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| موضوع: كتاب Sociology - Fourteenth Edition الخميس 15 نوفمبر 2018, 10:36 am | |
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أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Sociology Fourteenth Edition John J. Macionis Kenyon College
ويتناول الموضوعات الأتية :
Brief contents Part I The Foundations of Sociology 1 The Sociological Perspective 1 2 Sociological Investigation 24 Part II The Foundations of Society 3 Culture 52 4 Society 78 5 Socialization 100 6 Social Interaction in Everyday Life 124 7 Groups and Organizations 144 8 Sexuality and Society 166 9 Deviance 192 Part III Social Inequality 10 Social Stratification 268 11 Social Class in the United States 244 12 Global Stratification 268 13 Gender Stratification 392 14 Race and Ethnicity 318 15 Aging and the Elderly 346 Part IV Social Institutions 16 The Economy and Work 368 17 Politics and Government 392 18 Families 416 19 Religion 440 20 Education 464 21 Health and Medicine 486 Part V Social Change 22 Population, Urbanization, and Environment 510 23 Collective Behavior and Social Movements 538 24 Social Change: Traditional, Modern, and Postmodern Societies 562Boxes xvii Maps xix Preface xxi Part I The Foundations of Sociology 1 The Sociological Perspective 1 The Sociological Perspective 2 Seeing the General in the Particular 2 Seeing the Strange in the Familiar 3 Seeing Society in Our Everyday Lives 5 Seeing Sociologically: Marginality and Crisis 5 The Importance of a Global Perspective 6 Applying the Sociological Perspective 8 Sociology and Public Policy 8 Sociology and Personal Growth 8 Careers: The “Sociology Advantage” 9 The Origins of Sociology 9 Social Change and Sociology 9 Science and Sociology 11 Sociological Theory 12 The Structural-Functional Approach 12 The Social-Conflict Approach 13 Feminism and the Gender-Conflict Approach 14 The Race-Conflict Approach 14 The Symbolic-Interaction Approach 16 Applying the Approaches: The Sociology of Sports 17 The Functions of Sports 17 Sports and Conflict 17 Sports as Interaction 18 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 20 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 21 Making the Grade 22 2 Sociological Investigation 24 Basics of Sociological Investigation 27 Science as One Type of Truth 27 Common Sense versus Scientific Evidence 27 Three Ways to Do Sociology 29 Positivist Sociology 29 Interpretive Sociology 33 Critical Sociology 34 Research Orientations and Theory 34 Gender and Research 35 Research Ethics 35 Methods of Sociological Research 36 Testing a Hypothesis: The Experiment 36 Asking Questions: Survey Research 38 In the Field: Participant Observation 41 Using Available Data: Existing Sources 43 The Interplay of Theory and Method 45 Putting It All Together: Ten Steps in Sociological Investigation 45 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 48 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 49 Making the Grade 50 Part II The Foundations of Society 3 Culture 52 What Is Culture? 54 Culture and Human Intelligence 57 Culture, Nation, and Society 57 How Many Cultures? 57 The Elements of Culture 58 Symbols 58 Language 59 Values and Beliefs 61 Norms 62 Ideal and Real Culture 63 Material Culture and Technology 63 New Information Technology and Culture 64 Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World 64 High Culture and Popular Culture 64 Subculture 64 Multiculturalism 65 Counterculture 66 Cultural Change 67 Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism 69 A Global Culture? 69 Theories of Culture 70 The Functions of Culture: Structural-Functional Theory 70 Inequality and Culture: Social-Conflict Theory 70 Evolution and Culture: Sociobiology 71 Culture and Human Freedom 72 Culture as Constraint 72 viii contentsCulture as Freedom 72 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 74 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 75 Making the Grade 76 4 Society 78 Gerhard Lenski: Society and Technology 80 Hunting and Gathering Societies 81 Horticultural and Pastoral Societies 82 Agrarian Societies 82 Industrial Societies 84 Postindustrial Societies 84 The Limits of Technology 85 Karl Marx: Society and Conflict 85 Society and Production 86 Conflict and History 86 Capitalism and Class Conflict 87 Capitalism and Alienation 87 Revolution 88 Max Weber: The Rationalization of Society 88 Two Worldviews: Tradition and Rationality 88 Is Capitalism Rational? 