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| موضوع: كتاب CT of the Airways السبت 02 أبريل 2022, 5:56 pm | |
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب CT of the Airways Edited by Phillip M. Boiselle, MD Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA and David A. Lynch, MB National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents Series Editor’s Introduction . v Preface ix Contributors xiii Part I Introductory 1 Airway Anatomy and Physiology 3 Kathryn Chmura, Stella Hines, and Edward D. Chan 2 Radiologic Anatomy of the Airways 25 Phillip M. Boiselle and David A. Lynch 3 Pathology of the Airways . 49 Chih-Wei Wang and Thomas V. Colby 4 Anatomical Airway Imaging Methods 75 Phillip M. Boiselle and David A. Lynch 5 Functional Airway Imaging Methods . 95 Jonathan G. Goldin Part II Large Airways 6 Tracheobronchial Stenoses 121 Phillip M. Boiselle, Jay Catena, Armin Ernst, and David A. Lynch 7 Tracheal and Bronchial Neoplasms . 151 Karen S. Lee and Phillip M. Boiselle 8 Tracheobronchomalacia . 191 Ronaldo Hueb Baroni, Rodrigo Caruso Chate, Daniel Nobrega da Costa, and Phillip M. Boiselle 9 Bronchiectasis 213 John D. Newell, Jr. Part III Small Airways 10 Asthma . 239 Philippe A. Grenier, Catherine Beigelman-Aubry, and Pierre-Yves Brillet 11 Infectious Small Airways Diseases and Aspiration Bronchiolitis 255 Kyung Soo Lee 12 Noninfectious Inflammatory Small Airways Diseases . 271 David A. Lynch 13 Obliterative Bronchiolitis . 293 C. Isabela S. Silva and Nestor L. Müller 14 Smoking-Related Small Airways and Interstitial Lung Disease 325 David M. Hansell and Athol U. Wells xixii Contents Part IV: Pediatric Airways Disorders 15 Large Airways 351 Edward Y. Lee and Marilyn J. Siegel 16 Computed Tomography of Pediatric Small Airways Disease 381 Alan S. Brody Index . Index Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 314 Adenoid/nasopharyngeal tonsil, 5 Adenoid cystic carcinoma, 155, 157, 159, 171–175 Air trapping and expiratory CT, 46, 89, 111, 243–245, 300 Airway malignant lesions adenoid cystic carcinoma, 173–174 carcinoid tumors, 175–177 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 177–179 squamous cell carcinoma, 168–171 Airways conducting portion of and terminal bronchioles, 12 histology of, 11 innervation, 10–11 lipomas, 164–165 measurement of, 14–16, 32, 37, 104–107 respiratory portion of, 12–13 secondary malignancies, 179–180 segmentation, 104–107 segmenting, difficulties in CT-based attenuation threshold, 105–106 trachea and bronchi, 11–12 Airway smooth muscle (ASM) thickening, 239 Airway wall remodeling and airflow obstruction CT assessment, 249–252 effect of treatment, 252 pathologic and functional findings, 249 Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), 228–230, 239–240, 243 Allergic bronchopulmonary fungal disease (ABFD), 55, 57, 70 Allergic mucin plugs in dilated bronchi, 54–55 Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD), 230–231 Alveolar-capillary septa and diffusion capacity, 18 Alveolar ducts, 13 Amyloidosis, 128–130, 182–187 Ankylosing spondylitis, 57 tracheal wall histology, 11, 124 Anthracosis and biomass fuels, 278–280 Aryepiglottic folds, 25, 28 Aryepiglotticus, 6 Aspergillus fumigatus, fungus, 228, 312 Asthma imaging, 239–243 pathology, 68–70 Atelectasis of right middle lobe/lingula, 57 Atypical carcinoids, 176–177 Axial CT images of airways, 25–28, 38–45 Bacterial bronchiolitis, 260–262 BCG, see Bronchocentric granulomatosis Benign airway tumors, 162 Benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors, 165 Bronchial adenoid cystic carcinoma, 155, 157, 171–175 Bronchial anastomotic stenosis, 141 Bronchial artery circulation, 9 Bronchial atresia, minimal intensity projection depiction of air trapping, 89 Bronchial carcinoid, 153, 156, 175–177 Bronchial dilation in asthma, 240 Bronchial hyperresponsiveness, 245 Bronchial wall thickening, 111, 243, 252 Bronchiectasis clinical significance and presentation, 