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عدد المساهمات : 18996 التقييم : 35494 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
| موضوع: كتاب Solid-State NMR in Materials Science - Principles and Applications الإثنين 17 ديسمبر 2018, 9:55 pm | |
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أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Solid-State NMR in Materials Science - Principles and Applications Vladimir I Bakhmutov
ويتناول الموضوعات الأتية :
Contents Preface xi Author xv Chapter 1 General Principles of Pulsed NMR and NMR Techniques 1 1 1 Early History of NMR in the Solid State 2 1 2 Nuclei in the External Magnetic Field 3 1 3 Effects of Radio Frequency Pulses 9 1 4 From Macroscopic Magnetization to Nuclear Relaxation and Shapes of NMR Signals 12 1 4 1 Common Representations of Molecular Motions and Their In?uence on NMR 14 1 4 2 Contribution of Molecular Mobility to Spin–Spin and Spin–Lattice Nuclear Relaxation 17 1 5 Parameters Characterizing Nuclei in the External Magnetic Field 20 1 5 1 Chemical Shift 20 1 5 2 Spin–Spin Coupling 22 1 5 3 Quadrupolar Coupling 24 1 6 Introducing NMR Equipment and NMR Experiments 26 1 6 1 Magnets and NMR Probes 28 1 6 2 Homogeneity of the External Magnetic Field and Digital Resolution in NMR Spectra 30 1 6 3 Dead Time of NMR Spectrometers: Intensity of Signals and Distortion of Baselines in NMR Spectra 30 1 7 Main Principles of Two-Dimensional NMR 32 1 8 Enhancement of Sensitivity in NMR 34 References 35 Chapter 2 On Amorphous Materials as Potential Objects in Solid-State NMR Studies: Common and Key Problems 37 2 1 Hybrid Materials 38 2 2 Polymer Solids 40 2 3 Systems Based on Nanostructures 41 2 4 Wood and Wood Components 42 2 5 Glasses 44 2 6 Zeolites 45vi Contents 2 7 Design of Porous and Layered Molecular Systems 47 2 7 1 General Problems in Structural Characterizations of Amorphous Porous Materials 48 2 7 2 Some Key Structural Issues in Characterizations of Amorphous Materials Modifed by Metal Ions and Methods for Structure Solution 50 References 54 Chapter 3 Features of Solid-State NMR: Diamagnetic Materials 57 3 1 From Isotropic Chemical Shifts to Magnetic Shielding Tensors 57 3 1 1 Visualization of Chemical Shift Tensors and Determination of Their Orientations 62 3 2 Nuclei with a Spin of 1/2 66 3 3 Quadrupolar Nuclei in Solids 70 3 3 1 Two Categories of Quadrupolar Nuclei 72 3 4 Detection of NMR Signals in Solids: Common Aspects 73 3 4 1 Wide-Line NMR 73 3 4 2 Direct Excitation 74 3 4 3 Cross-Polarization 76 3 4 4 Cross-Polarization with Quadrupolar Nuclei 79 3 5 High-Power Decoupling 81 3 6 Multi-Quantum NMR Experiments 83 3 7 Dipolar Recoupling NMR Techniques 85 3 8 Sideband Manipulations 90 3 9 Zero-Field Solid-State NMR Experiments 92 3 10 Solid-State NMR Imaging 94 References 96 Chapter 4 Practice of Multinuclear NMR in Diamagnetic Solids: General Information and Examples of Applications 99 4 1 Structural Information by Increasing the Spectral Resolution in Multinuclear Solid-State NMR 99 4 1 1 Spectral Resolution for Nonquadrupolar Nuclei 100 4 1 2 Signal Assignments 102 4 1 3 Resolving Quadrupolar Nuclei 104 4 2 Probing Proximities of Nuclei and Measurements of Internuclear Distances in Diamagnetic Solids 106 4 3 31P Solid-State NMR 111 4 4 Solid-State NMR of Halogen Nuclei and Oxygen 116 4 5 Solid-State NMR of Oxide Materials: Nuclei 51V, 93Nb, and 181Ta 123 4 6 Solid-State 13C NMR: Wood and Wood Products 127 4 7 2H NMR in Solids at Deuterium Natural Abundance 129Contents vii 4 8 Between Solution- and Solid-State NMR: Nanoparticles