90 Weber’s Great Thesis: Protestantism and Capitalism 90 Rational Social Organization 91 Emile Durkheim: Society and Function 92 Structure: Society beyond Ourselves 92 Function: Society as System 92 Personality: Society in Ourselves 92 Modernity and Anomie 93 Evolving Societies: The Division of Labor 93 Critical Review: Four Visions of Society 94 What Holds Societies Together? 94 How Have Societies Changed? 94 Why Do Societies Change? 95 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 96 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 97 Making the Grade 98 5 Socialization 100 Social Experience: The Key to Our Humanity 102 Human Development: Nature and Nurture 102 Social Isolation 103 Understanding Socialization 104 Sigmund Freud’s Elements of Personality 104 Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development 105 Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development 106 Carol Gilligan’s Theory of Gender and Moral Development 106 George Herbert Mead’s Theory of the Social Self 107 Erik H. Erikson’s Eight Stages of Development 109 Agents of Socialization 109 The Family 110 The School 111 The Peer Group 112 The Mass Media 112 Socialization and the Life Course 115 Childhood 115 Adolescence 115 Adulthood 115 Old Age 116 Death and Dying 117 The Life Course: Patterns and Variations 117 Resocialization: Total Institutions 118 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 120 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 121 Making the Grade 122 6 Social Interaction in Everyday Life 124 Social Structure: A Guide to Everyday Living 126 Status 127 Status Set 127 Ascribed and Achieved Status 127 Master Status 127 Role 127 Role Set 128 Role Conflict and Role Strain 128 Role Exit 129 The Social Construction of Reality 129 “Street Smarts” 130 The Thomas Theorem 131 Ethnomethodology 131 Reality Building: Class and Culture 131 Dramaturgical Analysis: The “Presentation of Self” 132 Performances 132 Nonverbal Communication 132 Gender and Performances 133 Idealization 134 Embarrassment and Tact 134 Interaction in Everyday Life: Three Applications 135 Emotions: The Social Construction of Feeling 135 Language: The Social Construction of Gender 136 Reality Play: The Social Construction of Humor 137 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 140 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 141 Making the Grade 142 Contents ix7 Groups and Organizations 144 Social Groups 146 Primary and Secondary Groups 147 Group Leadership 148 Group Conformity 148 Reference Groups 149 In-Groups and Out-Groups 150 Group Size 150 Social Diversity: Race, Class, and Gender 151 Networks 151 Formal Organizations 153 Types of Formal Organizations 153 Origins of Formal Organizations 153 Characteristics of Bureaucracy 153 Organizational Environment 154 The Informal Side of Bureaucracy 154 Problems of Bureaucracy 155 Oligarchy 156 The Evolution of Formal Organizations 156 Scientific Management 156 The First Challenge: Race and Gender 157 The Second Challenge: The Japanese Work Organization 158 The Third Challenge: The Changing Nature of Work 158 The “McDonaldization” of Society 159 The Future of Organizations: Opposing Trends 160 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 162 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 163 Making the Grade 164 8 Sexuality and Society 166 Understanding Sexuality 168 Sex: A Biological Issue 169 Sex and the Body 169 Sex: A Cultural Issue 170 The Incest Taboo 171 Sexual Attitudes in the United States 172 The Sexual Revolution 172 The Sexual Counterrevolution 173 Premarital Sex 173 Sex between Adults 175 Extramarital Sex 175 Sex over the Life Course 175 Sexual Orientation 175 What Gives Us a Sexual Orientation? 176 How Many Gay People Are There? 