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 |  موضوع: كتاب Advanced Automotive Fault Diagnosis الخميس 29 سبتمبر 2022, 4:53 pm | |
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Advanced Automotive Fault Diagnosis
Automotive Technology: Vehicle Maintenance and Repair
Fifth Edition
Tom Denton
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents
Preface xix
Acknowledgements xxi
Introduction
. Diagnosis
. What is needed to find faults?
. Safe working practices
. Introduction
. Risk assessment and reduction
. High voltage vehicles
. IMI TechSafe
. Terminology
. Introduction
. Report writing
. Introduction
. Example report
. Introduction
. Test criteria
. Facilities/Resources
. Test procedures
. Measured results
. Analysis of results
. Conclusions
Diagnostic techniques
. Introduction
. Logic
. Data
. Where to stop?
. Diagnostic process
. Six-stage process
. The art of diagnostics
. Concern, cause, correction
. Root cause analysis
. Summary
. Diagnostics on paper
. Introduction
. Examples
. How long is a piece of string? vi Contents
. Real-world diagnostics
. Introduction
. What do you know?
. Training
. The customer
. How much does diagnostics cost?
. How much should you charge?
. Diagnostic sequence
. Efficiency
. Summary
. Mechanical diagnostic techniques
. Check the obvious first
. Noise, vibration and harshness
. Noise conditions
. Vibration conditions
. Road test
. Engine noises
. Sources of engine noise
. Electrical diagnostic techniques
. Check the obvious first
. Test lights and analogue meters – warning
. Generic electrical testing procedure
. Volt drop testing
. Testing for short circuits to earth
. On and off load tests
. Black box technique
. Sensor to ECU method
. Flight recorder tests
. Faultfinding by luck – or is it logic?
. Colour codes and terminal numbers
. Back probing connectors
. Systems
. What is a system?
. Vehicle systems
. Open-loop systems
. Closed-loop systems
. Block diagrams
. Pass-through
. Overview
. Software
Tools and equipment
. Range of equipment
. Introduction
. Basic hand tools
. Multimeter
. Diagnostic scanners overview
. VCDS
. Snap-on Verdict
. TopDon Artipad Contents vii
. Oscilloscope
. Breakout box
. Battery tester
. Insulation tester
. Thermal camera
. Sensor simulator
. Actuator driver
. Logic probe
. Accuracy of test equipment
. Multimeters
. Introduction
. Categories
. Taking measurements
. Voltage
. Resistance
. Current
. What is an open circuit voltage and how do you know zero is zero?
. Voltage drop testing example
. Insulation testing
. Oscilloscopes
. Operation
. High voltages and safety
. AC–DC
. Channels
. Making connections
. Non-invasive measurement
. Wiggly lines
. Example equipment
. Snap-on Verdict
. PicoScope
. Waveform library
. PicoDiagnostics
. Pressure sensor
. Noise and vibration
. Diagnostic tools
. On-board diagnostics
. Diagnostic trouble codes
. Example scanners
. Basic DIY
. VCDS
. ArtiPad
. How many scanners do you need?
. Live data
. Serial port communications
. OBD signal protocols
. Engine analysers
. Emission testing
. Introduction
. Exhaust gas measurement
. Exhaust analyser
. Emission limits viii Contents
. Pressure testing
. Introduction
. Oscilloscope transducer
. Pressure analysis
Sensors, actuators and oscilloscope diagnostics
. Introduction
. Sensors
. Introduction and sensor diagnostics
. Inductive sensors
. Crankshaft and camshaft sensors
. ABS speed sensor
. Inductive distributor pick-up
. Variable resistance
. Throttle position potentiometer
. Airflow meter – air vane
. Hot wire airflow sensor
. Airflow meter – hot wire
. Thermistors
. Coolant temperature sensor
. Hall effect sensors
. Hall effect distributor pick-up
. ABS Hall sensor
. Road speed sensor (Hall effect)
. Piezo accelerometer
. Knock sensor
. Oxygen sensors
. Oxygen sensor (Titania)
. Oxygen sensor (Zirconia)
. Pressure sensors
. Strain gauges
. Fuel pressure
. Manifold absolute pressure
. Variable capacitance
. . Oil quality sensor
. Optical sensors
. Dynamic position sensors
. Rain sensor
. Actuators
. Introduction
. Testing actuators
. Motorised and solenoid actuators
. Motors
. Rotary idle speed control valve
. Stepper motors
. Solenoid actuators
. Single-point injector
. Multi-point injector
. Common rail diesel injector
. Idle speed control valve Contents ix
. Exhaust gas recirculation valve
. Carbon canister and other valves
. Thermal actuators
. Engine waveforms
. Ignition primary
. Ignition secondary
. Diesel glow plugs
. Alternator waveform
. Relative compression petrol
. Communication networks
. Introduction
. CAN
. LIN
. FlexRay
. Time-triggered CAN
. Byteflight
. Ethernet
. Summary
Acknowledgement
On-board diagnostics
. History
. Introduction
. Vehicle emissions and environmental health
. History of the emissions control legislation
. Introduction of vehicle emissions control strategies
. What is on-board diagnostics?
