احبتى فى الله معى اليوم هدية لكل المهتمين بالمحركات الا وهو كتاب
INDUSTRIAL
MOTOR CONTROL
Sixth Edition
Stephen L. Herman
CONTENTS
Preface ix
New for the Sixth Edition x
Content Highlights x
About the Author xi
Acknowledgments xi
Chapter 1 General Principles of Motor Control 1
Installation of Motors and Control Equipment 1
Types of Control Systems 4
Functions of Motor Control 7
Review Questions 9
Chapter 2 Symbols and Schematic Diagrams 10
Push Buttons 10
Switch Symbols 13
Basic Schematics 15
Sensing Devices 18
Selector Switches 22
Review Questions 26
Chapter 3 Manual Starters 27
Fractional Horsepower Single-Phase Starters 27
Manual Push-Button Starters 30
Troubleshooting 33
Review Questions 33
Chapter 4 Overload Relays 35
Overloads 35
Dual Element Fuses 36
Thermal Overload Relays 36
Magnetic Overload Relays 43
Overload Contacts 47
Protecting Large Horsepower Motors 49
Review Questions 51
Chapter 5 Relays, Contactors, and Motor Starters 52
Relays 52
Electromagnet Construction 53
Contactors 61
Mechanically Held Contactors and Relays 64
Mercury Relays 65
Motor Starters 67
Review Questions 75
Chapter 6 The Control Transformer 77
Review Questions 83
Chapter 7 Timing Relays 84
Pneumatic Timers 85
Clock Timers 86
Motor-Driven Timers 87
Capacitor Time Limit Relay 87
Electronic Timers 88
Review Questions 94
Chapter 8 Pressure Switches and Sensors 95
Pressure Switches 95
Pressure Sensors 97
Review Questions 100
Chapter 9 Float Switches 101
Mercury Bulb Float Switch 102
The Bubbler System 103
Review Questions 107
Chapter 10 Flow Switches and Sensors 108
Flow Switches 108
Flow Sensors 110
Review Questions 117Chapter 11 Limit Switches 118
Micro Limit Switches 119
Subminiature Micro Switches 121
Limit Switch Application 121
Review Questions 123
Chapter 12 Phase Failure Relays 124
Effects of Voltage Variation on Motors 124
Review Questions 125
Chapter 13 Solenoid and Motor Operated Valves 126
Solenoid Valves 126
Motor Operated Valves 127
Review Questions 131
Chapter 14 Temperature Sensing Devices 132
Expansion of Metal 132
Resistance Temperature Detectors 137
Expansion Due to Pressure 140
Smart Temperature Transmitters 141
Review Questions 142
Chapter 15 Hall Effect Sensors 143
Principles of Operation 143
Hall Generator Applications 144
Review Questions 147
Chapter 16 Proximity Detectors 148
Applications 148
Circuit Operation 148
Mounting 150
Capacitive Proximity Detectors 151
Ultrasonic Proximity Detectors 151
Review Questions 153
Chapter 17 Photodetectors 154
Applications 154
Types of Detectors 154
Mounting 159
Review Questions 161
Chapter 18 Basic Control Circuits 162
Three-Wire Control Circuits 164
Review Questions 167
Chapter 19 Schematics and Wiring Diagrams
(Circuit #1) 168
Review Questions 171
Chapter 20 Timed Starting for Three Motors
(Circuit #2) 172
Review Questions 175
Chapter 21 Float Switch Control of a Pump
and Pilot Lights (Circuit #3) 176
Review Questions 178
Chapter 22 Developing a Wiring Diagram
(Circuit #1) 179
Review Questions 182
Chapter 23 Developing a Wiring Diagram
(Circuit #2) 183
Review Question 184
Chapter 24 Developing a Wiring Diagram
(Circuit #3) 187
Review Question 188
Chapter 25 Reading Large Schematic Diagrams 191
Review Questions 197
Chapter 26 Installing Control Systems 198
Review Questions 202
Chapter 27 Hand-Off-Automatic Controls 203
Review Questions 205
Chapter 28 Multiple Push-Button Stations 207
Developing a Wiring Diagram 207
Review Questions 211
Chapter 29 Forward-Reverse Control 214
Interlocking 214
Developing a Wiring Diagram 215
Reversing Single-Phase Split-Phase Motors 216
Review Questions 225
Chapter 30 Jogging and Inching 226
Jogging Circuits 226
Inching Controls 228
Review Questions 232
Chapter 31 Sequence Control 235
Sequence Control Circuit #1 235
Sequence Control Circuit #2 235
Sequence Control Circuit #3 236Automatic Sequence Control 238
Stopping the Motors in Sequence 238
Review Questions 246
Chapter 32 DC Motors 249
Application 249
Speed Control 249
Motor Construction 249
Identifying Windings 250
Types of DC Motors 251
Direction of Rotation 252
Standard Connections 254
Review Questions 255
Chapter 33 Starting Methods for DC Motors 256
Review Questions 261
Chapter 34 Solid-State DC Drives 262
The Shunt Field Power Supply 263
The Armature Power Supply 263
Voltage Control 264
Field Failure Control 264
Current Limit Control 265
Speed Control 266
Review Questions 268
Chapter 35 Stepping Motors 269
Theory of Operation 269
Windings 271
