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عدد المساهمات : 18996 التقييم : 35494 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
| موضوع: كتاب Gravity and Gravitation الجمعة 21 أغسطس 2020, 2:37 am | |
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أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Gravity and Gravitation Derivations Equations and Applications Ron Kurtus Sfc Publishing Co. Lake Oswego, Oregon
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents Introduction 19 Part 1: Gravity 25 1.1 Overview of the Force of Gravity 28 1.2 Vectors in Gravity Equations 33 1.3 Convention for Direction in Gravity Equations 39 1.4 Gravity Constant Factors 45 1.5 Equivalence Principle of Gravity 51 1.6 Mass, Weight and Gravity 55 1.7 Horizontal Motion Unaffected by Gravity 63 Part 2: Derivations 0/ Gravity Equations 69 2.1 Overview of Gravity Equation Derivations 71 2.2 Derivation of Velocity-time Equations 76 2.3 Derivation of Displacement-time Equations 81 2.4 Derivation of Displacement-velocity Equations 86 Part 3: Equations/or Falling Objects 91 3.1 Overview of Equations for Falling Objects 93 3.2 Velocity Equations for Falling Objects 96 3.3 Displacement Equations for Falling Objects 101 3.4 Time Equations for Falling Objects 105 Gravity and Gravitation 6 Copynghted Mater Alcontents Part 4: Equations for Objects Projected Downward 110 4.1 Overview of Equations for Objects Projected Downward 112 4.2 Velocity Equations for Objects Projected Downward 115 4.3 Displacement Equations for Objects Projected Downward 120 4.4 Time Equations for Objects Projected Downward 125 Part 5: Equations for Objects Projected Upward 130 5.1 Overview of Equations for Objects Projected Upward 132 5.2 Velocity Equations for Objects Projected Upward 136 5.3 Displacement Equations for Objects Projected Upward 144 5.4 Time Equations for Objects Projected Upward 154 Part 6: Gravity Applications 164 6.1 Potential Energy of Gravity 166 6.2 Work by Gravity Against Inertia 174 6.3 Work Against Gravity and Inertia by an External Force 183 6.4 Effect of Gravity on Sideways Motion 193 6.5 Effect of Gravity on an Artillery Projectile 199 6.6 Gravity and Newton's Cannon 210 6.7 Escape Velocity From Gravity 218 6.8 Artificial Gravity 226 6.9 Center of Gravity 234 Part 7: Gravitation 242 7.1 Overview of Gravitation 244 Part 8: Theories of Gravitation 249 8.1 Overview of Theories of Gravitation 251 8.2 Law of Universal Gravitation 257 8.3 Universal Gravitation Equation 263 8.4 General Relativity Theory of Gravitation 269 Gravity and Gravitation 7 Copynghted Mater Alcontents 8.5 Quantum Theory of Gravitation 275 8.6 Effect of Dark Matter and Dark Energy on Gravitation 280 8.7 Gravitation as a Fundamental Force 287 Part 9: Gravitation Principles 292 9.1 Equivalence Principles of Gravitation 294 9.2 Similarity Between Gravitation and Electrostatic Forces 302 9.3 Gravitational Speed 306 9.4 Gravitational Potential Energy 311 Part 10: Gravitation Applications 318 10.1 Gravitational Force Between Two Objects 320 10.2 Cavendish Experiment 325 10.3 Influence of Gravitation in the Universe 332 10.4 Gravitation Causes Tides on Earth 337 Part 11: Center of Mass 343 11.1 Overview of Gravitation and Center of Mass 345 11.2 Center of Mass Definitions 350 11.3 Center of Mass Location and Motion 357 11.4 Relative Motion and Center of Mass 363 11.5 Center of Mass Components 367 11.6 Center of Mass and Radial Gravitational Motion 373 11. 