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عدد المساهمات : 18928 التقييم : 35294 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Axiomatic Design and Fabrication of Composite Structures Applications in Robots, Machine Tools, and Automobiles Dai Gil Lee Nam Pyo Suh
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Contents Part I: Basics 1 Introduction to Design of Composite Materials 3 2 Introduction to Composite Materials 14 3 Macromechanical Behavior of Unidirectional Composites 64 4 Composite Lamination Theory 110 5 Failure Criteria for Composite Materials 152 6 Behavior of Composite Laminated Plates and Beams 202 7 Micromechanics for Composite Materials 256 8 Transport Phenomena in Composite Materials 289 9 Machining and Joining of Composite Materials 335 10 Dynamic and Fatigue Performances of Composite Materials 400 Part II: Applications 11 Fundamentals of Axiomatic Design 449 12 Axiomatic Design of Materials and Materials-Processing Techniques 486 13 Axiomatic Design of Composite Robot Structures 513 14 Axiomatic Design of Composite Machine Tool Structures 565 15 Axiomatic Design of Composite Automotive Parts and Infrastructures 621 Glossary 675 Index INDEX Index Terms Links A Abrasion 357 Abrasive belt 329 particle 343 water jet machining 342 343 Absorbers 41 Absorption 34 41 Acid-catalyzed reaction 32 Acrylic 33 296 Acrylonitrile–Butadiene copolymer 41 Activation energy 28 Active agents (coupling agent) 36 Advanced composites 15 Addition mechanism 289 polymerization 27 Additives 37 Adherend length 573 575 580 582 thickness 573 575 580 582 Adhesion 35 Adhesive bonding 352 375 constitutive equation 354 joining 352 joint 352 thickness 366 601Index Terms Links Adhesively bonded joint applications in the harmonic drive 553 554 applications in the robot 546 547 Advantage of fatigue life diagram 437 Air bearing 568 Air spindle 568 Alkaline catalyst 32 Allowable flaw size 185 Allowable tolerance 478 Alumina 54 Alumina trihydrate 38 Aluminum oxide fiber 25 Aminosilane 36 Angular contact ball bearing (applications in the robot) 527 528 Anisotropic 23 strength property 131 symmetric (sandwich structure) 236 Anthropomorphic robot 18 513 526 538 539 Applications in the hand of the handling robot 514 in the hand of the LCD robot 514 in the harmonic drive 550 in the robot 514 in the wrist of the handling robot 525 in the wrist of the LCD robot 520 Aramid fiber 25 26 Aramid–phenolic composites 31 Arithmetic surface roughness 376 607 608 Arm in the robot 514 515 Arm-type robot for LCD panel handling 516Index Terms Links Aromatic hydrocarbons 23 ring structures 33 Arrhenius dependence 28 Articulated robot 513 Aspect ratio 14 233 Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) 391 Autoclave cure cycle with cooling and reheating 327 molding 37 327 vacuum bag degassing process 604 Automotive one-piece composite propeller shaft 623 Average engineering CTE 140 shear strain 45 stress 123 stress criteria 191 through-thickness strain 146 Axial modulus 42 modulus of the laminate 124 125 Poissons ratio 43 shear modulus 45 stiffness of the preloaded angular contact ball 527 528 strain of the box-type beam 248 250 Axiom 18 455 Axiomatic design 449 B Balance equation 125 179 Balanced laminate 125Index Terms Links Basal planes 24 Batch process 488 489 498 Beam 240 Bearing 209 227 241 material 33 stiffness of the preloaded angular contact ball 527 528 577 592 Bearing failure (of mechanical joint) 346 347 351 Bed 566 Belt 536 537 Bending of a plate 209 of clamped laminate plate 227 of symmetrically laminated beam 241 moment of narrow beam 242 response 121 stiffness 68 stiffness matrix 119 Bending stiffness 119 of wide beam 245 Bending–stretching coupling 116 Benzene rings 26 Benzoquinone 28 Benzoyl peroxide 28 Bias 471 474 Biaxial ratio 170 Bismaleimide (BMI) 73 Bleeder papers 52 Blowing agents 508 509 Bolt pull-out (of mechanical joint) 346 shear failure (of mechanical joint) 346 stiffness 347Index Terms Links Boron epoxy composite 104 fiber 24 trichloride 24 Box-type beam for side-door impact beam 644 beam fracture mode 646 composite beam 248 cross-sectional shape in the robot 518 529 B-stage 30 37 Buckling 229 239 240 load 217 239 of simply supported rectangular plates 216 torque 555 Buckminster fullerene 23 Bulk modulus 86 polymers 19 Bumper beams 633 634 Butt joint 352 C Calcium carbonate 38 Cantilever beam 195 Capacitance 302 Carbon 22 black 39 epoxy composite robot structures 18 epoxy composite spindle shaft 17 fiber 15 23 fiber epoxy composite 