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 |  موضوع: كتاب Optimizing Processes with RFID and Auto ID الخميس 16 يوليو 2020, 10:53 pm | |
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أحضرت لكم كتاب
Optimizing Processes with RFID and Auto ID
Fundamentals, Problems and Solutions, Example Applications
Editors:
Norbert Bartneck, Volker Klaas, Holger Schoenherr
Executive Editor:
Markus Weinlaender
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents
1 Introduction 14
1.1 Historical Development 16
1.2 Proven in several applications . 18
1.3 Innovation as a driver 21
Part 1: Technical Fundamentals
2 RFID technology . 24
2.1 What is an RFID system? 24
2.2 The components of an RFID system . 25
2.2.1 Reading device . 25
2.2.2 Antennas 28
2.2.3 Transponders 29
2.3 Classification of RFID systems . 30
2.3.1 Passive systems 30
2.3.2 Semi-active systems . 34
2.3.3 Active systems . 35
2.4 Frequency bands and their properties 35
3 Optical codes 38
3.1 Success and limits of barcodes 38
3.2 Standards regarding the 2D code 39
3.2.1 Technology standards . 39
3.2.2 Application standards . 40
3.3 Data Matrix Code features 41
3.3.1 Data Matrix Code structure . 41
3.3.2 Codable data with Data Matrix ECC200 . 42
3.3.3 Error correction and security aspects 43
3.4 Application and marking methods . 44
3.4.1 Application of labels 44
3.4.2 Direct marking processes 45
3.4.3 Verification of the Code Quality . 47
3.5 Reading systems and their properties 48
3.5.1 Components of a data matrix reading system . 48
3.5.2 Stationary reading systems 48
3.5.3 Mobile reading systems . 50 Contents
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3.5.4 Physical and technical data integration 50
3.6 Achieve good read results 52
3.6.1 Optimization of the optical conditions . 53
3.6.2 Minimization of the material ambient conditions’ influence 54
3.6.3 Meeting the technological requirements . 55
3.7 Outlook and new developments . 55
4 System architecture . 57
4.1 Overview 57
4.1.1 Software in RFID and Auto ID systems . 57
4.1.2 System characteristics 58
4.1.3 Processes, applications, and marginal conditions . 58
4.2 System levels . 60
4.2.1 Components . 60
4.2.2 Topologies 61
4.2.3 Application levels 62
4.2.4 Edgeware . 63
4.3 Integration . 64
4.3.1 System interfaces 64
4.3.2 Communication layers 64
4.3.3 Technologies 65
4.4 Data flow and data management . 66
4.4.1 RFID and Auto ID data . 66
4.4.2 Object identification 67
4.4.3 Distributed mobile databases 67
4.4.4 Hybrid approaches . 68
4.5 System management 68
4.5.1 Device management 68
4.5.2 Edge server management 69
4.5.3 Security . 69
4.5.4 Availability 70
4.5.5 Extendibility and adaptability 70
4.5.6 Invoicing functions . 71
4.6 The EPCglobal Network 71
4.6.1 Overview 71
4.6.2 EPCIS and ALE . 72
4.7 Summary 72
5 System selection criteria . 74
5.1 Automatic identification with Data Matrix Code 75
5.2 “Open Loop” applications with RFID 77
5.3 “Closed Loop” applications in RFID . 78
5.4 Conclusion: both technologies complement each other . 80 Contents
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6 Standardization . 82
6.1 Why is standardization important? . 82
6.2 Standardization basics for RFID 83
6.3 The central RFID standard ISO 18000 . 85
6.4 Further useful standards and guidelines 86
6.5 Standardization of visual codes 88
6.6 Standardization through EPCglobal and GS1 89
6.7 Conclusion and forecast 90
Part 2: The Practical Application of RFID and Auto ID
7 Process design and profitability . 94
7.1 The fear of bad investment 94
7.2 It all starts with visions and objectives 95
7.3 How does the company work? . 96
7.4 The business case for RFID 98
7.4.1 The concept of the calculation of profitability . 98
7.4.2 Procedure for RFID projects 99
7.5 The RFID business case in practice 101
7.6 Technology can inspire – but it must “fit” 103
8 Introduction to the practical application of RFID 104
8.1 Feasibility test / Field test 105
8.1.1 Objectives of a feasibility test/field test 105
8.1.2 Performing the tests . 106
8.1.3 Results of the feasibility/field test 107
8.2 Solution design and pilot operation . 108
8.2.1 Objectives of pilot operation 109
8.2.2 Results of pilot operation . 110
8.3 Roll-out . 110
Part 3: Current Applications – from the Factory
to the Hospital
9 Manufacturing control 114
9.1 The dilemma of modern competition 114
9.2 The production of individualized serial products 117
9.3 Autonomous production systems with Auto ID 118
9.4 Decentralizing production data with RFID 121
9.5 Technical requirements . 122
9.6 Is RFID worthwhile in Production? 123 Contents
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10 Production logistics . 126
10.1 Logistics and corporate success . 126
10.2 Processes in production logistics 127
10.3 RFID in production logistics 128