178 The Gay Rights Movement 178 Sexual Issues and Controversies 179 Teen Pregnancy 179 كلمة محذوفةography 179 Prostitution 180 Sexual Violence: Rape and Date Rape 182 Theories of Sexuality 184 Structural-Functional Theory 183 Symbolic-Interaction Theory 184 Social-Conflict and Feminist Theories 185 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 188 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 189 Making the Grade 190 9 Deviance 192 What Is Deviance? 194 Social Control 194 The Biological Context 194 Personality Factors 195 The Social Foundations of Deviance 196 The Functions of Deviance: Structural-Functional Theories 197 Durkheim’s Basic Insight 197 Merton’s Strain Theory 197 Deviant Subcultures 198 Labeling Deviance: Symbolic-Interaction Theories 200 Labeling Theory 200 The Medicalization of Deviance 201 The Difference Labels Make 201 Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory 201 Hirschi’s Control Theory 202 Deviance and Inequality: Social-Conflict Theory 202 Deviance and Power 203 Deviance and Capitalism 203 White-Collar Crime 203 Corporate Crime 204 Organized Crime 204 Deviance, Race, and Gender 205 Hate Crimes 205 The Feminist Perspective: Deviance and Gender 206 Crime 207 Types of Crime 207 Criminal Statistics 207 The Street Criminal: A Profile 208 Crime in Global Perspective 209 The U.S. Criminal Justice System 211 Due Process 211 Police 212 Courts 212 Punishment 212 The Death Penalty 214 Community-Based Corrections 215 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 218 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 219 Making the Grade 220 x ContentsPart III Social Inequality 10 Social Stratification 222 What Is Social Stratification? 224 Caste and Class Systems 225 The Caste System 225 The Class System 226 Caste and Class: The United Kingdom 227 Another Example: Japan 228 Classless Societies? The Former Soviet Union 229 China: Emerging Social Classes 230 Ideology: Supporting Stratification 231 Plato and Marx on Ideology 231 Historical Patterns of Ideology 231 Functions of Social Stratification 231 The Davis-Moore Thesis 231 Stratification and Conflict 233 Karl Marx: Class Conflict 233 Why No Marxist Revolution? 234 Max Weber: Class, Status, and Power 234 Stratification and Interaction 235 Stratification and Technology: A Global Perspective 236 Hunting and Gathering Societies 236 Horticultural, Pastoral, and Agrarian Societies 236 Industrial Societies 236 The Kuznets Curve 237 Social Stratification: Facts and Values 238 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 240 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 241 Making the Grade 242 11 Social Class in the United States 244 Dimensions of Social Inequality 246 Income 246 Wealth 247 Power 247 Occupational Prestige 248 Schooling 248 U.S. Stratification: Merit and Caste 248 Ancestry 248 Race and Ethnicity 248 Gender 249 Social Classes in the United States 249 The Upper Class 249 The Middle Class 250 The Working Class 251 The Lower Class 251 The Difference Class Makes 251 Health 251 Values and Attitudes 251 Politics 252 Family and Gender 252 Social Mobility 254 Research on Mobility 254 Mobility by Income Level 255 Mobility: Race, Ethnicity, and Gender 256 Mobility and Marriage 256 The American Dream: Still a Reality? 256 The Global Economy and the U.S. Class Structure 257 Poverty in the United States 257 The Extent of Poverty 258 Who Are the Poor? 259 Explaining Poverty 260 The Working Poor 262 Homelessness 262 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 264 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 265 Making the Grade 266 12 Global Stratification 268 Global Stratification: An Overview 270 A Word about Terminology 271 High-Income Countries 272 Middle-Income Countries 273 Low-Income Countries 274 Global Wealth and Poverty 275 The Severity of Poverty 276 The Extent of Poverty 277 Poverty and Children 278 Poverty and Women 278 Slavery 278 Explanations of Global Poverty 279 Global Stratification: Applying Theory 280 Modernization Theory 280 Dependency Theory 283 Global Stratification: Looking Ahead 286 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 288 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 289 Making the Grade 290 13 Gender Stratification 292 Gender and Inequality 294 Male-Female Differences 294 Gender in Global Perspective 295 Patriarchy and Sexism 296 Gender and Socialization 297 Gender and the Family 298 Gender and the Peer Group 298 Contents xiGender and Schooling 298 Gender and the Mass Media 298 Gender and Social Stratification 299 Working Women and Men 299 Gender, Income, and Wealth 301 Housework: Women’s “Second Shift” 301 Gender and Education 302 Gender and Politics 302 Gender and the Military 303 Are Women a Minority? 