Four-Step Switching (Full Stepping) 271
Eight-Step Switching (Half Stepping) 272
AC Operation 272
Motor Characteristics 273
Review Questions 276
Chapter 36 The Motor and Starting Methods 277
Review Questions 285
Chapter 37 Resistor and Reactor Starting
for AC Motors 286
Resistor Starting 286
Reactor Starting 288
Step-Starting 288
Review Questions 292
Chapter 38 Autotransformer Starting 294
Open and Closed Transition Starting 295
Review Questions 299
Chapter 39 Wye-Delta Starting 300
Wye-Delta Starting Requirements 301
Dual Voltage Connections 302
Connecting the Stator Leads 303
Closed Transition Starting 303
Overload Setting 305
Review Questions 310
Chapter 40 Part Winding Starters 311
Overload Protection 312
Dual Voltage Motors 313
Motor Applications 313
Three-Step Starting 314
Automatic Shut-Down 314
Review Questions 314
Chapter 41 Consequent Pole Motors 317
Three-Speed Consequent Pole Motors 319
Four-Speed Consequent Pole Motors 326
Review Questions 331
Chapter 42 Variable Voltage and Magnetic
Clutches 332
Voltage Control Methods 333
Magnetic Clutches 334
Eddy Current Clutches 335
Review Questions 336
Chapter 43 Braking 338
Mechanical Brakes 338
Dynamic Braking 338
Plugging 342
Review Questions 350
Chapter 44 Wound Rotor Induction Motors 351
Manual Control of a Wound Rotor Motor 353
Timed Controlled Starting 353
Wound Rotor Speed Control 355
Frequency Control 355
Review Questions 358
Chapter 45 Synchronous Motors 360
Starting a Synchronous Motor 360
Excitation Current 361
The Brushless Exciter 361
Direct Current Generator 362
Automatic Starting for Synchronous Motors 362The Field Contactor 362
Out-of-Step Relay 362
The Polarized Field Frequency Relay 363
Power Factor Correction 365
Applications 366
Review Questions 366
Chapter 46 Variable Frequency Control 367
Alternator Control 368
Solid-State Control 368
IGBTs 369
Inverter Rated Motors 371
Variable Frequency Drives Using
SCRs and GTOs 372
Review Questions 375
Chapter 47 Motor Installation 377
Determining Motor Current 377
Overload Size 384
Example Problems 391
Review Questions 396
Chapter 48 Developing Control Circuits 397
Developing Control Circuits 397
Review Questions 409
Chapter 49 Troubleshooting 410
Safety Precautions 410
Voltmeter Basics 411
Test Procedure Example 1 414
Test Procedure Example 2 416
Test Procedure Example 3 419
Review Questions 424
Chapter 50 Digital Logic 425
The AND Gate 426
The OR Gate 427
The INVERTER 427
The NOR Gate 428
The NAND Gate 429
Integrated Circuits 429
Testing Integrated Circuits 432
Review Questions 432
Chapter 51 The Bounceless Switch 433
Review Questions 436
Chapter 52 Start-Stop Push-Button Control 437
Review Questions 444
Chapter 53 Programmable Logic Controllers 445
Differences Between PLCs and PCs 445
Basic Components 446
Review Questions 454
Chapter 54 Programming a PLC 455
Circuit Operation 455
Developing a Program 457
Converting the Program 459
Programming in Boolean 461
Developing the Program 461
Parameters of the Programmable Controller 461
Operation of the Circuit 462
Entering the Program 465
Review Questions 466
Chapter 55 Analog Sensing for Programmable
Controllers 467
Installation 469
The Differential Amplifier 470
Review Questions 470
Chapter 56 Semiconductors 471
Conductors 471
Insulators 472
Semiconductors 472
Review Questions 476
Chapter 57 The PN Junction 477
The PN Junction 477
Review Questions 481
Chapter 58 The Zener Diode 482
The Zener Diode 482
Review Questions 484
Chapter 59 The Transistor 485
The Transistor 485
Review Questions 488Chapter 60 The Unijunction Transistor 489
The Unijunction Transistor 489
Review Questions 491
Chapter 61 The SCR 492
The SCR in a DC Circuit 493
The SCR in an AC Circuit 494
Phase Shifting the SCR 495
Testing the SCR 496
Review Questions 496
Chapter 62 The Diac 497
The Diac 497
Review Questions 498
Chapter 63 The Triac 499
The Triac Used as an AC Switch 500
The Triac Used for AC Voltage Control 500
Phase Shifting the Triac 500
Testing the Triac 501
Review Questions 502
Chapter 64 The 555 Timer 503
Circuit Applications 505
Review Questions 509
Chapter 65 The Operational Amplifier 510
Basic Circuits 512
Circuit Applications 514
Review Questions 520
Appendix 523
Testing Solid-State Components 523
Identifying the Leads of a Three-Phase,
Wye-Connected, Dual-Voltage Motor 530
Ohm’s Law Formulas 534
Standard Wiring Diagram Symbols 535
Electronic Symbols 536
Glossary 537
Index 547
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