. OBD scenario example
. Origins of OBD in the USA
. P code composition
. European on-board diagnostics and global adoption
. Summary
. Petrol/Gasoline on-board diagnostic monitors
. Introduction
. Legislative drivers
. Component monitoring
. Rationality testing
. Circuit testing
. Catalyst monitor
. Evaporative system monitor
. Fuel system monitoring
. Exhaust gas recirculation monitor
. Secondary air monitor
. Monitors and readiness flags
. Misfire detection
. Misfire monitor
. Crank speed fluctuation
. Ionising current monitoring
. Cylinder pressure sensing
. Exhaust pressure analysis x Contents
. OBD overview
. Introduction
. OBD
. EOBD
. Features and technology of current systems
. MIL activation logic for detected malfunctions
. MIL healing
. Healing of the fault memory
. Freeze frame
. Driving cycles
. Introduction
. Europe
. USA
. Worldwide harmonized light vehicles test procedure
. Future developments in diagnostic systems
. OBD
. Diesel engines
. Rate-based monitoring
. Model-based development
. OBD security
. Summary
Acknowledgement
Engine systems
. Introduction
. Engine operation
. Four-stroke cycle
. Cylinder layouts
. Camshaft drives
. Valve mechanisms
. Valve and ignition timing
. Diagnostics – engines
. Systematic testing example
. Test equipment
. Compression tester
. Cylinder leakage tester
. Test results
. Engine fault diagnosis table
. Engine fault diagnosis table
. Fuel system
. Introduction
. Engine management
. Diagnostics – basic fuel system
. Systematic testing example
. Test equipment
. Exhaust gas analyser
. Fuel pressure gauge
. Test results
. Fuel fault diagnosis table
. Fuel fault diagnosis table Contents xi
. Ignition
. Basics
. Advance angle (timing)
. Electronic ignition
. Hall effect distributor
. Inductive distributor
. Current-limiting and closed-loop dwell
. Programmed ignition/electronic spark advance
. Distributorless ignition
. Direct ignition
. Spark plugs
. Diagnostics – ignition system
. Testing procedure
. Ignition fault diagnosis table
. Ignition components and testing
. DIS diagnostics
. Coil on plug (COP) diagnostics
. Spark plugs
. Emissions
. Introduction
. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
. Catalytic converters
. Diagnostics – emissions
. Testing procedure
. Emissions fault diagnosis table
. Fuel injection
. . Introduction
. . Injection systems
. . Fuel injection components
. . Airflow meter
. . Electronic control unit (ECU)
. . Fuel pump
. . Fuel filter
. . Lambda sensor
. . Temperature sensor
. . Fuel injectors
. . Idle or fast idle control actuator
. . Fuel pressure regulator
. . Throttle position switch
. . Fuel mixture calculation
. Diagnostics – fuel injection systems
. . Testing procedure
. . Fuel injection fault diagnosis table
. Diesel injection
. . Introduction
. . Electronic control of diesel injection
. . Common rail (CR) diesel systems
. . Diesel exhaust emissions
. . Catalytic converter diesel
. . Diesel particulate filters
. . Selective catalytic reduction xii Contents
. Diagnostics – diesel injection systems
. . Test equipment
. . Smoke meter
. . Injector tester
. . Diesel injection fault diagnosis table
. . Diesel engine smoke
. . White or grey smoke
. . Blue smoke
. . Black smoke
. . Glow plug circuit
. . Diesel systems
. Engine management
. . Introduction
. . Closed-loop lambda control
. . Engine management operation
. . Gasoline direct injection (GDI)
. . ECU calibration
. Diagnostics – combined ignition and fuel systems
. . Testing procedure
. . Combined ignition and fuel control fault diagnosis table
. . Fuel pump testing
. . Injector testing
. . ECU fuel trim diagnostics
. Air supply and exhaust systems
. . Exhaust system
. . Catalytic converters
. . Air supply system
. Diagnostics – exhaust and air supply
. . Systematic testing
. . Test results
. . Exhaust and air supply fault diagnosis table
. . Exhaust fault diagnosis table
. Cooling
. . Air-cooled system
. . Water-cooled system
. . Sealed and semi-sealed systems
. . Thermal management systems
. Diagnostics – cooling
. . Systematic testing
. . Test equipment
