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| موضوع: كتاب Design of Demining Machines الجمعة 18 يونيو 2021, 8:03 am | |
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أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Design of Demining Machines Dinko Mikulic
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents 1 Humanitarian Demining Techniques . 1 1.1 Landmines Threats 1 1.1.1 Countries Affected to Various Degrees by Mines and Unexploded Ordnance . 1 1.1.2 Landmines Obstacles . 3 1.1.3 Demining Stress Factors . 4 1.2 Humanitarian Demining Technology 5 1.2.1 Specification of Mine Clearance Quality . 7 1.3 Efficiency of Demining Techniques . 8 1.3.1 Classification of Demining Machines 8 1.3.2 Demining Conditions . 13 1.3.3 Efficiency of Deminers . 15 1.3.4 Efficiency of Mine Detection Dogs . 16 1.3.5 Efficiency of Demining Machines 16 1.3.6 Experience of the Machine Demining . 18 1.3.7 Role of Machine Demining . 24 References 26 2 Mechanics of Machine Demining . 29 2.1 Soil Categorization 30 2.2 Soil Trafficability . 31 2.2.1 Mean Maximum Pressure 31 2.2.2 Soil Cone Index 33 2.2.3 Wheel Rut Depth 35 2.2.4 Mobility Index, MI 36 2.3 Toolbox Demining System . 37 2.4 Soil Digging Resistance . 39 2.4.1 Soil Cutting Resistance . 39 2.4.2 Flail Force Impulse 40 xi2.5 Demining Machines with Flails 41 2.5.1 Flail Mechanics . 41 2.5.2 Hammer Shapes 45 2.5.3 Machine Power . 49 2.5.4 Flail Design . 51 2.5.5 Flail Geometry . 55 2.6 Demining Machine with Tillers 61 2.6.1 Helix System 62 2.6.2 Cutting Resistance . 63 2.7 Demining Machine with Rollers . 65 2.7.1 Heavy Mine Rollers 66 2.7.2 Medium Mine Rollers 70 References 72 3 Design of Demining Machines 73 3.1 Project Requirements . 74 3.1.1 Demining Machine Structure 76 3.1.2 Operating Conditions . 77 3.1.3 Performance Requirements . 77 3.1.4 Design Requirements . 78 3.1.5 Reliability Requirements 79 3.1.6 Documentation Requirements . 82 3.1.7 Testing Requirements . 82 3.1.8 Evaluation Model . 83 3.2 Design of Light Demining Machine . 84 3.2.1 Soil Digging . 84 3.2.2 Drive System 85 3.2.3 Cooling System and Air Cleaning 89 3.2.4 Flail System and Soil Digging Profile . 92 3.2.5 Machine Control 94 3.2.6 Machine Characteristics . 97 3.2.7 Assessment of Acceptability 98 3.2.8 Light Demining Machine with Rollers . 101 3.2.9 Mini Demining Bulldozer 103 3.2.10 Advanced Demining Systems . 104 3.2.11 Autonomous Unmanned Mine Clearing Robot Concept . 108 3.3 Design of Medium Demining Machine . 111 3.3.1 Use of Medium Machines 112 3.3.2 Requirements for Development 114 3.3.3 Soil Resistance and Flail Power . 117 3.3.4 Engine and Transmission 125 3.3.5 Machine Efficiency 129 xii Contents3.4 Design of Heavy Demining Machine 130 3.4.1 Concept of Two Flails 130 3.4.2 Flail and Tiller Concept . 134 3.4.3 Machine Resistance on Mines . 135 3.4.4 Conclusion 137 3.5 Support Demining Machines 138 3.5.1 Demining Excavators . 139 3.5.2 Excavator Long Reach 140 3.5.3 Operator Safety . 140 3.6 Ecological Demining Machine 141 3.6.1 Machine Acceptability Eco Model 145 3.6.2 DE Drive System 149 3.6.3 Electric Demining Machine 151 References 151 4 Design of Mine Protected Vehicles 153 4.1 Project Requirements . 153 4.2 Selection of Chassis 155 4.2.1 Cross-Country Mobility . 155 4.2.2 Selection of Chassis and Mobile Mechanic Workshop . 156 4.2.3 Armour Material 157 4.3 Mine Protected Vehicle Design 158 4.3.1 Safety Compartment . 158 4.3.2 Crew Protection Standards . 159 4.4 Level of Ballistic Protection 160 4.5 Cone of Destruction 162 4.6 Verification of Countermine Protection 163 4.7 Protection Against Impulse Noise and Vibrations . 166 4.7.1 Survivability of the Crew 166 4.7.2 Protection Packages 166 References 168 5 Personal Protective Equipment . 169 5.1 Personal Protective Equipment of the Machine Operator 170 5.1.1 Machine Operator Risk with a Remote Controlled Machine 171 5.1.2 Protective Vest, Helmet and Footwear . 172 5.2 Requirements for Personal Protective Equipment 172 5.2.1 Definition of V50 Value . 173 5.2.2 Helmet and Visor Characteristics . 174 5.2.3 Protective Vest Characteristics 175 Contents xiii5.2.4 Mine Protective Boots and Covers 175 5.2.5 Acceptance Criterions 176 References 177 6 Test and Evaluation of Demining Machines . 179 6.1 Criteria for Evaluation of Demining Machines . 179 6.2 Demining Machine Performance . 181 6.2.1 Soil Digging Depth Profile . 181 6.3 Survivability and Protection 183 6.3.1 Operator Protection Against Mine Fragments 184 6.3.2 Protection Against Impulse Noise 186 6.3.3 Protection Against Vibrations . 187 6.4 Cerovac Test Range 189 6.4.1 Demining Machine Testing Area . 190 6.4.2 Detection Dog and Dog Handler Testing Area . 192 6.4.3 All Detector Types Testing Area . 194 6.4.4 Personnel Training Area . 194 6.5 Demining Machine Testing Process . 