7 Center of Mass and Tangential Gravitational Motion 380 Part 12: Orbital Motion 387 12.1 Derivation of Circular Orbits Arou Nd Center of Mass 389 12.2 Orbital Motion Relative to Other Object 398 12.3 Direction Convention for Gravitational Motion 404 12.4 Circular Planetary Orbits 410 12.5 Length of Year for Planets in Gravitational Orbit 419 12.6 Effect of Velocity on Orbital Motion 428 Part 13: Escape Velocity 435 13.1 Overview of Gravitational Escape Velocity 437 8 Gravity and Gravitation Copynghted Mater Alcontents 13.2 Gravitational Escape Velocity Derivation 446 13.3 Gravitational Escape Velocity With Saturn V Rocket 453 13.4 Effect of Sun on Escape Velocity From Earth 460 13.6 Gravitational Escape Velocity for a Black Hole 465 Resources 473 Index 483 About the Author 490 Schoolfor Champions 49 Index Symbols 200 I : a Pace Odysse 228 A Acceleration Due to Gravity 29. 248 Albert Einstein 22l. 255, 21ll Algebra 21 Apollo Moon Mission 453 Applications Gravitation .ll.2 Cavendish Experiment 326_ Electrostatic Forces Lq1 Equivalence Principles 2.2.i Force, Two Objects J2.l Potential Energy 312 Peed .3q1 Gravi Ty J..g.5. Artificial Gravity 221 Artillery Projectile 100 Center of Gravity 235 Escape Velocity 2.l2. Newton's Cannon Ill Potential Energy L.61 Ideways Motion .l24 Work Against Gravity 1m Work Against Inertia Ll.i Artificial Gravit 221 Artillery Projectile 2_q_q Author 490 B Balance Scale 56 Big Bang J3..3. Black Hole ~a.6..5. C Calculus Zi.zi.zs, L_8_.._8_l 267 Cannonball, Newton's 2ll Cartesian Coordinate System ~ 12 Cavendish Experiment .l26. Cavendish, L Ienry 264, 3..2.6. Center of Gravity 235 Center of Mass ..3..4.4...3all Acceleration 3.6..l Components Asa Derivation J..2q Gravitational Motion 351,.15..8 Location Ill Radial Motion 374 Radial Vector .lid Relative Motion 3m Tangential Motion .18l Tangential Vector 371 Velocity 360 Centrifugal Force 128..,..121 Ora Vity and Ora Uitatiori 483 Copy Adindex Circular Orbit 429 Cannonball 2la Planetary .4j..f4 Aj..2 Components, Vectors 34, 348,3..6.8. Conventions 21 Exponents 21 Multiplication Sign 21 Units 22 Vectors .12. Coordinate System Gravitation .4.q5. Gravity 404 Gravity Equations 14_ Coulomb's Law 3.0.4 D Dark Energy 281,28.4 Dark Matter 273, 281 Definitions Center of Gravity 235 Center of Mass 351 Deflection of Light Rays 261 Densi Ty of Earth .12.6 Derivations 69 Gravitation Escape Velocity 446 Gravitational Constant 328 Length of Year .4l2 Orbiting Center of Mass 3.2..q Potential Energy at Infinity Ill Gravity Artillery Displacement 203 Displacement-time .8..l Displacement -velocity 86 Gravity Constant 45 Velocity-time 1fl Derivative Ll~.82. Direction Convention Gravitational Motion 404 Gravi Ty Equations J..2 Displacement ..3.l Derivations Displacement- Time .81 Displacement- Velocity 86 Equations 93, 1] 3, 134 Falling Objects 101 Projected Downward 121 Projected Upward L.4..5. Vector Definition .4.0. Distance Displacement .3q. Total L.5d. Doppler Effect 2..8..1 Double Stars J..24. E Earth Escape Velocity 222 Ma Ss .4.6_q_ Orbit Around Sun 413 Earth Bulge 3'34 Einstein, Albert 227, 246, 270 Einstein Equivalence Principle 300 Einstein Field Equations 305 Electromagnetic Force 289 Electrostatic Forces 303 Elliptical Orbit Large 431 Elliptical Orbits 2u Elliptical Path Small 429 Energy Dark 281 Falling Objects Ill Objects Projected Downward L62 Objects