303 Minority Women: Intersection Theory 304 Violence against Women 304 Violence against Men 305 Sexual Harassment 306 كلمة محذوفةography 307 Theories of Gender 308 Structural-Functional Analysis 308 Symbolic-Interaction Analysis 309 Social-Conflict Analysis 309 Feminism 310 Basic Feminist Ideas 310 Types of Feminism 311 Opposition to Feminism 312 Gender: Looking Ahead 313 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 314 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 315 Making the Grade 316 14 Race and Ethnicity 318 The Social Meaning of Race and Ethnicity 320 Race 320 Ethnicity 322 Minorities 322 Prejudice and Stereotypes 323 Measuring Prejudice: The Social Distance Scale 324 Racism 326 Theories of Prejudice 326 Discrimination 328 Institutional Prejudice and Discrimination 328 Prejudice and Discrimination: The Vicious Circle 328 Majority and Minority: Patterns of Interaction 328 Pluralism 328 Assimilation 329 Segregation 329 Genocide 329 Race and Ethnicity in the United States 330 Native Americans 330 White Anglo-Saxon Protestants 332 African Americans 332 Asian Americans 334 Hispanic Americans/Latinos 336 Arab Americans 338 White Ethnic Americans 339 Race and Ethnicity: Looking Ahead 340 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 342 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 343 Making the Grade 344 15 Aging and the Elderly 346 The Graying of the United States 348 Birth Rate: Going Down 348 Life Expectancy: Going Up 349 An Aging Society: Cultural Change 349 The “Young Old” and the “Old Old” 350 Growing Old: Biology and Culture 350 Biological Changes 350 Psychological Changes 351 Aging and Culture 352 Age Stratification: A Global Survey 352 Transitions and Challenges of Aging 354 Finding Meaning 354 Social Isolation 355 Retirement 355 Aging and Poverty 355 Caregiving 357 Ageism 357 The Elderly: A Minority? 358 Theories of Aging 358 Structural-Functional Theory: Aging and Disengagement 358 Symbolic-Interaction Theory: Aging and Activity 359 Social-Conflict Theory: Aging and Inequality 359 Death and Dying 360 Historical Patterns of Death 360 The Modern Separation of Life and Death 360 Ethical Issues: Confronting Death 360 Bereavement 362 Aging: Looking Ahead 362 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 364 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 365 Making the Grade 366 Part IV Social Institutions 16 The Economy and Work 368 The Economy: Historical Overview 370 The Agricultural Revolution 370 The Industrial Revolution 371 xii ContentsThe Information Revolution and Postindustrial Society 371 Sectors of the Economy 372 The Global Economy 373 Economic Systems: Paths to Justice 373 Capitalism 373 Socialism 375 Welfare Capitalism and State Capitalism 376 Relative Advantages of Capitalism and Socialism 376 Changes in Socialist and Capitalist Countries 377 Work in the Postindustrial U.S. Economy 378 The Decline of Agricultural Work 378 From Factory Work to Service Work 378 The Dual Labor Market 379 Labor Unions 379 Professions 379 Self-Employment 381 Unemployment and Underemployment 381 The Underground Economy 382 Workplace Diversity: Race and Gender 382 Information Technology and Work 383 Corporations 384 Economic Concentration 384 Conglomerates and Corporate Linkages 384 Corporations: Are They Competitive? 384 Corporations and the Global Economy 385 The Economy: Looking Ahead 386 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 388 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 389 Making the Grade 390 17 Politics and Government 392 Power and Authority 394 Traditional Authority 394 Rational-Legal Authority 395 Charismatic Authority 395 Politics in Global Perspective 395 Monarchy 396 Democracy 396 Authoritarianism 399 Totalitarianism 399 A Global Political System? 