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 |  موضوع: كتاب Wiring for Canadian Homes and Cottages الخميس 17 ديسمبر 2020, 12:06 am | |
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Wiring for Canadian Homes and Cottages
A guide to the CSA and Canadian Electrical Code
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents
Using This Book Vii
Introduction Ix
Up to Code ix
Terminology x
Bringing the Code home xi
About CSA xii
1 SERVICE INSTALLATIONS I
What are the basic requirements for service installations? I
What are the requirements for overhead supply services? 10
What are the requirements for underground supply
services? 17
What are the location requirements for the consumer's
service equipment and metering equipment? 25
2. PANELS AND SERVICE SIZE 29
What is a panel? 29
What are the general requirements for panels? 33
What are the requirements for the location of a panel? 35
What are the requirements for the overcurrent protection of
panels? 37
What are the requirements for branch circuit positions in the
panel? 38
What is the size of service? 40
How is the size of service calculated for a single
dwelling? 40
IIIIIII
•••
i 111
»WIRING FOR CANADIAN HOMES AND COTTAGES
How is the size of service calculated for a multiple
dwelling? 43
3 BRANCH CIRCUITS 45
What kinds of branch circuits are found in residential
installations? 45
What is a general-purpose circuit? 45
What are the general requirements for general-purpose
circuits? 46
What is a multi-wire (split) circuit? 46
What are the general requirements for a multi-wire (split)
circuit? 47
What are 20 A T-slot receptacles (small appliance branch
circuits)? 48
What are the requirements for 20 A T-slot receptacles? 48
What is a feeder circuit? 49
What are the general requirements for feeder circuits? 49
How are branch circuits sized? 50
4 RECEPTACLES 53
What are the general requirements for receptacles? 53
What are the requirements for receptacles in finished
walls? 54
What are the requirements for receptacles in porches and
balconies? 67
What are the requirements for receptacles in kitchens? 68
What are the requirements for receptacles in hallways and
stairways? 90
What are the requirements for receptacles in utility and
laundry rooms? 91
What are the requirements for receptacles in bathrooms? 95
ivWIRING FOR CANADIAN HOMES AND COTTAGES
What are the requirements for bathrooms that contain
laundry facilities? 99
What are the requirements for outdoor receptacles? 101
What are the requirements for receptacles in unfinished
basements? 103
What are the requirements for receptacles in garages and
carports? 103
What are the requirements for receptacles in unattached
structures or outbuildings? 105
5 LIGHTING 107
What are the general requirements? 107
What are the lighting requirements for entrances? 107
What are the lighting requirements inside dwellings? 109
What are the requirements for lighting in stairways other
than basement stairs? Ill
What are the lighting requirements for basement stairs? 213
What are the lighting requirements for unfinished
basements? 115
What are the requirements for lights in storage rooms? 115
What are the requirements for lights in clothes closets? 115
What are the requirements for lights in garages and
carports? 117
What are the requirements for lighting in unattached
structures or outbuildings? 119
)>IIIIIIK
6 SMOKE ALARMS AND CARBON MONOXIDE
DETECTORS 121
What are the requirements for smoke alarms? 121
What are the requirements for carbon monoxide (CO)
detectors? 125
ftWIRING FOR CANADIAN HOMES AND COTTAGES
7 MAJOR APPLIANCES AND ELECTRICAL
EQUIPMENT 129
What special wiring needs commonly exist in
dwellings? 129
What are the requirements for direct-connected kitchen
equipment? 129
What are the requirements for electric water heaters? 131
What are the requirements for space-heating
equipment? 136
What are the requirements for air conditioners? 143
What are the requirements for heat pumps? 149
What are the requirements for pools, tubs, and spas? 149
What are the requirements for saunas? 160
What are the requirements for entertainment, data, and
communication systems? 163
What are the requirements for central vacuum systems? 164
What are the requirements for motors? 165
RECEPTACLE REQUIREMENTS AT A GLANCE 2 72
LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS AT A GLANCE 2 75
SMOKE ALARM REQUIREMENTS AT A GLANCE 2 77
CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) DETECTOR REQUIREMENTS AT A
GLANCE 278
POOL, TUB, AND SPA REQUIREMENTS AT A GLANCE 279
SIZE OF SERVICE WORKSHEETS 283
GLOSSARY 193
INDEX 215
viWIRING FOR CANADIAN HOMES AND COTTAGES
Wet location
— see Location types.