60 107 177 181 187 255 256 287 297 309 327 337Index Terms Links Carbon (Cont.) 340 386 424 516 535 567 598 612 625 633 636 671 Cartesian robot 513 Cartesian tensors 68 Castiglianos theorem in calculating the deflection of robot 195 530 Catalysts 27 Catastrophic failure 350 Cavity channel 310 Center-part enhanced beam 647 enhanced beam manufacturing method 646 enhanced beam three point bending test 647 Centrifugal force 568 572 575 Ceramic fibers 25 matrix 34 matrix composite (CMC) 34 Chain-like molecules 26 Change 316 Characteristic damage state (CDC) 435 437 Charge 50 preheating 315 Charpy test 414 Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) 450 Chemical surface treatment 379 380 Chemical vapor deposition 24 Chentsov coefficients 105 Chisel angle 339 Chopped strand mat (CSM) 22 Clamped edge (boundary condition of a plate) 210Index Terms Links Clamped laminate plate 227 Classical laminated plate theory (CLPT) 111 138 148 Classical lamination theory (CLT) 111 148 Cleavage failure (of mechanical joint) 346 347 351 Coal tar pitch 23 Coefficient of friction 346 of hygroscopic expansion (CHE) 113 of mutual influence 104 of mutual influence of the laminate 124 of thermal expansion (CTE) 49 113 139 148 of variation 258 Collision analysis for composite bumper beam 639 Column (definition) 240 Combinational complexity 479 480 Common range (CR) 470 Compaction 280 Comparative robustness of a decoupled design 485 Compatibility equation 71 Compensation 477 Complex modulus 617 Complexity 479 487 Compliance matrix 75 94 146 Complicated chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) 450 Composite boring bar 597 Composite bumper beam design 636 Composite finite element (FE) analysis 520 572 575 577 579 614 Composite joint design 649 composite shear-out failure mode 649Index Terms Links Composite laminate plate 202 Composite materials 14 Composite propeller shaft 623 joining 625 manufacturing method 624 625 Composite rotor 582 Composite shear-out failure mode 649 Composite side-door impact beam 642 dynamic energy absorption 649 energy absorption ratio 648 impact characteristics 648 impact energy absorption 649 three-point bending 644 Composite stress concentration factor 651 Composite structure 110 Compression 292 fatigue 434 incident stress 401 molding 50 311 315 preload for propeller shaft 628 strength after impact (CAI) 416 Compressive strength of composite extensional mode microbuckling 278 of composite shear failure 283 of composite shear mode microbuckling 280 of composite transverse tensile rupture 282 Concurrent engineering 468 Condensation mechanism 289 Condensation polymerization 27 Condition of symmetry of the compliances 87 Conductivity 583 597 599 Consolidation 290Index Terms Links Constant of randomly oriented continuous fiber composite 285 discontinuous fiber composite 284 Constituents 14 Constitutive equation 96 Constrained damping mechanism 599 Constraint 454 455 460 applications in the hand of the LCD robot 516 applications in the harmonic drive 552 553 applications in the wrist of the LCD robot 517 518 for bumper beams 624 for propeller shaft 625 for side-door impact beam 643 for trenchless sewage pipe repair 657 658 Contact angle 35 375 384 386 391 393 Control volume approach 314 Conventional serial manipulator 513 Core corrugated core 234 foam core 234 honeycomb core 234 materials 15 truss core 234 weak core 239 web core 234 Corollary 455 Correction factor 218 Corrugated core 234Index Terms Links Coupled design 459 461 applications in the hand of the handling robot 518 519 Coupling 117 122 131 132 137 Coupling coefficient of the quasi-isotropic laminate 131 Covalent diamond structure 23 interaction 25 Cox model ineffective length 272 model longitudinal modulus 272 model representative volume element (RVE) 269 Cracking 4 34 336 Crash test of bumper beams 634 637 648 Creativity 452 Creep property 27 Criterion 115 153 160 180 Critical buckling load 219 239 damping (damping ratio) 617 energy release rate 193 failure mode 350 stress intensity factor 185 193 Crossply 14 Crystal 18 21 33 Crystalline 22 Crystallinity 33 Crystallites 33 Cumulative distribution function 259 Cure cycle with cooling and reheating 327Index Terms Links Cure monitoring 301 Curing agent 27 Curvature 113 121 123 in classical lamination theory 207 in flange of the box-type beam 248 of a plate 113 121 122 of narrow beam 243 of symmetrically laminated beam 241 of wide beam 245 Customer attributes 455 Customer domain 454 Customers needs 451 Cut-off grinding 340 Cutting