215–216 definition, 213–215 diagnosis CT criteria for, 219–221 CT technique for, 219 etiologies, 216–219 types and causes of, 51–52 Bronchi mucoid impaction, 54–55, 229 Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), small airways disease, 65, 381, 391–395 Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), small airways disease, 63, 294, 399–400 Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), 311 Bronchiolitis obliterans with intraluminal polyps, 63–65 Bronchiolitis with diffuse lung diseases hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 283 langerhans cell histiocytosis, 283 sarcoidosis, 283 Bronchiolitis with systemic disease collagen vascular disease, 283 inflammatory bowel disease, 283–285 Bronchiolocentric nodules, 66, 68 Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), 311, 326 Bronchocentric granulomatosis, 49, 55–56, 285–288 Broncholithiasis, 59 Bronchomalacia (BM), 191, 193 Bronchopulmonary segments, 8 Bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), 12, 62 Carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLco), 17, 295 Carcinoid tumor, 153, 161, 175–179 Carcinoid tumorlet, 68, 316 Carinal adenoid cystic carcinoma, 159, 175 Cellular bronchiolitis, 59–62, 68, 258, 262, 267, 279 Central airways 405406 Index 3-D segmentation by axial multidetector CT (MDCT) data set, 78 neoplasms, CT characterization, 160–162 stenosis, causes of, 122 CF transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR), 216 Charcot-Leyden crystals, 55 Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia, 258–260 Chondromas, 165, 168 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 14, 217, 218, 343–345 Cicatricial stenosis of cricoid and upper trachea, 130 Cigarette smokers and large airways abnormalities, 343–345 Coexistent connective tissue disease, 57, 294, 314 Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), 218, 231 Congenital (TBM) tracheobronchomalacia incidence, 193–194 Congenital thoracic abnormality by, 3-D reconstruction images, 83–85 Congenital tracheomegaly (Mounier-Kuhn disease), 192 Constrictive bronchiolitis, 65–66, 293–294 Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), 207–209 Controlled-ventilation CT (CVCT), 385–388 Cricoarytenoid, 6 Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), 399 CT density and neoplastic characterization, 160 CT of bronchiectasis in specific disease states, 221 CT protocol dynamic volume, 98 CT reconstruction and reformation methods 2-D multiplanar reformation methods, 85–88 3-D reconstruction methods, 83 CT study of central airways, 75–79 Cystic Fibrosis (CF), 53, 213, 213–224, 215, 218 Density mask image processing in asthma, 90, 244 Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP), 63, 326, 334–336 Diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis (DAB), 270–271 Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH), 68, 316–317 Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB), 68, 271–274 cause of chronic bronchiolitis, 401 diagnosis of, 274–276 imaging features of, 274 Diffusion capacity measurement, 17–18 Dose-reduction for multidetector-row CT (MDCT), 201, 384–385 Dual energy CT, 91 Dynamic expiratory highresolution CT (HRCT), 96, 139, 219 Eccentric stenosis of cricoid, 130 End-inspiratory 3-D image of trachea and bronchi, 84 Endobronchial hamartoma, 165 Endobronchial lipomas, 160, 164 Endotracheal lipomas, 164 Expiratory air trapping, 47, 169, 240, 243, 244–245, 283, 309 Expiratory axial CT processed using density mask, 90 External 3-D rendering of airways, 84 Extrathoracic upper airways anatomy, 5 FEV1/FVC ratio, 14 Fibrolipoma, 159 Flock lung, 280–283 Focal subglottic stenosis and traumatic intubation, 123 Focal tracheal stenosis by airway injury from traumatic intubation, 81 Follicular bronchiolitis (FB), small airways disease, 62, 276–277, 382, 395–396 Forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1, 141, 295 Forced vital capacity (FVC), 