. . Cooling system pressure tester
. . Antifreeze tester
. . Temperature meter/thermometer
. . Test results
. . Cooling fault diagnosis table
. . Cooling fault diagnosis table
. Lubrication
. . Lubrication system
. . Oil filters Contents xiii
. . Oil pumps
. . Crankcase ventilation engine breather systems
. Diagnostics – lubrication
. . Systematic testing
. . Test equipment
. . Oil pressure test gauge
. . Vacuum gauge
. . Test results
. . Lubrication fault diagnosis table
. . Lubrication fault diagnosis table
. Batteries
. . Safety
. . Lead-acid batteries
. . Battery rating
. Diagnostics – batteries
. . Servicing batteries
. . Maintenance-free
. . Charging
. . Smart chargers
. . Battery faults
. . Testing batteries
. . Battery diagnostics
. Starting
. . Starter circuit
. . Pre-engaged starters
. . Keyless starting system
. Diagnostics – starting
. . Circuit testing procedure
. . Starting fault diagnosis table
. Charging
. . Introduction
. . Basic principles
. . Rectification of AC to DC
. . Regulation of output voltage
. . Basic charging circuits
. . Smart charging
. Diagnostics – charging
. . Testing procedure
. . Charging fault diagnosis table
Chassis systems
. Brakes
. Introduction
. Principle of hydraulic braking
. Disc and drum brake systems
. Brake adjustments
. Servo-assisted braking
. Brake fluid xiv Contents
. Diagnostics – brakes
. Systematic testing
. Test equipment
. Brake fluid tester
. Brake roller test
. Dial gauge
. Test results
. Brakes fault diagnosis table
. Brakes fault diagnosis table
. Brake hydraulic faults
. Electronic brake system bleeding
. Antilock brakes
. Introduction
. Requirements of ABS
. General system description
. ABS components
. Wheel speed sensors
. Electronic control unit
. Hydraulic modulator
. Diagnostics – antilock brakes
. Systematic testing procedure
. Antilock brakes fault diagnosis table
. Bleeding antilock brakes
. Traction control
. Introduction
. Control functions
. System operation
. Diagnostics – traction control
. Systematic testing
. Traction control fault diagnosis table
. Steering and tyres
. Construction of a tubeless radial tyre
. Steering box and rack
. Power-assisted steering
. Steering characteristics
. Camber
. Castor
. Swivel axis inclination
. Tracking
. Scrub radius
. Diagnostics – steering and tyres
. Systematic testing
. Test equipment
. Tyre pressure gauge and tread depth gauge
. Tracking gauges
. Wheel balancer
. Four-wheel alignment
. Test results
. Tyres fault diagnosis table
. Tyre inflation pressures
. Steering fault diagnosis Contents xv
. Steering, wheels and tyres fault diagnosis
. ADAS and alignment
. Suspension
. Introduction
. Suspension system layouts
. Front axle suspensions
. Rear axle suspensions
. Anti-roll bar
. Springs
. Dampers
. Diagnostics – suspension
. . Systematic testing
. . Test equipment
. . Damper tester
. . Test results
. . Suspension fault diagnosis table
. . Suspension fault diagnosis table
. Active suspension
. . Active suspension operation
. . Delphi MagneRide case study
. Diagnostics – active suspension
. . Systematic testing
. . Back to the black box
Electrical systems
. Electronic components and circuits
. Introduction
. Components
. Integrated circuits
. Digital circuits
. Electronic component testing
. Multiplexing
. Overview
. Controller area network (CAN)
. CAN data signal
. - Section of an actual electrical signal
. Local interconnect network (LIN)
. FlexRay
. Diagnostics – multiplexing
. Lighting
. External lights
. Lighting circuits
. Gas discharge lighting
. LED lighting
. Diagnostics – lighting
. Testing procedure
. Lighting fault diagnosis table
. Headlight beam setting
. Auxiliaries
. Wiper motors and linkages
. Wiper circuits xvi Contents
. Two-motor wiper system
. Headlight wipers and washers
. Indicators and hazard lights
. Brake lights
. Electric horns
. Engine cooling fan motors
. Central control
. Overview
. System and circuit diagrams
. Control units
. Diagnostics – auxiliary
. Testing procedure
. Auxiliaries fault diagnosis table
. Wiper motor and circuit testing
