Convergence of the Integral 401
16.5 Initial-Value and Final-Value Theorems 401
16.6 Partial-Fractions Expansions 402
16.7 Circuits in the s-Domain 404
16.8 The Network Function and Laplace Transforms 405
CHAPTER 17 Fourier Method of Waveform Analysis 420
17.1 Introduction 420
17.2 Trigonometric Fourier Series 421
17.3 Exponential Fourier Series 422
17.4 Waveform Symmetry 423
17.5 Line Spectrum 425
17.6 Waveform Synthesis 426
17.7 Effective Values and Power 427
17.8 Applications in Circuit Analysis 428
17.9 Fourier Transform of Nonperiodic Waveforms 430
17.10 Properties of the Fourier Transform 432
17.11 Continuous Spectrum 432
APPENDIX A Complex Number System 451
A1 Complex Numbers 451
A2 Complex Plane 451
A3 Vector Operator j 452
A4 Other Representations of Complex Numbers 452
A5 Sum and Difference of Complex Numbers 452
A6 Multiplication of Complex Numbers 452
A7 Division of Complex Numbers 453
A8 Conjugate of a Complex Number 453
APPENDIX B Matrices and Determinants 455
B1 Simultenaneous Equations and the Characteristic Matrix 455
B2 Type of Matrices 455
B3 Matrix Arithmetic 456
B4 Determinant of a Square Matrix 458
B5 Eigenvalues of a Square Matrix 460
INDEX 461
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