399 Politics in the United States 399 U.S. Culture and the Rise of the Welfare State 400 The Political Spectrum 400 Special-Interest Groups 401 Voter Apathy 402 Should Convicted Criminals Vote? 404 Theories of Power in Society 404 The Pluralist Model: The People Rule 404 The Power-Elite Model: A Few People Rule 404 The Marxist Model: The System Is Biased 404 Power beyond the Rules 405 Revolution 405 Terrorism 406 War and Peace 407 The Causes of War 407 Social Class, Gender, and the Military 408 Is Terrorism a New Kind of War? 408 The Costs and Causes of Militarism 409 Nuclear Weapons 409 Mass Media and War 409 Pursuing Peace 410 Politics: Looking Ahead 411 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 412 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 413 Making the Grade 414 18 Families 416 Families: Basic Concepts 418 Families: Global Variations 419 Marriage Patterns 419 Residential Patterns 419 Patterns of Descent 420 Patterns of Authority 421 Theories of the Family 422 Functions of the Family: Structural-Functional Theory 422 Inequality and the Family: Social-Conflict and Feminist Theories 423 Constructing Family Life: Micro-Level Theories 423 Stages of Family Life 424 Courtship 424 Settling In: Ideal and Real Marriage 425 Child Rearing 425 The Family in Later Life 426 U.S. Families: Class, Race, and Gender 427 Social Class 427 Ethnicity and Race 427 Gender 429 Transitions and Problems in Family Life 430 Divorce 430 Remarriage and Blended Families 431 Family Violence 431 Alternative Family Forms 432 One-Parent Families 432 Cohabitation 432 Gay and Lesbian Couples 433 Singlehood 433 New Reproductive Technologies and Families 434 Families: Looking Ahead 434 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 436 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 437 Making the Grade 438 Contents xiiiThe Functions of Schooling 469 Socialization 469 Cultural Innovation 469 Social Integration 469 Social Placement 469 Latent Functions of Schooling 469 Schooling and Social Interaction 470 The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy 470 Schooling and Social Inequality 471 Social Control 471 Standardized Testing 471 School Tracking 471 Inequality among Schools 471 Access to Higher Education 474 Greater Opportunity: Expanding Higher Education 474 Privilege and Personal Merit 475 Problems in the Schools 475 Discipline and Violence 475 Student Passivity 476 Dropping Out 477 Academic Standards 477 Grade Inflation 478 Current Issues in U.S. Education 478 School Choice 478 Home Schooling 479 Schooling People with Disabilities 480 Adult Education 480 The Teacher Shortage 480 Schooling: Looking Ahead 481 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 482 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 483 Making the Grade 484 21 Health and Medicine 486 What Is Health? 488 Health and Society 488 Health: A Global Survey 489 Health in Low-Income Countries 489 Health in High-Income Countries 489 Health in the United States 490 Who Is Healthy? Age, Gender, Class, and Race 490 Cigarette Smoking 491 Eating Disorders 492 Obesity 492 Sexually Transmitted Diseases 493 Ethical Issues surrounding Death 496 The Medical Establishment 497 The Rise of Scientific Medicine 497 Holistic Medicine 497 Paying for Medical Care: A Global Survey 498 xiv Contents 19 Religion 440 Religion: Basic Concepts 442 Religion and Sociology 442 Theories of Religion 443 Functions of Religion: Structural-Functional Theory 443 Constructing the Sacred: Symbolic-Interaction Theory 443 Inequality and Religion: Social-Conflict Theory 444 Religion and Social Change 444 Max Weber: Protestantism and Capitalism 444 Liberation Theology 445 Types of Religious Organizations 446 Church 446 Sect 446 Cult 447 Religion in History 447 Religion in Preindustrial Societies 447 Religion in Industrial Societies 448 World Religions 448 Christianity 448 Islam 448 Judaism 450 Hinduism 450 Buddhism 451 Confucianism 452 Religion: East and West 452 Religion in the United States 452 Religious