. In-car entertainment (ICE), security and communications
. ICE
. Security systems
. Diagnostics – ICE, security and communication
. . Testing procedure
. . ICE, security and communication system fault diagnosis table
. Body electrical systems
. . Electric seat adjustment
. . Electric mirrors
. . Electric sunroof operation
. . Door locking circuit
. . Electric window operation
. Diagnostics – body electrical
. . Testing procedure
. . Body electrical systems fault diagnosis table
. . Circuit systematic testing
. Instrumentation
. . Gauges
. . Digital instrumentation
. . Vehicle condition monitoring
. . Trip computer
. . Displays
. Diagnostics – instruments
. . Testing procedure
. . Instrumentation fault diagnosis table
. . Black box technique for instrumentation
. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC)
. . Ventilation and heating
. . Heating system – water-cooled engine
. . Heater blower motors
. . Electronic heating control
. . Air conditioning introduction
. . Air conditioning overview
. . Automatic temperature control
. . Seat heating Contents xvii
. . Screen heating
. . PTC EV heaters
. Diagnostics – HVAC
. . Testing procedure
. . Air conditioning fault diagnosis table
. . Heating and ventilation fault diagnosis table
. . Air conditioning receiver
. Cruise control
. . Introduction
. . System description
. . Components
. Diagnostics – cruise control
. . Systematic testing
. . Cruise control fault diagnosis table
. Air bags and belt tensioners
. . Introduction
. . Components and circuit
. . Seat belt tensioners
. Diagnostics – air bags and belt tensioners
. . Systematic testing
. . Air bags and belt tensioners fault diagnosis table
. . Deactivation and activation procedures
. . Deactivation procedure
. . Reactivation procedure
Transmission systems
. Manual transmission
. Clutch
. Manual gearbox
. Drive shafts and wheel bearings
. Final drive and differential
. Four-wheel drive systems
. Diagnostics – manual transmission
. Systematic testing
. Test equipment
. Stethoscope
. Test results
. Manual transmission fault diagnosis table
. Manual gearbox fault diagnosis table
. Clutch fault diagnosis table
. Drive shafts fault diagnosis table
. Final drive fault diagnosis table
. Automatic transmission
. Introduction
. Torque converter operation
. Epicyclic gearbox operation
. Constantly variable transmission
. Electronic control of transmission
. Direct shift gearbox xviii Contents
. Diagnostics – automatic transmission
. Systematic testing
. Test equipment
. Revcounter
. Pressure gauge
. Test results
. Automatic gearbox fault diagnosis table
. Automatic gearbox fault diagnosis table
. ECAT fault diagnosis table
. Automatic transmission stall test
Practical diagnostics
. Real case studies
. Introduction
. Fiat Coupe -cylinder turbo with intermittent miss on number
. BMW d – unfixable!
. Misfire after going through a flood
. BMW with melted ignition coil
. PHEV’s won’t charge when plugged in
. Audi A G . TDI Ultra, DPF
. Skoda Yeti, cruise control not working
. F service truck, cruise becomes inoperative with tail lights on
. Dodge Caravan SE (Flex Fuel) hard or no-start, poor idle quality, stall
. Volkswagen CC come in with a bulb out warning indicator
. BMW d Case Study – Engine management issues
. Iveco Daily battery light illuminated on the dashboard
. Chevrolet bus with a . Duramax diesel, ABS light on
. Renault T DTI Euro engine, fuel system fault
. Vauxhall, making a decision on a £ part
. Ford Fiesta with power loss
. Citroen DS . Diesel – no fault codes, now what?
. Citroen Dispatch cut out and would not re start
. Mitsubishi Outlander hybrid no ready mode
. Fiat panda . petrol, stalling
. And finally .
. Company case studies
. Introduction
. PicoScope: Audi A Quattro S-Line electric parking brake (EPB) failure
. Autoscope: Diagnosing an engine using the pressure waveforms
. The Automotive Technician (TaT), Australia
. Website
. Introduction
. Resources
Glossary of abbreviations and acronyms
Index xix
Index
Note: Page numbers in italics indicate
figures and bold indicate tables in the
text.