Wet-niche fixture
a light fixture intended for installation in a forming shell mounted
in a pool structure, where the fixture will be completely surrounded
by water.
Wiring method
the method used to deliver electrical energy to equipment, appliances, and devices:
• Armoured cable (BX ) wiring methods: a more expensive
wiring method with more stringent Code requirements.
Armoured cable is permitted in or on buildings or portions of
buildings of either combustible or noncombustible construction. It is more expensive than nonmetallic sheathed cable, is
not as user-friendly, and has more specific installation
requirements. Armoured cable is commonly used in steel
partitions. It should only be used by people who are trained in
and qualified for using armoured cable.
• Nonmetallic sheathed cable (Romex) wiring methods: the
most popular and economical wiring method used in residential construction. Nonmetallic sheathed cable is designed for
use in buildings of combustible construction (that is, where
combustible materials are used for structural members and
other building assemblies).
In residential construction, it is increasingly common to use
steel studs and framing instead of wood. The Code allows
nonmetallic sheathed cables to be used as a wiring method in
the steel partitions, as long as the dwelling is still defined as a
building of combustible construction. However, the Code sets
out very specific requirements for the use of nonmetallic
sheathed cable in steel partitions. The principal concern is to
prevent steel building materials, which are not grounded,
from being energized by a damaged cable in contact with the
steel in the partitions. Only individuals who have been
trained in using nonmetallic sheathed cable in steel partitions
and who have the required qualifications should use nonmetallic sheathed cable in these types of installations.
Air conditioners
central units
circuit requirements 145-146
definition 143
disconnect switch 146
disconnect switch (diagram) 147
sizing of equipment 145
sizing of equipment (table) 148
wiring and installation 146
wiring and installation (diagram) 147
individual units
circuit requirements 145
cord connection 145
definition 143
operation 143-144
sizing of equipment 144
Ampacity
definition 293
Appliances
in basements 103
in bathrooms 95
clothes washers and dryers 91 , 93-95
cord-connected appliances, definition 198
definition 194
heaters, direct-connected 235
heaters, direct-connected (sizing chart) 134
on kitchen counters 70
in kitchens 68
microwave ovens 89
outdoor appliances 101
Arc fault circuit interrupters (AFCIs)
definition 32, 194
diagram 33
operation 66WIRING FOR CANADIAN HOMES AND COTTAGES
Arcing
causes 29, 32, 65
definition 194
diagram 32
Armoured cable
definition 195
B
Balconies
circuit requirements 67
GFCI requirements 67
receptacle requirements 67, 101
Barrier-free design
kitchen counters 75, 80
panel installation 35
Basement stairs
lighting requirements 113
lighting requirements (diagram) 114
Bathrooms
circuit requirements 96
definition 195
lighting requirements 109
receptacle requirements 95
Bedrooms
circuit requirements 65
lighting requirements 109
receptacle locations (diagram) 62
receptacle requirements 65
smoke alarms 122
Block heaters 101 , 104
Bonding
definition 195
Branch circuits
definition 195
general-purpose circuits 45
multi-wire (split) circuits 46
sizing of conductors 50-51
sizing of overcurrent devices 50-51
T-slot receptacles 48
types 45
216Canadian Electrical Code
definition 196
history ix
Canadian Standards Association (CSA)
background xii
certification mark 34
certification mark (diagram) 34
Carbon monoxide detectors
circuit requirements 125-127
location requirements 125-126
operation 126
replacement 128
smoke alarms, interconnection with 127
testing 126
Carports
lighting requirements 117
lighting requirements (diagram ) 118
receptacle requirements 103
Central vacuum units
