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عدد المساهمات : 18994 التقييم : 35488 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
| موضوع: كتاب Fundamentals of Die Casting Design الإثنين 07 يناير 2013, 4:06 pm | |
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Fundamentals of Die Casting Design Genick Bar{Meir, Ph. D. 7449 North Washtenaw Ave Chicago, IL 60645 email:barmeir at gmail dot com
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents GNU Free Documentation License . xi 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS xii 2. VERBATIM COPYING . xiii 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY . xiii 4. MODIFICATIONS . xiv 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS . xvi 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS xvi 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS xvi 8. TRANSLATION xvii 9. TERMINATION xvii 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE xvii ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents . xviii CONTRIBUTORS LIST xix How to contribute to this book xix Credits . xix Steven from artofproblemsolving.com xix Tousher Yang . xix Steve Spurgeon xx Irene Tan . xx Your name here xx Typo corrections and other "minor" contributions xx Prologue For The POTTO Project xxiii Preface xxiii Why Volunteer? . xxiv What Has been So Far . xxv Prologue For This Book xxix Version 0.1 January 12, 2009 xxix pages 213 size 1.5M xxix Version 0.0.3 October 9, 1999 . xxix pages 178 size 3.2M xxix iiiiv CONTENTS 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Importance of Reducing Production Costs 2 1.2 Designed/Undesigned Scrap/Cost . 4 1.3 Linking the Production Cost to the Product Design . 4 1.4 Historical Background . 5 1.5 Numerical Simulations . 6 1.6 \Integral" Models . 9 1.7 Summary 11 2 Basic Fluid Mechanics 13 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 What is fluid? Shear stress 14 2.2.1 What is Fluid? . 14 2.2.2 What is Shear Stress? . 14 2.3 Thermodynamics and mechanics concepts 16 2.3.1 Thermodynamics . 16 2.3.2 Basic Definitions . 16 2.3.3 Momentum Equation . 23 2.3.4 Compressible flow . 23 2.3.5 Speed of Sound 23 2.3.6 Choked Flow 25 3 Dimensional Analysis 33 3.0.1 How The Dimensional Analysis Work . 34 3.1 Introduction 35 3.2 The Die Casting Process Stages . 35 3.2.1 Filling the Shot Sleeve 36 3.2.2 Plunger Slow Moving Part 38 3.2.3 Runner system . 41 3.2.4 Die Cavity . 42 3.2.5 Intensification Period . 43 3.3 Special Topics . 43 3.3.1 Is the Flow in Die Casting Turbulent? 43 3.3.2 Dissipation effect on the temperature rise 47 3.3.3 Gravity effects . 47 3.4 Estimates of the time scales in die casting 48 3.4.1 Utilizing semi dimensional analysis for characteristic time 48 3.4.2 The ratios of various time scales . 56 3.5 Similarity applied to Die cavity 58 3.5.1 Governing equations 58 3.5.2 Design of Experiments 61 3.6 Summary of dimensionless numbers 61 3.7 Summary 63 3.8 Questions . 63CONTENTS v 4 Fundamentals of Pipe Flow 65 4.1 Introduction 65 4.2 Universality of the loss coefficients 65 4.3 A simple flow in a straight conduit 66 4.3.1 Examples of the calculations . 68 4.4 Typical Components in the Runner andVent Systems 68 4.4.1 bend 68 4.4.2 Y connection . 69 4.4.3 Expansion/Contraction 69 4.5 Putting it all to Together . 69 4.5.1 Series Connection . 69 4.5.2 Parallel Connection 70 5 Flow in Open Channels 71 5.1 Introduction 71 5.2 Typical diagrams 73 5.3 Hydraulic Jump 73 6 Runner Design 75 6.1 Introduction 75 6.1.1 Backward Design . 75 6.1.2 Connecting runner segments . 76 6.1.3 Resistance . 77 7 pQ2 Diagram Calculations 81 7.1 Introduction 81 7.2 The \common" pQ2 diagram 82 7.3 The validity of the \common" diagram 85 7.3.1 Is the \Common" Model Valid? . 86 7.3.2 Are the Trends Reasonable? . 88 7.3.3 Variations of the Gate area, A3 89 7.4 The reformed pQ2 diagram . 89 7.4.1 The reform model . 90 7.4.2 Examining the solution 92 7.4.3 Poor design effects 105 7.4.4 Transient effects 105 7.5 Design Process . 106 7.6 The Intensification Consideration . 107 7.7 Summary 107 7.8 Questions . 107vi CONTENTS 8 Critical Slow Plunger Velocity 109 8.1 Introduction 109 8.2 The \common" models 110 8.2.1 Garber’s model 110 8.2.2 Brevick’s Model 112 8.2.3 Brevick’s circular model 113 8.2.4 Miller’s square model . 113 8.3 The validity of the \common" models 114 8.3.1 Garber’s model 114 8.3.2 Brevick’s models 114 8.3.3 Miller’s model . 115 8.3.4 EKK’s model (numerical model) . 115 8.4 The Reformed Model . 115 8.4.1 The reformed model 115 8.4.2 Design process . 118 8.5 Summary 118 8.6 Questions . 118 9 Venting System Design 119 9.1 Introduction 119 9.2 The \common" models 120 9.2.1 Early (etc.) model . 120 9.2.2 Miller’s model . 120 9.3 General Discussion . 121 9.4 The Analysis 123 9.5 Results and Discussion 125 9.6 Summary 128 9.7 Questions . 128 10 Density change effects 129 11 Clamping Force Calculations 133 12 Analysis of Die Casting Economy 135 12.1 Introduction 135 12.2 The \common" model, Miller’s approach . 136 12.3 The validity of Miller’s price model 136 12.4 The combined Cost of the Controlled Components . 137 12.5 Die Casting Machine Capital Costs 137 12.6 Operational Cost of the Die Casting Machine 138 12.7 Runner Cost (Scrap Cost) 139 12.8 Start{up and Mold Manufacturing Cost . 141 12.9 Personnel Cost 142 12.10Uncontrolled components 142 12.11Minimizing Cost of Single Operation . 144CONTENTS vii 12.12Introduction to Economics 147 12.12.1Marginal Profits 149 12.13Summary 151 12.14Question 151 A Fanno Flow 153 A.1 Introduction 153 A.2 Fanno Model 154 A.3 Non{Dimensionalization of the Equations 155 A.4 The Mechanics and Why the Flow is Choked? 158 A.5 The Working Equations 159 A.6 Examples of Fanno Flow . 162 A.7 Supersonic Branch . 168 A.8 Maximum Length for the Supersonic Flow 169 A.9 Working Conditions 169 A.9.1 Variations of The Tube Length ( 4DfL ) Effects 169 A.9.2 The Pressure Ratio, PP21 , effects 175 A.9.3 Entrance Mach number, M1, effects . 177 A.10 Practical Examples for Subsonic Flow 185 A.10.1 Subsonic Fanno Flow for Given 4fL D and Pressure Ratio 185 A.10.2 Subsonic Fanno Flow for a Given M1 and Pressure Ratio 186 A.11 The Approximation of the Fanno Flow by Isothermal Flow . 189 A.12 More Examples of Fanno Flow 190 A.13 The Table for Fanno Flow 191 A.14 Appendix { Reynolds Number Effects 193 B What The Establishment’s Scientists Say 197 B.1 Summary of Referee positions . 198 B.2 Referee 1 (from hand written notes) . 199 B.3 Referee 2 200 B.4 Referee 3 203 C My Relationship with Die Casting Establishment 209
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