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 |  موضوع: كتاب Advanced Sensor and Detection Materials الإثنين 14 يناير 2019, 11:29 am | |
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أخوانى فى الله
أحضرت لكم كتاب
Advanced Sensor and Detection Materials
من سلسلة علم المواد المتقدمة
Advanced Material Series
Ashutosh Tiwari and Mustafa M. Demir
ويتناول الموضوعات الأتية :
Contents
Preface xv
Part 1: Principals and Prospective 1
1 Advances in Sensors’ Nanotechnology 3
Ida Tiwari and Manorama Singh
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 What is Nanotechnology? 4
1.3 Signifcance of Nanotechnology 5
1.4 Synthesis of Nanostructure 5
1.5 Advancements in Sensors’ Research Based on
Nanotechnology 5
1.6 Use of Nanoparticles 7
1.7 Use of Nanowires and Nanotubes 8
1.8 Use of Porous Silicon 11
1.9 Use of Self-Assembled Nanostructures 12
1.10 Receptor-Ligand Nanoarrays 12
1.11 Characterization of Nanostructures and Nanomaterials 13
1.12 Commercialization E?orts 14
1.13 Future Perspectives 14
References 15
2 Construction of Nanostructures: A Basic Concept Synthesis
and T eir Applications 19
Rizwan Wahab, Farheen Khan, Nagendra K. Kaushik,
Javed Musarrat and Abdulaziz A.Al-Khedhairy
2.1 Introduction 20
2.1.1 Importance of Nanomaterials 20
2.1.2 Synthetic Methods 21
2.2 Formation of Zinc Oxide Quantum Dots
(ZnO-QDs) and Teir Applications 24vi Contents
2.3 Needle-Shaped Zinc Oxide Nanostructures and Teir
Growth Mechanism 30
2.4 Flower-Shaped Zinc Oxide Nanostructures and Teir
Growth Mechanism 37
2.5 Construction of Mixed Shaped Zinc Oxide Nanostructures
and T eir Growth Mechanicsm 47
2.6 Summary and Future Directions 56
References 57
3 Te Role of the Shape in the Design of New Nanoparticles 61
G. Mayeli Estrada-Villegas and Emilio Bucio
3.1 Introduction 62
3.1.1 Te Importance of Shape and Size in the Design
of New Nanoparticles 62
3.2 Te Importance of Shape as Nanocarries 63
3.2.1 Targeting and Shape 65
3.3 In?uence of Shape on Biological Process 65
3.3.1 Biodistribution 65
3.3.2 Phagocytosis 66
3.3.3 Citotoxicity 67
3.4 Di?erent Shapes of Polymeric Nanoparticles 67
3.4.1 Synthesis 67
3.4.2 Classifcation by Synthesis Method 67
3.4.3 Classifcation by Initial Shape 69
3.5 Di?erent Shapes of Non-Polymeric Nanoparticles 71
3.5.1 Gold Nanorods 71
3.5.2 Carbon Nanotubes 72
3.5.3 Fullerenes 73
3.6 Di?erent Shapes of Polymeric Nanoparticles: Examples 74
3.6.1 Hexagonal Form 74
3.6.2 Toroidal 75
3.6.3 Conical 75
3.6.4 Ellipsoids 75
3.6.5 Disks 76
3.7 Another Type of Nanoparticles 76
3.7.1 Electrospun 76
3.7.2 Vesicles 78
Acknowledgments 80
References 80Contents vii
4 Molecularly Imprinted Polymer as Advanced Material for
Development of Enantioselective Sensing Devices 87
Mahavir Prasad Tiwari and Bhim Bali Prasad
4.1 Introduction 88
4.2 Molecularly Imprinted Chiral Polymers 90
4.3 MIP-Based Chiral Sensing Devices 91
4.3.1 Electrochemical Chiral Sensor 92
4.3.2 Optical Chiral Sensors 100
4.3.3 Piezoelectric Chiral Sensing Devices 102
4.4 Conclusion 105
References 105
5 Role of Microwave Sintering in the Preparation of Ferrites
for High Frequency Applications 111
S. Bharadwaj and S.R. Murthy
5.1 Microwaves in General 112
5.2 Microwave-Material Interactions 114
5.3 Microwave Sintering 115
5.4 Microwave Equipment 118
5.5 Kitchen Microwave Oven Basic Principle 122
5.6 Microwave Sintering of Ferrites 126
5.7 Microwave Sintering of Garnets 137
5.8 Microwave Sintering of Nanocomposites 138
References 140
Part 2: New Materials and Methods 147
6 Mesoporous Silica: Making “Sense” of Sensors 149
Surender Duhan and Vijay K. Tomer 149
6.1 Introduction to Sensors 150
6.2 Fundamentals of Humidity Sensors 153
6.3 Types of Humidity Sensors 154
6.4 Humidity Sensing Materials 156
6.5 Issues with Traditional Materials in Sensing Technology 158
6.6 Introduction to Mesoporous Silica 159