force 341 Cycloaliphatics 30 Cylindrical bending (of laminated plate strips) 241 D Damage tolerance 401 tolerant design 183 401 Damping characteristics 566 core 599 603 core material 599 603 ratio (critical damping) 565 598 608 616 617 ratio, experimental data 538 550 551 Damping capacity 617 Drainage 292 Darcys law 290 323 659 Double cantilever beam (DCB) test 394Index Terms Links Debonding 64 440 Decomposition 461 465 of FR and DP for trenchless sewage repair 657 Decomposition process 465 Decoupled design 459 applications in the hand of the handling robot 518 applications in the wrist of the handling robot 518 519 Decoupling of decoupled design 482 483 Deflection of narrow beam 242 Degradation of polymer 327 389 Degree of cure 295 of saturation 291 of wet-out 325 Delamination 340 energy 416 failure 173 Delivery system 322 Deposit-oxide film 375 Design 450 451 in the absence of complete inform 484 axioms 456 decomposition process 467 equation for bumper beams 634 equation for propeller shaft 625 equation for side-door impact beam 643 equation for trenchless sewage pipe repair 657Index Terms Links Design (Cont.) hierarchy 458 intent 466 467 for manufacturability 483 manufacturing interface 484 matrix 458 459 460 parameter 18 451 parameter for bumper beams 634 parameter for propeller shaft 625 parameter for side-door impact beam 643 parameter for trenchless sewage pipe repair 657 parameter, in the hand of the handling robot 516 517 parameter, in the harmonic drive 552 parameter, in the wrist of the handling robot 517 518 parameters 455 range 470 478 range and coupling 484 Design–build–test 499 Diagonal matrix 459 462 Diamine 33 Diamond structure 23 Die sinking method 345 Dielectric constant 302 materials 301 Dielectrometry 301 interdigital sensor 306 Diethylene triamine (DETA) 29Index Terms Links Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 295 301 Diffusion coefficient 307 Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) 28 Diluent 28 Dimensional stability 36 Direct-drive manipulator 513 525 Discontinuous fiber 14 Dissipation factor 258 302 Domain customer domain 486 functional domain 486 physical domain 486 process domain 486 Double arm-type robot for LCD panel handling 514 cantilever beam 195 394 lap adhesive joint 352 353 372 strap adhesive joint 353 Drilling 339 Drive shaft (transmission shaft) in the robot 540 545 Drop-weight impact test 415 416 Dry grinding 340 spot 314 winding 321 Ductility index 424 Duhamel integral method 224 Duration measuring 409 Dwelling 52 Dynamic amplification factor (quality factor) 617 Dynamic energy absorption 648 Dynamic response (of composite laminate) 225Index Terms Links Dynamic stiffness in the robot 517 Dyneema (DSM) 25 E Eccentricity effect 350 ratio 570 582 Eddy current 583 586 Edge (boundary condition of a plate) 209 219 Edge distance 351 Effect of fiber orientation on fatigue strength 429 of mean stress on fatigue life 431 of stress ratio on fatigue strength 430 of target flexibility 410 of temperature and moisture 442 Effective bending stiffness (definition) 242 bending stiffness (of wide beam) 246 stiffness (of the box-type beam) 250 torsional rigidity (of the box-type beam) 251 Effector (hand) in the robot 515 516 E-glass 21 Einsteins photoelectric effect 371 Elastic constant of foundation 238 quasi-isotropic composite 133 randomly oriented continuous fiber composite 285 randomly oriented discontinuous fiber composite 284 Elastic shear stress–strain characteristics 355Index Terms Links Elastic–perfectly plastic shear stress–strain characteristics 355 Electric conductivity 582 Electrical insulator 22 resistivity 345 Electro-discharge machining (EDM) 345 Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) 391 Electrostatic bonding 36 End effector (hand) in the robot 514 515 notched flexure 195 End beam buckling test 638 End beam compression test 638 End beam of bumper beams 634 638 Energy balance equation 295 control 426 criterion 230 criterion approach 183 192 release rate 192 Energy absorption characteristics 417 Energy absorption ratio 417 Energy method 195 Energy release rate 192 Engineering constants 82 102 shear strains 68 Epoxy resin 28 Equality of information content 484 Equation for moisture diffusion 307 Equilibrium 69Index Terms Links Equivalent hygroscopic bending moment 120 hygroscopic force 118 thermal bending moment 120 thermal force 118 Ethylene 28 Euler–Bernoulli beam theory 242 Eutectic 22 Existence of uncoupled or decoupled design 404 Exothermic reaction 327 Expansion 292 