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Membranes for Industrial Wastewater Recovery and Re-Use Preface
Contributors
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1
1.2 Industrial water
1.3 Membrane technology
1. I Water reuse motivations and barriers
Chapter 2 Membrane technology
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
The membrane
2. I. 1
2. I .2 Membrane structure
2. I. 3
2.1.4 Membrane configurations
The process fundamentals
2.2.1 Process performance definitions
2.2.2 The driving force
2.2.3
2.2.4 Critical flux
The theory
2.3.1 Membrane mass transfer control
2.3.2
Process design and operation
2.4.1 Staging
2.4.2 Specific energy demand
2.4.3 Fouling and pretreatment
2.4.4 Backwashing and cleaning
References
Membrane and membrane process definition
Membrane materials and their manufacture
Factors opposing the driving force
Fouling/cake layer mass transfer control
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Chapter 3 Industrial waters
3.5
The power industry: water requirements for power
generation and cooling water
3.1.1 Water demand by the power industry
3.1.2 Overview ofcooling water systems
3.1.3 Overview of boiler feedwater systems
3.1.4 Sources of water used for
3.1.5 Water quality comparisons
3.1.6 Optimisation of water use in recirculating
cooling systems
3.1.7 Cooling tower water quality issues
3.1.8 Governing legislation and guidelines
3.1.9 Volumes and quality of aqueous process
waste streams
3.1.10 Current reuse practices and opportunities
References
The pulp and paper industry
3.2.1 Introduction
3.2.2
3.2.3 Effluent volumes and quality
3.2.4
3.2.5
3.2.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
The textile industry
3.3.1 Categories of textile processing operations
3.3.2 Effluents from textile processing unit
operations
3.3.3 Process water quality requirements
3.3.4 Legislation
3.3.5 Conventional treatment
3.3.6 Demand management
3.3.7 Reuse practice and opportunities
References
The beverage industry
3.4.1 Point of use recycling opportunities
3.4.2 End of pipe recovery opportunities
References
Pure waters in the pharmaceutical industry
3.5.1 Background
3.5.2 Water quality standards
3.5.3
3.5.4 Reuse opportunities
Pulping and paper manufacturing processes
Current water and effluent purification
systems and governing legislation
Membranes in the pulp and paper industry
Volumes and quality of aqueous process
and waste streams
76 ign aids
4.1 Computer-aided design for reverse osmosis plant
4.1.1 Introduction
4.1.2
4.1.3 RO design software
4.1.4 Cost calculation
4.1.5 Overview
References
4.2.1 Introduction
4.2.2 Water pinch: the history
4.2.3 Methodology
4.2.4 Computed solutions
4.2.5 Software tools currently available
4.2.6
4.2.7 Conclusion
References
4.3 Design examples
Key elements of the reverse osmosis process
4.2 Water pinch analysis
Case study: water pinch and implementation
of regeneration techniques
Problem in reverse osmosis: film theory and
energy demand
Problem in reverse osmosis: array design
Problem in reverse osmosis: CAD array design
Problem in electrodialysis: energy demand
Problem in submerged membrane filtration
design
Chapter 5 Case studies
Flag Fen high-purity water production plant (UK)
5.1.1 Background
5.1.2 Description ofplant
5.1.3 Performance
Eraring Power Station: purification of secondary
sewage for boiler feedwater (Australia)
5.2.1 Background
5.2.2 Description ofplant
5.2.3 Performance
Doswell combined cycle power plant: zero liquid
discharge (USA)
5.3.1 Background
5.3.2 Description of system
5.3.3 Performance
VHP Ugchelen: paper mill water recycling
(Netherlands)
5.4.1 Background
5.4.3 Performance
Kronospan Ltd: medium-density fibreboard wash
water recycling (UK)
5.5.1 Background
5.5.2 Description of plant
5.5.3 Performance
M-Real Kirkniemi paper mill (Finland)
5.6.1 Background
5.6.2 Description of plant
5.6.3 Performance
T. Forsell and Son: dyewaste water recycling plant (UK)
5.7.1 Background
5.7.2 Description ofplant
5.7.3 Performance
N food plant wastewater treatment and recycling
plant (Japan)
5.8.1 Background
5.8.2 Description ofplant
5.8.3 Performance
Pasfrost vegetable processing plant (Belgium)
5.9.1 Background
5.9.2 Description ofplant
5.9.3 Performance
5.10 Automotive water recycling (Germany)
5.10.1 Background
5.10.2 Plant description
5.10.3 Performance
NEC Semiconductors: microelectronics wastewater
reclamation (UK)
5.1 1.1 Background
5.1 1.2 Description of plant
5.1 1.3 Performance
5.12 Discussion
5.1 3 Reference material
Index
Membranes for Industrial Wastewater Recovery and Re-Use