14 Fume-related bronchiolar injury, 71, 277–278 General anesthesia (GA), 386, 388 Glottis, 6 Goblet cell hyperplasia, 68–69 Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), 294, 303 Hamartomas, 165 Helical and multidetector row CT technology, 75 Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT), 294, 312 HRCT scans of patient with asthma, 244–245 Human airway tree, quantitative analysis of structure and function, 104–107 Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11, 164 Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), 271 Hyperpolarized 3he-enhanced (MR) magnetic resonance, 297–298 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), small airways disease, 62, 294, 307, 382, 400–401 Idiopathic laryngotracheal stenosis, 130–131 Imaging protocol for assessing airways, 96 Immunodeficiencies, 231–233 Infectious bronchiolitis by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), 257 Inflammatory bowel disease, 131–133, 283–285 Inflammatory bronchiolitis, see Cellular bronchiolitis Infraglottic airway, tracheobronchial tree, 7–8 Inhalation lung disease burning biomass fuels inhalation, 278–280 toxic inhalation, 71, 277–278 Internal rendering of airways, 84 Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 57 Lady Windermere syndrome, 57 Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 68, 336–341 Large airways acquired tracheal narrowing, 367–368 clinical applications for computed tomography (CT), 358 image interpretation, 358 imaging technique, 92, 121, 352–353 neoplasms, 151Index 407 non-neoplastic diseases, 49 obstruction, 19–20 post-processing techniques, 86, 353–358 technique of patient preparation, 351–352 trachea and bronchi congenital malformations, 358–367 tracheomalacia and bronchomalacia, 191–209, 376–377 Laryngeal skeleton, 6 Laryngotracheobronchial papillomatosis, see Papillomatosis Left main bronchus (LMB), 37, 44 Lipomas, 164 Lobes and bronchopulmonary segments of lung with Boyden’s schema, 8, 41–44 Lunate trachea, 33 Lung attenuation measurements, 107–109 development, 3 regional segmentation, 104–107 volume analysis, 109–110 determination by quantitative studies, 98 measurement, 16–17 Lung attenuation curves (LACs), 108 Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP), 231, 395–396 Main bronchi, 37–38 Maximum intensity projection (MIP), 353 Middle lobe syndrome (MLS), 57–58 Mid-expiratory flow rate (FEF 25−75, 311 Mild cylindric bronchial dilation in asthma, 214, 240 Miller’s dictum, 9 Minimum intensity projection (MinIP), 32, 86, 301, 303, 353, 356 Mixed smoking-related disorders, 343–345 Modulation transfer function (MTF) curve, 99 Mounier-Kuhn syndrome, see Tracheobronchomegaly Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 151, 177–179 Mucoid impaction of bronchi, 54–55, 243 Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), 5 Multidetector-row CT (MDCT), 75, 191, 222–228 Multiplanar and 3-D reconstruction images of airways, 77, 81, 121, 127, 153, 351 Mycobacterium aviam complex (MAC), 218, 224, 225 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), 142, 218 Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, 257–258 Nasal septum, 4 Neuroendocrine (Kulchitzky) cells, 316 Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia in adults, 317 Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI), small airways disease, 381, 396–398 Neurofibromas, 165 Noninfectious inflammatory small airways diseases, 271 Non-neoplastic diseases of large airways, 49, 121–147 Non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), 327 Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM), 221, 224–228, 264–265 Normal expiratory air trapping, 47 Novel CT ventilation techniques, 110 Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) clinical features, 295 definition and terminology, 293–294 histologic findings, 295–297 imaging findings, 297–308 pediatric, 391–395 pulmonary function tests, 295 specific causes and