F Failure (of mechanical joint) 347 Failure criterion 160 Failure-inducing surface crack 19 Failure index 169 Fastener 349 Fatigue characteristics 424 control mode 425 damage mechanisms 426 434 diagram 349 350 429 failure criterion 349 life diagram 437 safety factor 349 FEM (finite element method) of bumper beams 637 in the wrist of the handling robot 521Index Terms Links Fiber bed 290 break-out 339 buckling 336 cutting 336 deformation 292 delivery system 322 impregnation 27 kink 282 preform for trenchless sewage pipe repair 658 pull-out 339 reinforced polymeric matrix composite for automotive parts 621 tension 323 volume 291 volume fraction 41 46 291 weight fraction 41 wet-out 325 Fiber–resin stream 325 Ficks law of diffusion 307 Filament winding 37 53 321 patterns 53 Filler 37 38 352 Filler-to-resin ratio 39 Finite difference method 317 First-order shear deformation theory 206 219 First-ply failure (FPF) 171 Flake 18 Flame retardants 41 Flange definition of box-type beam 249 Flank wear 337Index Terms Links Flexibility 21 Flexibilizers 28 Flexspline 550 Flexural fatigue 431 rigidity 612 rigidity (of isotropic symmetric sandwich structure) 235 rigidity (of sandwich structure with dissimilar faces) 238 stiffness 238 stiffness-to-weight ratios 15 Flux density 586 Foam core applications in the robot 518 522 Forced vibration 565 vibration (of a composite laminate subjected to dynamic lateral load) 223 Forces per unit length 120 Formaldehyde 32 Fouriers law of heat conduction 306 Four-point bending test of the quasi-isotropic laminates 132 Fracture 182 energy 34 initiation energy 36 toughness 27 41 186 Free body diagram 174 edge (boundary condition of a plate) 210 vibration 229Index Terms Links Free (Cont.) vibration (of simply supported symmetric plate) 217 Friction resistance 31 Functional domain 454 461 465 Functional requirement 18 449 451 455 applications in the hand of the handling robot 516 applications in the wrist of the handling robot 517 518 applications in the harmonic drive 552 bumper beams 634 propeller shaft 624 side-door impact beam 643 trenchless sewage pipe repair 657 Fundamental natural bending frequency of propeller shaft 623 625 G Galvanic corrosion 335 626 Gamma irradiation 28 Gas diffusion 490 Gaussian (normal) distribution 260 Geometric compatibility 358 360 363 Glass epoxy composite 104 Glass-fiber composites 16 Glass fibers 15 21 Glass sphere 38 Glass transition temperature 40 327 352 353 493 Global laminate coordinate 111 115 Global system of coordinates 66 153 Goodman fatigue failure criterion 349 350Index Terms Links Graphite fiber 23 Graphite structure 22 23 Graphitization 24 Griffith 192 Grinding 339 H Half sorption process 308 Half-apex angle 348 Halpin–Tsai equations 283 284 Hand (end effector) in the robot 519 Hand of the handling robot 519 Harmonic drive 550 Heat-affected zone (HAZ) 344 Heat conduction equations in the transformed coordinate 300 Heat deflection temperature (HDT) 31 Heat flux 300 Heat generation 295 Heat transfer rate 307 Hele–Shaw model, generalized 317 Helical winding 322 Helix angle 339 Henrys constant 493 Hexagonal layers 23 Hexamethylenetetramine 32 Hierarchy 461 465 High-speed aerostatic spindle 567 575 582 588 590 597 High-speed resin transfer molding (HSRTM) 311 Histogram 259 Homogeneous 72Index Terms Links Honeycomb core 609 Hookes law 146 Hybrid composite 15 Hybrid joint, applications in the robot 547 Hybrid joint for propeller shaft 631 Hybrid machine tool structure 612 Hybrid propeller shaft 623 Hybrid propeller shaft design 623 Hydrocarbons 23 Hydrodynamic friction coefficient 319 Hydroquinone 28 39 Hydrostatic state 168 Hygroscopic bending moment 120 expansion 113 force 118 influence coefficient 117 in-plane influence coefficient 117 strain 113 Hygrothermal change 289 effect 208 properties of unidirectional carbon epoxy composite 309 residual stress 141 I Ideal design 461 463 483 Ignition loss method 42 Imbibition 292 Immunity of FR 475Index Terms Links Impact damage 401 energy absorption characteristics 417 isotropic materials 403 modifiers 41 nonisotropic materials 406 resistance 423 Impact energy absorption 417 Impingement mixing 55 311 Impregnation 29 Impulse 223 Impulse dynamic test (impulse response test) 602 614 In-plane shear loading 183 In situ monitoring of the temperature and dissipation 305 Incident stress 401 Independence and design range 483 Independence axiom 456 486 Inertia effects of resin 312 Information axiom 456 469 470 Information content 456 469 Infrastructure constructions 