6.7 M41S Materials 160
6.7.1 MCM-41 161
6.7.2 MCM-48 162
6.8 SBA Materials 162
6.8.1 SBA-15 162
6.8.2 SBA-16 164viii Contents
6.9 Structure of SBA-15 164
6.10 Structure Directing Agents of SBA-15 165
6.11 Factors A?ecting Structural Properties and Morphology
of SBA-15 169
6.12 Modifcation of Mesoporous Silica 174
6.13 Characterization Techniques for Mesoporous Materials 177
6.14 Humidity Sensing of SBA-15 184
6.15 Extended Family of Mesoporous Silica 185
6.16 Other Applications of SBA-15 188
6.17 Conclusion 190
References 191
7 Towards Improving the Functionalities of Porous TiO2-Au/Ag
Based Materials 193
Monica Baia, Virginia Danciu, Zsolt Pap and Lucian Baia
7.1 Porous Nanostructures Based on Tio
2 and Au/Ag
Nanoparticles for Environmental Applications 194
7.2 Morphological Particularities of the TiO2-based Aerogels 199
7.3 Designing the TiO2 Porous Nano-architectures for
Multiple Applications 201
7.4 Evaluating the Photocatalytic Performances of the
TiO
2-Au/Ag Porous Nanocomposites for Destroying
Water Chemical Pollutants 208
7.5 Testing the E?ectiveness of the TiO2-Au/Ag Porous
Nanocomposites for Sensing Water Chemical
Pollutants by SERS 210
7.6 In-depth Investigations of the Most Efcient
Multifunctional TiO
2-Au/Ag Porous Nanocomposites 216
7.7 Conclusions 221
Acknowledgments 223
References 223
8 Ferroelectric Glass-Ceramics 229
Viswanathan Kumar
8.1 Introduction 230
8.2 (Ba1-xSrx)TiO3 [BST] Glass-Ceramics 232
8.3 Glass-Ceramic System (1-y) BST: y (B2O3: x SiO2) 234
8.3.1 Preparation 234
8.3.2 Characterization of Glass-Ceramics 235Contents ix
8.4 Glass-Ceramic System (1-y) BST: y (BaO: Al2O3: 2SiO2) 245
8.4.1 Preparation 245
8.5 Comparision of the Two BST Glass-Ceramic Systems 254
8.6 Pb(Zr
x
Ti
1-x)TiO3[PZT] Glass-Ceramics 256
8.6.1 Introduction 256
8.6.2 Glass-Ceramic (1-y) PSZTM: y(xPbO.yB2O3.zSiO2) 256
8.6.3 Dielectric and Piezoelectric Characteristics
of Glass-Ceramics 261
8.6.4 Comparision of the PZT-Based Glass-Ceramics 262
References 263
9 NASICON: Synthesis, Structure and Electrical Characterization 265
Umaru Ahmadu
9.1 Introduction 265
9.2 Teretical Survey of Superionic Conduction 268
9.3 NASICON Synthesis 271
9.3.1 Sol-Gel Method 271
9.3.2 Hydrothermal Method 272
9.3.3 Ion Exchange 272
9.3.4 Microwave Synthesis 272
9.3.5 Spark Plasma Sintering 273
9.3.6 Solid State Synthesis 273
9.4 NASICON Structure and Properties 273
9.5 Characterization Techniques 278
9.5.1 Electrical Conductivity 280
9.5.2 Impedance Teory and Modeling 283
9.5.3 Dielectric Relaxation 288
9.5.4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 289
9.6 Experimental Results 291
9.7 Problems, Applications, and Prospects 299
9.8 Conclusion 300
Acknowledgments 300
References 300
10 Ionic Liquids 309
Arnab De, Manika Dewan and Subho Mozumdar
10.1 Ionic Liquids: What Are Tey? 309
10.2 Historical Background 310
10.3 Classifcation of Ionic Liquids 311
10.3.1 Neutral Anions and Cations 313
10.3.2 Acidic Cations and Anions 313x Contents
10.3.3 Basic Cations and Anions 313
10.3.4 Amphoteric Anions 313
10.4 Properties of Ionic Liquids, Physical and Chemical 314
10.4.1 Melting Point and Liquidus Range; Tm 314
10.4.2 Glass Transition Temperature T
g
315
10.4.3 Decomposition Temperature Td 316
10.4.4 Viscosity 316
10.4.5 Density 317
10.4.6 Surface Tension 318
10.4.7 Purity; Anionic Impurity 318
10.4.8 Solvent Properties of ILs 319
10.5 Synthesis Methods of Ionic Liquids 323
10.5.1 Anion 323
10.5.2 Cations 324
10.5.3 Synthesis 324
10.6 Characterization of Ionic Liquids 329
10.7 Major Applications of ILs 330
10.8 ILs in Organic Transformations 331
10.8.1 ILs as Solvents 332
10.8.2 ILs as Catalyst 334
10.9 ILs for Synthesis and Stabilization of Metal Nanoparticles 339
10.9.1 Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles (M-NPs) in ILs 340
10.9.2 Stabilization of M-NPs Using ILs: DLVO