circuit requirements 164
installation 164
receptacle requirements 164
receptacle requirements (diagram) 165
Circuits
See Branch circuits, Class 1 circuits, Class 2 circuits, General-purpose
circuits
Circuit breakers
definition 196
function 29
operation 65, 196
in panel 29
Circuit requirements
air conditioners 145
balconies 67
bathrooms 96
bedrooms 65
carbon monoxide detectors 126-127
finished walls 65
furnaces
electric 142
hallways 91WIRING FOR CANADIAN HOMES AND COTTAGES
kitchen counter receptacles 75
kitchen dining areas 69
laundry equipment in bathrooms 99
laundry rooms 93
motors 165
outbuildings and unattached structures 105
outdoor receptacles 102
ovens, built-in 129
porches 67
ranges
electric 85
gas 87
smoke alarms 121, 124
water heaters 133, 135
Class 1 circuits
definition 196
Class 2 circuits
definition 196
Closets
lighting requirements 115
lighting requirements (diagram) 116
Communication systems
wiring and installation 163
Computers, home 163
Conductors
air-conditioning units
central 146
individual 145
buried, see Underground supply service
definitions 197
feeder circuits 49
furnaces, electric 142
heat pumps 149
motors 165, 167
ovens, built-in 129-130
sizing for branch circuits (table) 52
sizing for heating appliances (tables) 134
taps, in panel (diagram) 39
water heaters
in-line 135
storage-tank 133
Consumer's service
definition 1 , 197
diagram 2
218INDEX
Cord-connected equipment
definition 198
D
Data systems
wiring and installation 163
Dining rooms
lighting requirements 109-111
receptacle locations (diagram) 63
Direct-connected equipment
definition 199
Disconnect switches
air conditioners, central 146-147
furnaces
electric 142
fuel-burning 137
motors 167
Drip loops 15, 199
Duplex receptacles
definition 208
diagram 84
Dwelling units
definition x, 199
E
Electric ranges (free-standing)
circuit requirements 87
receptacle requirements 85
Electronic thermostats 143
Enclosure types
definitions 5, 200
designations (table) 5
Entertainment systems
wiring and installation 163
Entrances
lighting requirements 107-108
lighting requirements (diagram) 108WIRING FOR CANADIAN HOMES AND COTTAGES
FF
fittings
See Service heads
Feeder circuits
definition 49, 200
overcurrent devices 49
sizing of conductors 49
Finished walls
definition 54
receptacle requirements 61, 65
receptacle requirements (diagrams) 62-64
usable wall space 54
usable wall space (diagrams) 55-60
Flip-flop switches
definition 212
for water heaters 131
Freezers 103
Furnaces
See Space heaters
Fuses
definition 201
motor circuits 166
operation 65, 201
in panel 29
Type D fuses 145
Fusible disconnect switches 142, 146
G
Garages
lighting requirements 117
lighting requirements (diagram) 117
receptacle requirements 203
Gas ranges (free-standing)
circuit requirements 88
receptacle requirements 87-88
General-purpose circuits
definition 45, 201
GFCI protection (diagram) 97
outlet requirements 45-46
General-use switches
definition 212
220INDEX
Ground fault
definition 30, 202
Ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs)
definition 30, 202
diagram 31
feed-through GFCI receptacles 96
feed-through GFCI receptacles (diagram) 97
GFCI circuit breakers 96
GFCI receptacles 96
operation 96, 202
H
Hallways
circuit requirements 91
lighting requirements 109
receptacle requirements 90
Heat gain calculation
air conditioners 144
air conditioners, central 145
Heat loss calculation
space heaters 137
Heat pumps
circuit requirements 149
operation 149
Heaters, heating appliances
See Space heaters, Water heaters
Hot tubs
controls 157
definition 157, 211
electrical equipment 157
GFCI requirements 158
leakage current collectors 158
lighting requirements 157
receptacle requirements 157
Hydromassage tubs
controls 156-157
definition 203
GFCI requirements 154
lighting requirements 156
receptacle requirements 156WIRING FOR CANADIAN HOMES AND COTTAGES
I
Indicating/disconnect switches
definition 212
Isolating switches
definition 213