17 Inhibitor 28 39 Inhomogeneous 14 Initiation energy 418 424 Initiator 28 Injection compression molding (ICM) 309 310 molding 508 In-plane force 121 122 forces per unit length 121Index Terms Links In-plane (Cont.) shear modulus 251 shear strength 26 stiffness 116 235 strain 147 strain (in web of the box type) 248 Insulator 22 31 Integration of physical parts 482 Interdiffusion 36 Interdigital sensor 305 306 Interfacial bonding 35 Interfacial free energy 384 Interlaminar fracture 195 shear fatigue 431 shear strain 146 shear strength 26 shear stress (in the box-type beam) 251 shear stress (of a rectangular beam) 247 strength 112 stress 112 173 195 tensile strength 180 Interlocking 375 Internal mold release agent 39 International space station (ISS) 449 Invariance 484 Invariant 460 Ion-scattering spectroscopy (ISS) 391 449 Ionic bond 34 Isophthalic 28 Isothermal degree of cure 296 Isothermal rate of cure 295 Isothermal scanning 295Index Terms Links Isotropic 209 plate 233 symmetric (sandwich structure) 235 Isotropic materials 80 Izod test 117 118 J Jet impingement angle 343 Joint 346 352 for composite materials 549 671 K Kaolin clay 38 Kelly–Tyson model critical length 274 ineffective length 274 interfacial shear strength 274 Kevlar 25 Keying 25 Kinetic energy (of an elastic body) 228 Kink 282 Kirchhoff 206 210 Kirchhoff–Love hypothesis 111 206 Kirchhoffs hypothesis 111 146 Kozeny–Carman constant 294 L Lamellae 33 Lamina 66 average stress 113 beam 240 coordinate 66 111 hygroscopic in-plane influenceIndex Terms Links Lamina (Cont.) coefficient 117 strain 112 123 146 thermal bending influence coefficient matrix 119 thermal influence coefficient 117 thermal in-plane influence coefficient 116 Laser cutting 343 Last-ply failure (LPF) 172 Layered manufacturing process (rapid prototyping) 504 LCD (liquid crystal display) glass panel handling robot 18 514 Leakage flux 587 Leakage reactance 587 Leaves 466 Levy solution (for rectangular plates) 213 Life diagrams 437 Linear elastic adhesive property 358 elastic–perfectly plastic approximation 362 elastic–perfectly plastic shear stress–strain 355 elastic shear stress–strain characteristics 355 Liquid composite molding (LCM) 309 crystal 23 temperature 22 Load transmission capability 354 Local plastic deformation 183Index Terms Links Local (Cont.) ply coordinate (principal material coordinate) 111 thermodynamic equilibrium 384 Log decrement 617 Long fiber 14 Longitudinal compressive strength of composite 276 extensional mode microbuckling 278 shear failure 283 shear mode microbuckling 280 transverse tensile rupture direction 282 283 Longitudinal tensile strength of composite critical volume fraction 276 fiber dominated failure 275 276 loss angle 303 matrix dominated failure 275 276 Loss factor 567 617 Low-energy impact 416 Low-profile additives 40 Low-velocity impact 416 Lower triangular matrix 459 M Machinability 358 Machine tool 565 Machine tool dynamics 565 Machining 336 Macromechanics 64 Macromolecular chains 25 Magnetic density 584 585 588 flux density 588Index Terms Links Magnetic (Cont.) intensity 584 586 589 590 permeability 583 586 powder epoxy composite 583 586 Magnetization 583 586 Magnetizing reactance 590 594 595 Magnetomotive force 591 Major Poissons ratio of the laminate 124 126 Maleic anhydride 28 33 Mandrel 32 53 Manufacturing of composite bumper beam 639 Mapping 458 Mass balance equation 314 Mass flow rate 569 570 Master design matrix for trenchless sewage pipe repair 662 Material removal rate 3 43 Matrix 14 26 cracking 159 434 digestion method 42 419 weight fraction 42 Maturation 39 Maximum allowable tolerance 479 Maximum strain criterion 165 stress criterion 160 stress failure criterion 160 Mean stress, effect on fatigue life 431 Mechanical abrasion 375 bonding 36 fastener 346 interlocking 35Index Terms Links Mechanical (Cont.) joining 345 joint 345 Melt spinning 23 Melt-crystallized polyethylene 25 Mercury seal 25 Mesophase 23 Metal cutting stability 600 Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKPO) 28 669 Methylene chloride 36 Microcellular 487 plastics advantages 502 plastics batch process 488 Microchipping 343 Micromechanics 64 Midplane strain 113 123 Minimization of FRs 482 Minimum set of independent requirement 456 Minor Poissons ratio of the laminate 124 126 Mixed chopped and continuous fibers (mixed fiber) 15 Mode of fatigue crack growth 427 Moisture 442 absorption 113 380 concentration 113 307 380 diffusion 309 383 Mold closing speed 316 Moldability 38 Molten glass 22 Moment