underlying diseases, 309–317 Obstructive spirogram before bronchodilator treatment(pre-BD), 15 Ooi scoring system bronchiectasis severity and emphysema, 231 Organizing pneumonia pattern in BOOP, 64 Oropharynx, 4–6 Palatine tonsils, 5 Panbronchiolitis pattern in thymoma, 272 Papillomatosis, 164, 369 Pediatric tracheal neoplasms, 162, 368–371 Peribronchiolar metaplasia, 66–67 Post-intubation stenoses, 121, 128–130 Post-transplant BO (PTBO), 311–314, 393 Pressure-volume curves and lung compliance, 18–19 Primary ciliary dyskinesia, Kartagener’s syndrome, 219, 233–234 Psoriatic arthritis, 57 Pulmonary function studies (PFTs), 13–14, 196 Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH), 336 Pulmonary lobule, 8 Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection of middle lobe and/or lingula, 57, 265 Reiter’s disease, 57 Relapsing polychondritis, 57–59, 133–134 Relapsing polychondritis and tracheal wall, 35 Residual volume (RV), 295 Respiratory bronchiolitis (RB), 62–63, 326–332 Respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD), 63, 217, 325 Respiratory pressure–volume (compliance) curves, 19 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), 294, 390 Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia, 256 Rhinoscleroma, 135 Rima glottidis, 6 Rima vestibuli, 6 Saber-sheath trachea deformity, 33, 135–137 Sagittal multiplanar volume reformation (MPRV), 32 Sarcoidosis, 68, 137–139 Sauropous androgynus, vegetable, 314 Schwannomas, 165 Segmental and subsegmental bronchi, 38 Silicosis, 282 Silo filler’s disease, nitrogen dioxide inhalation, 294, 314 Single breath diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide measurement (DLco), 13–14408 Index Sjogren’s syndrome, 57 Small airway abnormalities detection techniques, 86–88, 381, 386 acute bronchiolitis, 389–391 anatomy and development, 381–382 bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), 294, 399–400 diseases, 59, 255–317, 335–401 hyperresponsiveness, 245–249 inflammation, 249 and interstitial lung disease, 325–345 Small bronchi and bronchioles, 46–47 Smooth muscle hyperplasia, 68– 69 Squamous cell carcinoma, 168–172 papilloma, 163 Static end-inspiratory and end-expiratory volume assessment typical imaging protocol, 97 Static functional imaging protocol, 98 Subglottic airway, 25 Submucosal edema, 69 Supraglottic airway anatomy, 3 nasal cavity, 4 nasopharynx and oropharynx, 4–6 Swyer–James syndrome, post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), 309–311, 391–393 Systemic lupus erythematosus, 57 Thyroarytenoid, 6 Thyroepiglotticus, 6 Thyroid malignancy and tracheal compression, 38 Total lung capacity (TLC), 14, 295 Trachea amyloidosis, 182 anatomy, 28–30 chondrosarcoma, 167 lipomatous hamartoma, 162 neurofibroma, 167 papilloma, 163 papillomatosis, 154 retained secretions, 186 tomography, 153 wall, calcification of, 35 wall thickening, 34 Tracheal index, 33 Trachea squamous cell carcinoma, 171 Tracheobronchial stenoses, detection and characterization, 124, 126 Tracheobronchial tree, three-dimensional segmentation, 45 Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) classification, 192–193 clinical disorder, 49 clinical presentation, 195 congenital, 376 diagnostic criterion, 199–200 histopathology, 194–195 pediatric, 374 traditional diagnostic approach, 195–197 treatment, 207–209 Tracheobronchomegaly, 49–50 Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TBO), 49–50, 126, 139–141, 180–182 Tracheomalacia (TM), 49, 121, 191, 193, 196, 203–204, 206, 376 Tuberculosis, 142–145, 218, 224, 262–264 Tuberculosis stenosis, 143 Typical carcinoids, 175 Upper airway anatomy, 25–28 three-dimensional reconstruction techniques, 29 Upper respiratory tract and tracheobronchial tree blood supply, 9 Virtual bronchoscopy, 85 of tracheal lumen, 31 Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD), 20 Vocal cords, 6 Wegener granulomatosis, 144–147
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