marking 137
K
Kitchens
appliances
See Appliances; Electric ranges; Gas ranges; Ovens, built-in;
Refrigerators
counters
barrier-free design 80-81
circuit requirements 75
multi-wire circuits 47
receptacle locations 72
receptacle locations (diagrams) 72-74
receptacle requirements 70-71
usable wall space 70-71
dining and eating areas, receptacle requirements 69
islands and peninsulas, receptacle requirements 82
lighting requirements 109
receptacle locations (diagrams) 72-74
sinks
receptacle locations 70
L
Laundry equipment in bathrooms
circuit requirements 99
receptacle requirements 99
receptacle requirements (diagram) 100
Laundry rooms
circuit requirements 93
definition 91
GFCI requirements 94
receptacle requirements 93-94
receptacle requirements (diagram) 94
LB fitting
definition 203
Leakage current
definition 203
GFCI protection 96
222INDEX
Leakage current collectors
description 158
diagram 160
sizing 159
Lighting
basements, unfinished 115
basement stairs 113-114
carports 117
closets 115
entrances 107
garages 117
hot tubs 157
living rooms 209
outbuildings and unattached structures 119
recreation rooms 209
spas 157
stairways 111
storage rooms 115
Line voltage thermostats 142
Living rooms
lighting requirements 109-111, 209
receptacle locations (diagram) 63
Location types
definitions 204
and enclosure designations (table) 5
Luminaires
definition 107, 205
M
Meters, metering equipment
installation 3, 7
location 8, 27
Microwave ovens
receptacle requirements 89
Motion sensors 108
Motor circuit switches
definition 213
Motors
circuit requirements 165
conductors 165, 167
disconnect switches 167
full load current 138
overcurrent protection 165, 168
223WIRING FOR CANADIAN HOMES AND COTTAGES
rating 138
starting surge 138, 166, 268
Multi-wire branch circuits
definition 47, 205
diagram 77
overcurrent protection 47
in panel 47-48
split-duplex receptacles 76
N
National Building Code of Canada
definition 206
Nuisance tripping
definition 213
o
Office equipment, home 163
Outbuildings and unattached structures
circuit recommendations 105
GFC1 requirements 106, 120
lighting recommendations 119
overhead electrical supply 205, 2 29
receptacle recommendations 105
underground electrical supply 106, 119
Outdoor receptacles
circuit requirements 202
general requirements 2 02
GFCI requirements 2 02
location requirements 202
receptacle requirements (diagram) 202
Outlet
definition 45, 206
Ovens, built-in
circuit requirements 2 29
Overcurrent devices
branch circuits 50
definition 207
feeder circuits 49
in panel 29
sizing 52
Overhead supply service
diagram 2, 11
224INDEX
installation 3
point of attachment (rack) 10
service head 14
service mast 12
p
Panels
definition 207
function 29, 37
general requirements 33
location requirements 35
mounting positions (diagram) 36
multi-wire circuit connection 47
number of branch circuits (table) 38
overcurrent devices 29
overcurrent protection 37
rating 43, 49
Porches
circuit requirements 67
GFCI requirements 67
receptacle requirements 67, 101
Power tools 38, 45, 47, 92
Programmable switches 108
R
Raceways
definition 208
service conductors 6, 16
supply service 8
underground service conductors 19
Racks 11
Rain-tight service entrance heads
See Service heads
Ranges
See Electric ranges, Gas ranges
Rating
definition 208
Receptacles
balconies 67, 101
barrier-free design 80
basements, unfinished 103
bathrooms 95
bedrooms (diagram) 62
225
[WIRING FOR CANADIAN HOMES AND COTTAGES
carports 103
definition 208
dining rooms (diagram) 63
duplex receptacles 208
duplex receptacles (diagram) 84
finished walls 63, 65
garages 103
hallways 90
hot tubs 157
hydromassage tubs 156
kitchen counters 68-71
kitchen dining and eating areas 69
kitchen islands and peninsulas 82
laundry equipment in bathrooms 99
laundry rooms 93
living rooms (diagram) 63
microwave ovens 89
outdoor receptacles 101
porches 67, 101
ranges
electric 85-86
gas 87
recreation rooms (diagram) 64
refrigerators 84