of inertia 21 Moments per unit length 118 Monoclinic 76 Monocrystalline fibers 18Index Terms Links Multidirectional continuous fiber composite 14 Multilayered composites or laminates 14 Multilinear elastic strain-hardening characteristics 335 Multilinear strain-hardening approximation 365 Mutual influence of the laminate 124 126 N Nanomechanics 64 Narrow beam 241 National aeronautics and space agency (NASA) 449 Natural frequency damped 225 experimental data 538 550 551 of simply supported symmetric plate 219 of the composite laminate plate 223 Natural generalization of Hookes law 72 Natural vibration (of a beam) 232 Navier approach 239 solution (for rectangular plates) 211 Navier–Stokes equation 312 Netting analysis 131 Neutral axis 237 Neutral axis (of narrow beam) 245 Neutral surface (of laminated plate) 206 Nomex 31 Non-cross-linked resins 32 Noncrystalline material 21 Nondimensional stress deviation factor 368 Nonlinear behavior of adhesive 354Index Terms Links Normal shelf life 37 Novolac 32 Nucleation 56 493 494 Number of classes 258 Nylon 26 33 O Optimum scheduling 485 Orbital space plane (OSP) 449 Organic fibers 25 Organic peroxide 28 Organosilanes 22 Oriented polyethylene fibers 25 Orowan–Irwin fracture criterion 193 Orthophthalic 28 Orthotropic 64 Orthotropic material 113 140 Out-of-plane shear 184 P Packing array 298 efficiency 294 pressure 502 Pad of bumper beams 634 PAN-based carbon fiber 24 Parabenzoquinone 39 Particulate reinforcement 14 Path dependence of uncoupled and decoupled design 483 Path independence of uncoupled design 483 Peel stress 36 352 Penetration rate 339Index Terms Links Permeability 290 313 for trenchless sewage pipe repair 659 matrix 313 of vacuum 302 Periodic complexity 480 485 Petroleum 23 Phase angle 303 difference 303 Phenolic resin 31 Photoreactive resin 505 Physical domain 461 465 484 Pigments 37 41 Planar moment 118 stress 115 strain 240 Plasma surface treatment 383 Plastic work per unit area 193 Plate, simply supported 239 Platinum orifice 21 Plunge cut grinding 340 Ply 64 angle 111 115 125 stress 153 thermal influence coefficient 141 thickness 115 Ply coordinate (principal material coordinate) 111 Point-stress criterion 188 Poissons effect 241 Poissons ratio 147 167 Polar winding 322Index Terms Links Polyacrylate copolymers 40 Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) 23 Polyamideimide (PAI) 33 Polyarylsulfone 33 Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) 33 Polycaprolactone 40 Polycarbonate 33 Polyetherether ketone (PEEK) 33 Polyethylene 25 Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 33 Polyimides 32 33 353 Polymer matrix composite (PMC) 27 Polymer pyrolysis 25 Polymeric chains 25 Polymeric composite structure 113 Polymeric fibers 19 Polymeric matrix 113 Polymerization 27 Polymerize 23 Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) 33 Polypropylene 33 Polystyrene 33 Polyurethanes 31 Polyvinylacetate 40 Porous release cloth 52 Potential energy due to a deflection 228 Power dissipation 566 593 Preform for trenchless sewage pipe repair 31 Preinjection mixing ratio 311 Preload for propeller shaft 623 671 Prepreg 30 37 51 Primer 36 353 Principal material coordinate 89 111 153Index Terms Links Probability density function (PDF) 256 260 Probability of success 471 Process design 459 Process domain 454 Process variables 454 455 Product design 458 Propagation energy 418 Propeller shaft (or drive shaft) 15 623 Propylene glycol 28 Pseudoplastic behavior 346 Pulling force 326 Pull-out 343 346 Pull system 485 Pull winding 55 Pultrusion 37 53 324 Push system 485 Pyrolysis 23 Pyrolytic graphite-coated carbon-fiber core 25 Q Quadratic delamination criterion 180 Quality factor (dynamic amplification factor) 617 Quasi-isotropic laminate 131 R Racetracking in mold filling process 311 Racetrack polar winding 322 Radial clearance 590 591 Radial resin flow velocity 323 Radial stiffness of the angular contact ball bearing 527 528 Rake angle 336Index Terms Links Random coil configuration 25 Random variable 258 Random variation 476 Rate of cure 295 296 of deformation of SMC 319 of degree of cure 328 Rayon 23 Reaction heat 295 Reaction injection molding (RIM) 55 Ready-to-mold fiber-reinforced polymer sheets 37 Reduced stiffness 96 Redundant design 461 463 483 Reheating stop 328 Reinforcement 14 18 Reinforcement–matrix interaction 34 Relative permeability 659 Release rate 344 Reliability (cumulative distribution function for survival) 261 290 291 298 Representative volume element (RVE) 267 