and Suspensions 131 References 137 Chapter 5 Dynamics in Diamagnetic Materials from Solid-State NMR: Methods, Measurements, and Analysis 139 5 1 Variable-Temperature Solid-State NMR Experiments and a Line-Shape Analysis 141 5 1 1 Dynamics in Polymeric Materials from a Line-Shape Analysis 143 5 2 Molecular Mobility from the Solid-State NMR Relaxation 145 5 2 1 Measurements of Relaxation Times and Errors of the Measurements 145 5 2 2 How Molecular Motions Affect Nuclear Relaxation 149 5 2 2 1 Correlation Time Distribution versus Single Correlation Time 151 5 2 3 Relaxation Approaches: Methodology and Examples 153 5 3 One- and Two-Dimensional Exchange Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy 156 5 4 Molecular Mobility from the Cross-Polarization NMR Experiments 158 5 5 Molecular Mobility from Magnetic Relaxation Dispersion Experiments 160 References 163 Chapter 6 Strategies in Solid-State Multinuclear NMR: Studies of Diamagnetic Porous Materials 165 6 1 Porosity of Materials from NMR 165 6 1 1 NMR Cryoporometry 168 6 1 2 NMR Relaxometry 171 6 1 3 NMR Behavior of Gases in Pore Spaces 173 6 2 Structural Features of Silica Lattice and Surface by Solid-State 1H 29Si, 27Al, and 17O NMR Spectra 176 6 2 1 Distribution of Diamagnetic Metal Ions from Solid-State NMR 181 6 3 Molecular Mobility in Diamagnetic Porous Materials 186 References 189 Chapter 7 Paramagnetic Effects in Solid-State NMR 191 7 1 Theoretical Aspects 193 7 1 1 Chemical Shifts and Magnetic Shielding Tensors in the Presence of Unpaired Electrons 193viii Contents 7 2 Nuclear Relaxation in the Presence of Unpaired Electrons 197 7 2 1 Spin Diffusion 198 7 2 2 Nuclear Relaxation via Nucleus–Electron Dipolar and Contact Interactions 199 7 3 Practical Consequences from the Theory of Paramagnetic Effects 200 7 4 1H, 31P, 13C, 2H, 29Si, 7Li, and 6Li NMR Spectra of Paramagnetic Solids 205 7 5 51V and 55Mn NMR Spectra of Paramagnetic Solids 210 7 5 1 Analyzing the Nature of Metal Ions by Their Direct Observation in Solid-State NMR Spectra 212 7 6 Special NMR Techniques for Observations of “Invisible” Target Nuclei 215 7 7 Relaxation Measurements and Relaxation Times in Paramagnetic Solids 217 7 7 1 Solid-State T1 Measurements 224 7 7 2 Spin–Spin Relaxation Times and Anomalies in Solid-State T2 Measurements 225 References 228 Chapter 8 Strategy in NMR Studies of Amorphous Porous Paramagnetic Materials 231 8 1 Intense Sideband Patterns in MAS NMR Spectra of Paramagnetic Amorphous Materials and Their Analysis 231 8 2 Direct Detection of the Nuclei Closest to Paramagnetic Ions in Porous Materials by the Hahn-Echo Mapping NMR Experiments 236 8 3 NMR Relaxation Approaches to Structure of Porous Amorphous Paramagnetic Silica-Based Materials: From Experiments to Models and Interpretations 240 8 3 1 Factors Affecting Relaxation Times in Porous Solids 241 8 3 2 Spin–Lattice Relaxation Times in Porous Silica-Based Materials and Concentrations of Paramagnetic Ions 242 8 3 3 29Si Spin–Lattice and Spin–Spin Relaxation in Static and Spinning Porous Amorphous Paramagnetic Silica-Based Materials 243 8 3 4 T1 Criteria for Locations of Paramagnetic Ions: Relaxation of Isotropic Resonances 247 8 3 5 T1 Criteria Based on Relaxation of Sideband Patterns in MAS Spectra of Porous Paramagnetic Materials 251 8 3 6 BMS Effects and NMR Relaxation of Sideband Patterns in MAS Spectra of Porous Paramagnetic Materials 254Contents ix 8 4 Protocol for Quantifcation of “Invisible Nuclei” in MAS NMR 255 8 5 Concluding Remarks 256 References
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