10.4 Application examples 130
10.4.1 Automatic order consolidation increases efficiency 130
10.4.2 RFID optimizes picking for assembly provision . 131
10.4.3 Transparent processes in reusable transport trusses . 131
10.4.4 Replenishment is ensured . 132
10.4.5 The matching seat for the right car . 132
10.5 Summary and forecast . 133
11 Container and Asset Management 135
11.1 Requirements for Container Management 135
11.1.1 Motivation 136
11.1.2 Objectives . 137
11.1.3 Standardizing . 137
11.1.4 Technical Specifications . 139
11.1.5 Data structures 139
11.1.6 Additional peripheral processes 141
11.2 Economic viability . 141
11.3 Container and Asset Management in Practice 142
11.4 Business models 145
11.4.1 Rental 145
11.4.2 Sale and repurchase model 146
11.5 Perspective . 146
12 Tracking and Tracing 148
12.1 Application areas . 149
12.1.1 Discrete manufacturing . 149
12.1.2 Process industry . 151
12.1.3 Tracking and Tracing in logistics . 152
12.2 Drivers for Tracking and Tracing 153
12.2.1 Corporate advantages . 153
12.2.2 Legal regulations and standards 153
12.2.3 Consumer protection . 153
12.2.4 Transparency for end users 154
12.3 Advantages of Tracking and Tracing . 154
12.3.1 Reactive Quality management 155
12.3.2 Proactive Quality Assurance . 155
12.4 Tracking and Tracing in practice . 155
12.5 Perspective . 157 Contents
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13 Optimization of Supply Networks . 158
13.1 Increasing variety . 158
13.2 Change of the demands on business processes . 159
13.3 New business processes require new technologies 161
13.4 Advantages of RFID employment across the board 162
13.5 Further development options . 164
14 Vehicle logistics . 167
14.1 Special requirements 167
14.2 Technical basis 168
14.3 Application scenarios 169
14.3.1 Utilization at automobile groups 170
14.3.2 Fleet management for public local transport 172
14.3.3 Dock and yard management 174
15 RFID at the airport . 177
15.1 Processes in airport logistics 177
15.2 Areas of use for RFID in airport logistics 180
15.2.1 Process optimization on the airside and landside 180
15.2.2 RFID on container transport container transport systems . 181
15.2.3 RFID BagTag . 182
15.2.4 RFID-supported servicing 183
15.2.5 Improvement in the catering area . 184
15.2.6 RFID in Cargo Logistics 185
15.2.7 Advantages due to RFID . 186
15.3 Perspectives 186
16 Postal automation . 188
16.1 Auto ID in postal logistics . 189
16.2 RFID – the innovative Auto ID technology . 191
16.2.1 RFID-based application systems . 193
16.3 Outlook 196
16.3.1 Printable transponders with polymer technology 196
16.3.2 RFID transponders with visual, readable information 196
16.3.3 “Internet of things” . 196
16.3.4 RFID in future postal logistics 197
17 RFID in hospitals . 198
17.1 Potential of RFID in the health sector . 198
17.2 Reference projects . 199
17.2.1 Jacobi Medical Center and Klinikum Saarbruecken . 199
17.2.2 MedicAlert 200
17.2.3 “Klinikum rechts der Isar” . 201 Contents
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17.3 The economical value of RFID . 204
17.4 RFID in the future . 204
17.5 Conclusion . 207
Part 4: How to proceed?
18 RFID – printed on a roll 210
18.1 Protection of trade marks with printed electronics and RFID . 211
18.1.1 Trade mark protection for flawless mixtures 211
18.1.2 Dine without disgust 212
18.1.3 Identifiability creates clarity in the supply chain 212
18.2 Technological basics . 213
18.3 Possible solutions using printed RFID 215
19 RFID and sensors 217
19.1 Motivation . 217
19.2 Technical basis . 218
19.2.1 Schematic structure of RFID sensors 218
19.2.2 Decentralized sensor data storage 219
19.2.3 Systems available 219
19.2.4 Central sensor data storage 222
19.3 Initial applications 223
19.3.1 Temperature monitoring for blood preserves . 223
19.3.2 Quality assurance for worldwide container transports . 224
19.4 Possible future applications 224
19.4.1 Temperature . 224
19.4.2 Temperature and relative air humidity 225
19.4.3 Acceleration . 225
20 RFID security 227
20.1 Data protection . 227
20.1.1 Personal profiles . 228
20.1.2 External attacks 228
20.2 Information security 230
20.2.1 Protection of saved data . 230
20.2.2 Protection of data transmission . 230
20.3 Classic protection measures 231
20.3.1 Symmetrical encryption . 231
20.3.2 Problems in the use of symmetrical encryption . 232
20.4 Protection against complex threats 233
20.4.1 Creation of RFID clones . 233
20.4.2 Protection measures by means of certificate-based
solutions 234 Contents
20.4.3 Asymmetric cryptography and PKI 235
20.4.4 RFID and PKI . 235
20.5 Security in RFID standardization . 236
21 Epilogue: En route to the “internet of things” 238
Bibliography 245
Editor and authors . 247
Index . 252
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