Affiliation 453 Religiosity 453 Religion: Class, Ethnicity, and Race 453 Religion in a Changing Society 455 Changing Affiliation 455 Secularization 455 Civil Religion 456 “New Age” Seekers: Spirituality without Formal Religion 456 Religious Revival: “Good Old-Time Religion” 458 Religion: Looking Ahead 459 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 460 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 461 Making the Grade 462 20 Education 464 Education: A Global Survey 466 Schooling and Economic Development 466 Schooling in India 467 Schooling in Japan 467 Schooling in Great Britain 467 Schooling in the United States 468Paying for Medical Care: The United States 499 The Nursing Shortage 501 Theories of Health and Medicine 501 Structural-Functional Theory: Roles 502 Symbolic-Interaction Theory: The Meaning of Health 502 Social-Conflict and Feminist Theory: Health and Inequality 503 Health and Medicine: Looking Ahead 504 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 506 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 507 Making the Grade 508 Part V Social Change 22 Population, Urbanization, and Environment 510 Demography: The Study of Population 512 Fertility 512 Mortality 513 Migration 513 Population Growth 514 Population Composition 514 History and Theory of Population Growth 516 Malthusian Theory 516 Demographic Transition Theory 517 Global Population Today: A Brief Survey 518 Urbanization: The Growth of Cities 520 The Evolution of Cities 520 The Growth of U.S. Cities 520 Suburbs and Urban Decline 521 Postindustrial Sunbelt Cities 521 Megalopolis: The Regional City 522 Edge Cities 522 The Rural Rebound 522 Urbanism as a Way of Life 522 Ferdinand T?nnies: Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft 522 Emile Durkheim: Mechanical and Organic Solidarity 523 Georg Simmel: The Blasé Urbanite 523 The Chicago School: Robert Park and Louis Wirth 523 Urban Ecology 524 Urban Political Economy 525 Urbanization in Poor Nations 526 Environment and Society 526 The Global Dimension 527 Technology and the Environmental Deficit 527 Culture: Growth and Limits 527 Solid Waste: The Disposable Society 528 Water and Air 529 The Rain Forests 531 Environmental Racism 531 Looking Ahead: Toward a Sustainable Society and World 532 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 534 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 535 Making the Grade 536 23 Collective Behavior and Social Movements 538 Studying Collective Behavior 540 Localized Collectivities: Crowds 541 Mobs and Riots 542 Crowds, Mobs, and Social Change 542 Explaining Crowd Behavior 542 Dispersed Collectivities: Mass Behavior 544 Rumor and Gossip 544 Public Opinion and Propaganda 544 Fashions and Fads 545 Panic and Mass Hysteria 546 Disasters 547 Social Movements 548 Types of Social Movements 548 Claims Making 549 Explaining Social Movements 550 Gender and Social Movements 555 Stages in Social Movements 555 Social Movements and Social Change 556 Social Movements: Looking Ahead 556 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 558 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 559 Making the Grade 560 24 Social Change: Traditional, Modern, and Postmodern Societies 562 What Is Social Change? 564 Causes of Social Change 565 Culture and Change 565 Conflict and Change 566 Ideas and Change 566 Demographic Change 566 Modernity 566 Four Dimensions of Modernization 566 Ferdinand T?nnies: The Loss of Community 568 Emile Durkheim: The Division of Labor 569 Max Weber: Rationalization 569 Karl Marx: Capitalism 570 Theories of Modernity 571 Structural-Functional Theory: Modernity as Mass Society 571 Social-Conflict Theory: Modernity as Class Society 573 Modernity and the Individual 574 Modernity and Progress 576 Modernity: Global Variation 577 Contents xvxvi Contents Postmodernity 578 Looking Ahead: Modernization and Our Global Future 578 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 582 Seeing Sociology in Your Everyday Life 583 Making the Grade 584 Sample Tests 586 Glossary 604 References 610 Photo Credits 643 Name Index 645 Subject Index 650
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