195 6.5.1 Preparation of Documentation . 196 6.5.2 Testing of Depth and Efficiency . 196 6.5.3 Machine Testing on AP Mines 198 6.5.4 Machine Testing on AT Mines 200 6.5.5 Machine Operator Protection Testing 201 6.5.6 Demining Machine Usage Acceptability 202 6.5.7 Annual Compliance Testing 203 6.5.8 Conclusion 204 6.6 Research of Machine Usage on Soft Soil . 204 6.6.1 New Loose Soil Layer—‘‘Banana Layer’’ . 205 6.6.2 Soil Trafficability in the Domain of Terramechanics . 206 6.6.3 Conclusion 207 References 208 Abbreviations 209 Index Index A Acceptability of demining machine, 202 Acceptance test, 180 Active protection, 172 Advanced demining systems, 104 Anti-personnel mines (AP), 2 Anti-tank mines (AT), 2 Application of demining machines, 24 Armour material, 157 Assessment of acceptability, 98, 203 B Balance of power at soil digging, 123 Ballistic protection, 155, 160 Blast pressure, 162 C Concept of two flails, 130 Cone of destruction, 162 Cooling system, 89 Countermine protection, 135, 153 Crew safety, 188 Cross-country mobility, 100, 155 Crushing resistance, 85 Cutting resistance, 63, 85 D Deminer, 7 Demining excavators, 12, 139 Demining machine performance, 181 Demining machine testing process, 195 Demining rollers, 65, 101 Demining stress factors, 4 Design requirements, 75, 78 Diesel-electric demining machine, 146–149 Diesel engine exhausts gases, 143 Drag force, 45 Dual-use machine concept, 108 E Ecological demining machine, 141 Efficiency of deminers, 15 Efficiency of demining machines, 16 Electric demining machine, 146, 151 Electronic system scheme, 96 Evaluation model, 83 Evaluation of demining machines, 179 F Flail and tiller concept, 134 Flail centrifugal force, 42 Flail demining helix system, 51, 62 Flail design, 51 Flail design parameters, 59 Flail durability on mine explosion, 61 Flail force impulse, 40, 118 Flail geometry, 55 Flail mechanics, 41 Flail resistance moment, 120 Flail specific power, 124 Flail system, 92 H Hammer force impulse, 46, 133 Hammer impulse force, 85 Hammer shapes, 45 D. Mikulic, Design of Demining Machines, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-4504-2, Springer-Verlag London 2013 211H (cont.) Hammer striking force, 42 Heavy demining machine, 16, 21, 111, 130–131 Heavy mine rollers, 66 Helmet with visor, 172, 174 Humanitarian demining equipment, 8 Humanitarian demining technology, 5 Hydraulic scheme, 86 I Impact force, 44 L Land mine obstacles, 3 Light autonomous machines, 111 Light demining machine, 11, 84, 101 Loose layer of soil under the tracks, 205 M Machine control, 94 Machine demining, 24 Machine durability, 81 Machine efficiency, 98, 99, 129, 197 Machine survivability, 183 Machine testing on AP mines, 198 Machine testing on AT mines, 200 Machine usage on soft soil, 204 Machine with flails, 10 Machine with tillers, 11 Mathematical expectation for number of activated mines, 67 Mathematical expectation of machine durability, 81 Mean maximum pressure (MMP), 31 Medium demining machine, 111 Medium machine, 16–17 Medium mine roller, 71 Mine neutralization, 10, 41, 45, 62, 74, 85, 111, 130, 203 Mine protected machines, 136 Mine protected vehicle, 153 Mine threat level, 155, 159 Mine-clearance, 4, 7, 78 Mini demining bulldozer, 103 Mobility Index (MI), 36 Movement resistance, 125 N Nominal Ground Pressure (NGP), 33 O Operator control unit, 95 Operator hand-held unit, 97 Operator safety, 140 Operator Survivability, 184 Optimal shapes of striking hammer, 54 P Parameters of flail, 52 Passive protection, 170 Performance requirements, 75, 77 Performance test, 180 Power of engine, 127 Power required for machine operation, 50 Power required for soil digging, 122 Protection against impulse noise, 186 Protection against mine fragments, 184 Protection against vibrations, 187 Protective equipment for deminers, 169 Protective equipment of the machine operator, 170 Protective footwear, 172 Protective vest, 172, 175 R Reliability of mine activation, 66 Reliability requirements, 75, 79 Remote control, 78 Rollers design, 101 S Safety compartment, 158 Soil categorization, 30 Soil cone index, 33 Soil crushing resistance, 118, 132 Soil cutting resistance, 39, 117 Soil digging density, 78, 85, 93 Soil digging depth profile, 93, 181, 197 Soil digging moment, 133 Soil digging resistance, 39 Soil trafficability, 31 Specification of mine clearance quality, 7 Striking hammer force, 52 Survivability of the crew, 166 Survivability test, 180 T Tele-demining machines, 105 Tele-demining robotics, 107 Test range, 189 212 IndexTillers design, 61 Toolbox demining system, 37 Tracked demining machine, 114 Track model, 89 V V50 Value, 170 Vegetation categorization, 32 Vehicle cone index, 35 W Wedge efficiency, 54 Wheeled demining machine, 112 Wheel rut depth, 35
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