Residual strength 436 Residual stress 624 627 Residual stress in hybrid propeller shaft 627 Residual thermal stress 352 624 Resin curing process 295 flow 290 291 312 flow during trenchless sewage pipe repair 659 penetration 325Index Terms Links Resin (Cont.) transfer molding (RTM) 55 310 659 volume 291 Resistance of the material to extension deformation 320 the material to transverse shear 320 Resistivity 584 585 Resole resins 32 Rigidity of isotropic symmetric sandwich structure 235 236 sandwich structure with dissimilar faces 237 238 Ring structures 32 33 Ritz method 227 Rivet 347 Robot (definitions and classifications) 513 514 Robust design 473 474 477 Robustness of design 484 Rod (definition) 240 Rounding wear 337 Roving 53 321 RTM 19 310 for underground large composite structures 659 Rubber-toughened adhesive 352 354 355 Rule of mixtures (ROM) 43 182 272 S Sample standard deviation 258 Sandwich plate (on an elastic foundation) 238Index Terms Links Sandwich (Cont.) structure 15 234 566 609 612 structure, applications in the robot 518 structures (with dissimilar faces) 237 SCARA robot 18 525 type robot 514 525 Scarf adhesive joint 352 353 SDOF (single-degree-of-freedom system) 223 224 Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) 391 Self-excitation vibration (chatter) 565 605 606 615 Self-tapping screw 347 SEM 370 371 S-glass 22 Shattered chip 337 Shear correction factor 213 coupling 241 coupling coefficient of the quasi-isotropic laminate 131 failure (of mechanical joint) 347 force (of narrow beam) 242 rate 297 strength versus fiber volume fraction 420 stress 352 stress (in the box-type beam) 251 Sheet molding compound (SMC) 19 37 50 315 503 504 Short fiber 14 Short-range network structure 21 Shrinkage 28 stress 353Index Terms Links Side-door impact beam 642 Side-relief face 337 Silane coupling 36 Silica 21 Silicon carbide fiber 25 simultaneous engineering 468 steel rotor 583 584 591 593 596 Simple bending theory 21 Simply supported edge (boundary condition of a plate) 210 216 239 Simply supported symmetric plate 216 217 Single crystalline region 33 Single edge-notched tension 187 Single-lap adhesive joint 352 353 365 387 Single-strap adhesive joint 353 Single-stage resin 32 Singularity 178 Sink mark 29 315 Sinking method 345 Slip speed 593 596 597 Sol–gel technique 25 Solution-neutral environment 455 Solvent 37 Sonotrode 343 Specially orthotropic laminate 208 Specific cutting force (specific cutting power) 600 615 damping capacity 617 moisture asorption 121 moisture concentration 131 307Index Terms Links Specific (Cont.) relative permeability 586 stiffness 16 46 567 597 598 609 strength 16 46 surface energy 192 Spectra (AlliedSignal) 25 Splintered chip 337 Squirrel cage 587 591 Stability (of simply supported symmetric plate) 217 Stability limit 565 607 608 Stacking sequence 66 579 Standard deviation 258 Starch–oil emulsion 22 Static characteristics of side-door impact beam 644 Static stiffness 565 568 574 575 607 Steady flow 292 Steel belt in the SCARA-type robot 536 537 cover 601 602 604 cover thickness 601 602 604 Stepped-lap adhesive joint 352 353 Stiffness 474 Stiffness design 565 Stiffness matrix 75 117 125 152 for sandwich structure 234 Stiffness of the preloaded angular contact ball 527 Stiffness transformation equation 93Index Terms Links Strain axial strain of the box-type beam 250 capability 352 control 426 distribution of narrow beam 244 energy (of an elastic body) 227 energy release rate 192 in flange of the box-type beam 249 in web of the box-type beam 249 of symmetric laminate without in-plane force 247 of the laminate plate 112 208 transformation matrix 92 variation 115 Strand 22 Strap adhesive joint 353 Strength design 152 196 Strength properties of the quasi-isotropic composite 186 Strength tensors 169 Strength versus fiber volume fraction 420 Stress concentration 352 360 374 concentration factor 189 distribution 130 138 failure criterion 161 gradient 114 intensity factor 190 ratio on fatigue strength 430 transformation matrix 90 variation 114 Stretching response 121Index Terms Links Structural flexibility 23 Structural reaction injection molding (SRIM) 57 310 311 Styrene monomer 32 661 662 Styrene–butadiene copolymer 41 Supercritical fluid 493 Sum of information 484 Surface active agents (coupling agent) 36 deposit-oxide film 375 energy 192 free energy 35 384 modification 26 roughness 36 375 treatment 26 375 Swelling coefficient 309 Symmetric sandwich structure 235 Symmetric laminate 66 175 Symmetrically laminated beam 240 