Teory and Other E?ects 343
10.10 Challenges with Ionic Liquids 344
10.10.1 Cost/Economic Perspective 344
10.10.2 Green Aspects of ILs; Recyclability and Disposal 345
References 346
11 Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers 369
Jyotishmoy Borah and Niranjan Karak
11.1 Introduction 369
11.2 Synthesis of Dendritic Polymers 372
11.2.1 Synthesis of Dendrimers 372
11.2.2 Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polymers 375
11.2.3 Monomers 375
11.2.4 General Techniques 383
11.2.5 Modifcation of Dendrimers and
Hyperbranched Polymers 384Contents xi
11.3 Characterization 385
11.3.1 Structural Elucidation 386
11.4 Properties 391
11.4.1 Physical Properties 391
11.4.2 Rheological and Mechanical Properties 393
11.4.3 Chemical Properties 395
11.4.4 Termal Properties 395
11.4.5 Flame Retardant Behavior 398
11.5 Applications 398
11.6 Conclusion 403
References 404
Part 3: Advanced Structures and Properties 413
12 Teoretical Investigation of Superconducting State
Parameters of Bulk Metallic Glasses 415
Aditya M. Vora
12.1 Introduction 415
12.2 Computational Methodology 417
12.2.1 Model Potential 417
12.2.2 Superconducting State Parameters (SSPs) 417
12.2.3 Local Field Correction Functions 420
12.3 Results and Discussion 421
12.4 Conclusions 434
References 434
13 Macroscopic Polarization and Termal Conductivity of
Binary Wurtzite Nitrides 439
Bijaya Kumar Sahoo
13.1 Introduction 440
13.2 Te Macroscopic Polarization 441
13.3 E?ective Elastic Constant, C
44 442
13.4 Group Velocity of Phonons 443
13.5 Phonon Scattering Rates 444
13.6 Termal Conductivity of InN 445
13.7 Summary 449
References 450xii Contents
14 Experimental and Teoretical Background to Study Materials 453
Arnab De, Manika Dewan and Subho Mozumdar
14.1 Quasi-Elastic Light Scattering (Photon
Correlation Spectroscopy)1 453
14.1.1 Instrument and Method Adopted for
the Analysis of the Samples in the Present Work 455
14.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 456
14.2.1 Instrument and Method Adopted for the
Analysis of the Samples in the Present Work 456
14.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy [2] 457
14.3.1 Instrument and Method Adopted for the
Analysis of the Samples in the Present Work 458
14.4 X-ray Di?raction (XRD) 459
14.4.1 Instrument and Method Adopted for the Analysis
of the Samples in the Present Work 461
14.5 UV-visible Spectroscopy 461
14.5.1 Instrument and Method Adopted for the
Analysis of the Samples in the Present Work 462
14.6 FT-IR Spectroscopy 462
14.6.1 Instrument and Method Adopted for the
Analysis of the Samples in the Present Work 462
14.7 NMR Spectroscopy 463
14.7.1 Instrument and Method Adopted for the
Analysis of the Samples in the Present Work 463
14.8 Mass Spectrometry 464
14.8.1 Instrument and Method Adopted for the
Analysis of the Samples in the Present Work 464
14.9 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer 465
14.9.1 Instrument and Method Adopted for the
Analysis of the Samples in the Present Work 466
References 466
15 Graphene and Its Nanocomposites for Gas Sensing
Applications 467
Parveen Saini, Tapas Kuila, Sanjit Saha and Naresh
Chandra Murmu
15.1 Introduction 468
15.2 Principles of Chemical Sensing by Conducting
Nanocomposite Materials 470
15.3 Synthesis of Graphene and Its Nanocomposites 472Contents xiii
15.4 Characterization of Graphene and Its
Nanocomposites 473
15.5 Chemical Sensing of Graphene and Its Nanocomposites 477
15.5.1 Pristine Graphene-Based Sensor 478
15.5.2 Surface-Modifed Graphene Sensor 482
15.5.3 Graphene/Ionic Liquid Sensor 484
15.5.4 Graphene/Conducting Polymer
Nanocomposite Sensor 485
15.5.5 Graphene/Nanometal Composite Sensor 487
15.5.6 Graphene/Metal Oxide Composite Sensor 488
15.6 Conclusion and Future Aspects 493
Acknowledgements 494
References 494
Index
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