Projected Upward Ill Equations Falling Objects 91,.21 Displacement 101 Time Lilii Velocity 96 Projected Downward 111, 113 Displacement 121 Time 126 484 Gravity and Gravitation Copynghted Mater Aindex Velocity 116 Projected Upward 131, 133 Displacement Ja5. Timc 155 Velocity 137 Equivalence Principle Experimental Verification .5.l Gravity .5.1 Strong 300 Types of Mass 22.8 Weak 22i Escape Velocity Black Hole _465_ Derivation 446 Effect of Sun on Earth 460 Equation 437,450 Escape From Moon 442 Escape From Sun 4.43. Examples 441 Gravitational 435, 437 Gravity 2l2_ Potential Energy 3l6_ Saturn V Rocket 453 Exponents, Convention 21 General Theory of Relativity 227, 253,~2.1!l Geometric Visualization .3.5. Gravitation 20, 243 Applications 3.l..9. Coordina Tc Sy Stem A05. Direction Convention 404 Effect of Dark Matter 281 Electrostatic Forces .3..q1 Equivalence Principles .22.5 Escape Velocity 437 Force 260 Fundamental Force 288 Overview 245 Principles 293 Properties 245 Quantum Theory 276 Speed 261 Theories 246, 250 Tides on Earth _3_3_8_ Universe 333 Gravitational Force 290,321 Mass 55,222 Potential Energy 312 Speed 271, 3d1 Gravitomagnetism 305 Graviton 278, Jill Gravity L2...15 Acceleration Constant .il Applications L6..5. Artificial Gravity 221. Artillery Projectile 100 Center of Gravity 235 Coordinate System 404 Equivalence Principle .5.l Escape Velocity .2l2. Force Equation 28, 248 Gravity Constant 45 Horizontal Motion 63 Inertia and Gravity L.8_4_ Mass and Weight 55 F F Ailing Objects Displacement 101 Equations 91,21 Time Lq6 Velocity 96 Force of Attraction Boy and Girl .322 Earth and Moon .3..2l Girl and Moon 323 Free Fall Principle .5.l Fundamental Forces 277, 288 G Galaxies, Formation 111 Galileo 53, 258 Gravity and Gravitation 485 Copynghted Mater Aindex Moon 3d. Newton's Cannon 2ll Potential Energy L61 Sideways Motion L5l4_ Variation With Altitude 48 Vectors 3.1 Work and Gravity 175, L.8.4. H Henry Cavendish 264,.126 High Tide 339 Iiofava Gravitation 214 Hooke, Robert 258 Iiorizontal Displacement Al Horizontal Motion 63, L5l4_ Howitzer 200 Hyperbolic Path ~ 432 I Inertia L.15. Inertial Mass 57, 298 Infinite Speed .10_8 Integral Sign 78. 83 Integrate 11 International Space Station 227 Isaac Newton 211, 258, 264, 32_6_ J Jupiter Orbits Sun 415 K Kepler's Laws 258,.3.d..8. Kinetic Energy 168, 315, 448 Knowledge Needed .21 Kurtus, Ron 490 L Law of Universal Gravitation 28, 252, 258, Mj.q1 Law Opposed to Theory 252 Laws of Motion 258 Leaning Tower of Pisa .51 Length of Year .4l..2 Lc Verier, Urbain .10_8 Light, Deflection 212. Location, Center of Mass J.5..8. Loop Quantum Gravity Theory 21& Luminosity .2.&2. M Magnitude, Vectors .3a Mass Earth A6o. Gravitational 55 Inertial 57 Measuring 56 Sun 461 Unit 55 Weight 55 Mass, Center of 344 Matter, Dark 281 Maximum Displacement Artillery 203 Time 148, 156, 158 Velocity 140, L46_ Maxwell's Field Equations 305 Measuring Gravitational Constant 327 Mass 56 Doppler Effect .2e2. Luminosity .2.&2. Weight ~ Mercury, Orbit ~ 3d.