single receptacles 208
single receptacles (diagram) 84
spas 157
split-duplex receptacles 75, 208
split-duplex receptacles vs. T-slot receptacles (diagram) 78
swimming pools
permanent 150
storable 153
switched-duplex receptacles 209
switched split-duplex receptacles 209
T~slot receptacles 208
Recreation rooms
receptacle locations (diagram) 64
receptacle requirements 47
Refrigerators
circuit requirements 84
receptacle requirements 84
Resistance
definition 209
226INDEX
s
Saunas
circuit requirements 160
installation 160
installation (diagram) 162
thermostats 161
Service conductors
authority's
diagram 11
ground clearance 20
protection 10-24
consumers
diagrams 7, 9
installation and routing 25
protection 8, 16
wiring methods 25-27
Service disconnect
definition 210
Service heads
definition 210
diagrams 14—15
location requirements 15
Service masts
components 13
definition 211
diagram 13
requirements 12
Single-dwelling units
definition x, 211
Single receptacles
definition 208
diagram 84
Size of service
definition 40
multiple dwellings
calculation method 43
calculation worksheet 289
single dwellings
calculation method 40
calculation worksheet 284
Sleeping rooms and areas
See Bedrooms
227WIRING FOR CANADIAN HOMES AND COTTAGES
Smoke alarms
backup alarm 121
circuit requirements 121 , 124
location requirements 122
operation 121
replacement 125
testing 121
wall mounting (diagram) 123
Space heaters
electric furnaces
circuit requirements 142
disconnecting means 142
operation 142
sizing of equipment 142
thermostats 143
fuel-burning furnaces
circuit requirements 137
disconnect switch 137
equipment 139
wiring and installation 139
wiring and installation (diagrams) 140-141
sizing of equipment 137
Spas
controls 157
definition 157, 211
electrical equipment 157
GFCI requirements 157
leakage current collectors 158
lighting requirements 157
receptacle requirements 157
Split-duplex receptacles
definition 75, 208
diagram 76
wiring (diagram) 77
Stairways
lighting requirements 111
receptacle requirements 90
Starters
definition 211
Starting surge
air conditioners 145
motors 138, 166, 168
228INDEX
Storage rooms
lighting requirements 115
Supply authority
definition 1, 212
responsibilities 1, 4
Supply service
definition 1, 212
diagram 2
metering equipment 27
service equipment 28
Swimming pools
permanent
definition 150
GFCI requirements 150—151
lighting requirements 151
lighting requirements (diagram) 152
receptacle requirements 150
storable
definition 153
GFCI requirements 153
receptacle requirements 153
receptacle requirements (diagram) 154
Switched-duplex receptacles
definition 209
Switched split-duplex receptacles
definition 209
Switches
definitions 212
flip-flop switches 131, 212
general-use switches 212
indicating/disconnect switches 213
isolating switches 137, 213
motor circuit switches 213
three-way switches 109, 212
T
Taps, in panel (diagram) 39
Terminology x
Thermostats
central air conditioning 147
electronic 143
me
saunas 161
lWIRING FOR CANADIAN HOMES AND COTTAGES
Three-way switches
definition 212
T~slot receptacles
circuit requirements 48
definition 77, 208
diagram 78
uses 48
u
Underground supply service
backfill requirements 23
conductors, burial of 19
conductors, protection of 19-23
depth of cover requirements (table) 20
diagrams 2, 22
location requirements 19
service connection 17-18
Underwater lighting fixtures 151
Unfinished basements
lighting requirements 115
receptacle requirements 92, 103
Utility rooms
definition 91-92
lighting requirements 109
receptacle and lighting requirements (diagram) 93
receptacle requirements 92
Y
Voltage
definition 213
w
Water heaters
in-line type
circuit requirements 135
operation 135
storage-tank type
circuit requirements 133
diagram 132
operation 131
ratings 133
230INDEX
Weather heads
See Service heads
Wet-niche fixtures 151
Wiring methods
definitions 214
Workshops 37, 47-49
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