241 Synthetic composites 15 System constraint 460 461 probability density function (PDF) 470 range 470 T Talc 38 Tapered end beam of bumper beams 639 640 end beam buckling test 639 640 end beam compression test 639 640 Target flexibility 410Index Terms Links Tarpaulin film for trenchless sewage pipe repair 662 Teflon 51 522 Temperature gradient 300 307 Tension failure (of mechanical joint) 346 351 Tensioning mechanism in the SCARA-type robot 537 Tension–tension fatigue 428 Tension–tension S–N curve 428 Tensor notation 114 transformation relation 140 Theorem 455 Theoretical cohesive strength 19 Theoretical stress concentration factor 189 Thermal bending influence coefficient matrix 119 bending moment 120 conductivity 298 338 contraction ratio 40 force 118 influence coefficient 117 in-plane influence coefficient 114 119 residual stress 141 residual stress in hybrid propeller shaft 627 resistance 298 shrinkage 40 Thermodynamic equilibrium 490 493 Thermoplastic injection molding (TIM) 55 Thermoplastic polymers 27 33 Thermosets 27 Thermosetting polymers 27Index Terms Links Thick composite laminate 327 Thickener 39 Thickening agents 37 Thickness integral 115 118 Three-piece molds 534 535 Three-point bending 645 Through-thickness strain 146 Time-dependent combinational complexity 480 periodic complexity 480 Time-independent real complexity 479 imaginary complexity 480 Tolerance 474 Toluene diisocyanate 36 Tool wear 565 Torque transmission capability of hybrid propeller shaft 361 623 627 Torsional fatigue 433 Torsional rigidity (of the box-type beam) 251 Torsional shear strain-cycle diagram 434 Torsional S–N diagram 433 Toughness 15 Tow 53 321 Traction-free condition 177 Transformation matrix 89 Transformed constitute equation 102 Transmission shaft (drive shaft) in the robot 540 545 Transport phenomena 328 Transverse direction 46 modulus 44Index Terms Links Transverse (Cont.) modulus of the laminate 124 125 moment (of narrow beam) 241 shear deformation 207 217 shear deformation (in dynamic analysis of composite) 221 shear deformation (in static analysis of composite) 219 shear force 204 shear stress 219 Transversely isotropic 79 Traveling wire electrode process 345 Trenchless sewage pipe repair by RTM 657 development through design axioms 657 Tresca theory 160 Triangular matrix 459 462 Triclinic material 76 Trimming 336 Truss core 234 Tsai–Hill criterion 167 Tsai–Wu tensor failure criterion 169 Tubular double-lap joint 371 Tubular single-lap joint 357 Tungsten carbide boring bar 597 598 Twisting moment (of narrow beam) 241 Two-parameter exponential approximation of adhesive 335 Two-parameter shear stress–strain characteristics 360 Two-stage resins 32Index Terms Links U Ultrasonic machining 343 Ultraviolet 28 absorbers 41 surface treatment 390 Uncoupled design 459 with less information 483 Unidirectional continuous fiber composite 14 Unidirectional (UD) lamina 64 Unsaturated points 32 Unsaturated polyester resin 28 Upper triangular matrix 459 Use of standardization 482 Use of symmetry 482 USM foam molding process 507 V Vacuum-assisted molding 315 Vacuum-assisted RTM (VARTM) 310 Vacuum bag degassing process 52 Vacuum bagging process 51 Van der Waals type bond 23 Variance 474 Velocity profile 320 Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) 584 Vibration of simply supported symmetric plate 217 of a composite laminate subjected to dynamic lateral load 223 Vinyl esters 32 Vinylsilane 36 Viscoelastic 27 Viscosity of a thermosetting resin 297Index Terms Links Viscous damping factor 225 Void ratio 291 Void volume 291 Volatile 32 Volume flow rate 568 569 susceptibility 584 Von Mises theory 160 W Warpage 148 Water jet machining 342 343 Water-resistant polyester glass-fiber composite 20 Waviness 339 Weak core 237 Web (definition) 248 Web core 234 Weber number 492 Weibull distribution 260 distribution scale (location) parameter 260 distribution shape parameter 260 parameters of composite materials 272 Weight fraction 42 Wet grinding 340 winding 53 321 Wettability 35 Wetting of matrix into fiber 35 659 Whirling of propeller shaft 623 Whirling vibration 567 568 582 Whisker 18Index Terms Links Whitney–Nuismer failure criterion 188 Wide beam 245 Winding angle 322 Woven fabric continuous fiber composite 14 Wrist of the robot 520 523 Wrist of the handling robot 513 514 520 523 536 539 X X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 3 91 Y Yarn 53 321 tension 325 Youngs equation 35 Z Zigzagging 461 465 466
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