& Moon, Escape Velocity 221 Moon Orbits Earth 336, Ill Mortar Artillery 207 Motion Projected at Angle 66 Multiplication, Convention 21 486 Gravity and Gravitation Copynghted Mater Aindex N Nasa Space Program 453 Newton, Isaac 252, 258, 264, J.26 Newton's Cannon 211,430 Nuclear Forces 288 O Orbital Motion .188. Cannonball 2l3. Circular Planetary .4lo. Conditions 335 Length of Year ..4..l2 Mercury 212 Period .42l Relative to Other Object _3_2.8_ Velocity 419,428 Oscillation Period 330 Overviews Center of Mass 346 Escape Velocity 437 Falling Objects 21 Force of Gravity 28 Gravitation 245 Gravity Equation Derivations N Objects Projected Downward 113 Objects Projected Upward 133 Theories of Gravitation 252 P Parabolic Path 429,431 Planets, [ormation 333 Potential Energy 447 Gravitational 312 Gravity 162 Principia Mathematica 258 Principles, Gravitation .2.21 Proj Ected Downward Displacement 121 Equations Ill, 113 Time 126 Velocity 116 Projected Upward Displacement L4.5. Equations 131,133 Time 155 Velocity 137 Projectile Path 202 Properties of Gravitation 245 Purposes of Book 2.1 Pythagorean Theorem ~.6.5. Q Quadratic Equation 83 Quantum Theories 254 Gravitation 276,.3q1 Mechanics 276 R Radial Motion Component 348,.3.1q Effect of Tangential 378 Expansion of Universe Xn_ Gravitational 374 Radius of Black Hole 467 Red-shift 273 Relative Motion 3m Relativity Deflection of Light 212 General Theory 21s1 Special Theory 21fl Resources Books Ill Websites 475 Ron Kurtus 490 S Saturn V Rocket 453 Scalars Gravitation .4..0.6. Gravity 3fi School [or Champions 490,492 Gravity and Gravitation 487 Copynghted Mater Aindex Schwarzschild Radius A65. Scientific Method 21 Notation 22 Shooting Bullet L.9]_ Sideways Motion L.2.4 Significant Figures 22 Space Station Ill.. Spacetime 271 Special Theory of Relativity Jd.2 Speed of Gravitation 271, J..q1 Speed Versus Velocity J.6 Stars, Formation Ill String Theory 278, 288, _lo_2 Strong Equivalence Principle 300 Strong Force 288 Summary of Book 471 Sun Escape Velocity 223 Mass 461, A6_8 T Tangential Motion 3.8l Component 348, 371 Effect of Radial Velocity 385 Orbi Ts _l2_8_ Theories General Relativity 253, ~j..q1 Gravitation 246, 250 Quantum Theory 276 Special Relativity 2jjj. Standard Model 288 String 288 Tidal Configuration 340 Thought Experiment Ill Tides on Earth From Moon J.3.& From Moon and Sun 341 Time Deri Vations Displacement- Time Si Velocity-time ]_6_ Time Equations 94, 114, 135 Falling Objects Lq6_ Maximum Displacement 138, 156 Objects Projected Downward 126 Objects Projected Upward 155 Torsion Balance 3.26. Coefficient 329 Total Distance L.5.q Total Work 190 Translunar Injection 454 U Unit of Mass 55 Units, Convention 22 Universal Gravitation Constant 264,420,447, _46__q_ Equation 247,252,260,264, 321, 32_6 Law 252,258 Universe 3'33 V Vectors Components 34 Convention for Direction 3.l Displacement .4q Explanation 64 Gravitation .4..0..6. Gravity Direction .12 Horizontal Velocity 63 Velocity 41 Velocity Components .2..illl Derivations Displacement- Velocity 86 Velocity-time 1fl Equations 133 Escape Velocity 435 Black Hole .4_6.5_ Derivation 446 488 Gravity and Gravitation Copynghted Mater Aindex Effect of Sun .46q Gravitational 437 Saturn V Rocket 453 Velocity Equations Ll113 Falling Objects 96 Projected Downward 116 Projected Upward 137 Velocity, Center of Mass 360 Vertical Displacement .40. Vectors .11 W Wave-particle Duality 255, 277 Weak Equivalence Principle 51,225. Wcak Force 289 Weight Mass 55 Measuring I2_ On the Moon 61 Weightlessness 22]_ Work Against Gravity 185 Against Inertia 175, 186 As Change in Energy J:ll As Force Times Distance L15_ By Gravity L1i Definition L.8.4 Ending at Zero Velocity 189 Projecting Object Upward Li.l 187 Z Zwiky, Fritz 281 Gravity and Gravitation
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