- Section (actual electrical signal),
–
EUR,
pin data link connector,
/ EEC,
/ /EC,
ABS Hall sensor, ; see also
Sensors
ABS speed sensor, – , – ;
see also Sensors
Acceleration vibration,
Accuracy
defined,
measurement process,
tools and equipment,
AC–DC, oscilloscope,
Active suspension; see also Suspension
black box,
Delphi MagneRide, –
diagnostics,
operation, – , –
systematic testing,
Actuators,
carbon canister, – ,
common rail diesel injector,
–
driver,
exhaust gas recirculation valve,
idle speed control valve,
motorised, –
motors,
multi-point injector, –
with potentiometer sensor,
rotary idle speed control valve,
– , –
single-point injector, –
solenoid, –
stepper motors, – , –
testing,
thermal actuators,
Adaptive fuel strategy in operation,
AdBlue,
Adjustments
active suspension,
brake,
fuel-trim,
incorrect,
service,
Advance angle (timing), –
Advanced driver assistance systems
(ADAS), –
Air bags and belt tensioners
components and circuit, – ,
deactivation procedure, –
deployment,
diagnostics,
fault diagnosis,
overview, –
reactivation procedure,
seat belt tensioners, – ,
systematic testing,
Air conditioning (AC), – ,
– , ; see
also Heating, ventilation and
air conditioning (HVAC)
Air-cooled system,
Air-cored gauges,
Airflow meter,
hot wire, – ,
under test,
Air fuel ratio (AFR), – ,
– ,
Air intake system,
Air Pollution Control Act,
Air springs,
Air supply
diagnostics,
restrictions in,
system,
Alternator
components,
principle,
warning light,
waveform, – , –
Ambient temperature sensor, ;
see also Sensors
Ampere-hour capacity,
Analogue meters,
Antifreeze tester,
Antilock brake system (ABS),
advantages,
bleeding,
components, – , –
diagnostics,
electronic control unit,
fault diagnosis,
general system description,
hydraulic modulator,
overview,
requirements of,
systematic testing,
wheel speed sensors, –
Anti-roll bar,
Anti-slip regulation (ASR), see Traction
control
Application programming interface
(API), –
Asymmetric dip beam pattern,
Asymmetric headlamp alignment,
Atomisation,
Automatic gearbox,
Automatic gearbox switch,
Automatic temperature control,
–
Automatic transmission; see also
Manual transmission
constantly variable transmission
(CVT),
diagnostics, – , –
direct shift gearbox (DSG),
–
electronically controlled automatic
transmission (ECAT),
epicyclic gearbox operation,
–
fault diagnosis,
fluid,
overview,
stall test,
systematic testing,
test results,
torque converter operation,
Automotive pressure transducer,
Automotive Technology Academy,
Autonomous driving,
AutoSim sensor simulator,
Auxiliaries; see also Electrical systems
body systems diagnosis,
brake lights,
circuit testing,
diagnostics, – ,
electric horns, Index
engine cooling fan motors, – ,
–
fault diagnosis,
headlight wipers and washers,
indicators and hazard lights,
– , –
systems diagnosis,
two-motor wiper system, – ,
wiper circuits,
wiper motor, – ,
Back probing connectors, –
Ballast system,
Basic controller area network
(B-CAN), –
Basic DIY, diagnostic tools, –
Basic hand tools, ; see also Tools and
equipment
Batteries, –
acid,
charger and engine starter,
charging,
conducting capability,
diagnostics, – , –
faults,
lead-acid batteries, –
maintenance-free, –
rating,
safety,
servicing,
starting tester,
tester,
testing, – ,
Before top dead centre (BTDC),
,
Belt tensioners, see Air bags and belt
tensioners
Bentley wiring harness,
Black box, – ,
Black smoke,
Bleeding antilock brakes, ; see also
Antilock brake system (ABS)
Block diagrams,
Blower motor and fan,
Blue smoke,
Bluetooth,
Body control module (BCM),
Body electrical systems; see also
Electrical systems
circuit systematic testing,
–
diagnostics, – , – ,
door locking circuit,
electric mirrors,
electric seat adjustment, – ,
electric sunroof operation, – ,
electric window operation, – ,
fault diagnosis,
Book time,
BorgWarner,
Bosch DI-Motronic, –
Bosch engine analysers,
Bosch pass-through device,
Bottom dead centre (BDC),
Brake(s)
adjustments,
diagnostics, – ,
disc/drum brakes, – ,
electronic brake system bleeding,
fault diagnosis,
fluid tester, see also Tools
and equipment
hydraulic braking system, – ,
hydraulic faults,
lights,
overview,
roller test, – ,
servo-assisted braking, – ,
–
switch,
systematic testing,
test results,
Braking effect,
Breakout box, ; see also
Black box
Brush box,
Bulbs,
– ,
Bureau of Air Sanitation,
Bureau of Smoke Control,
Byteflight,
California Air Resources Board
(CARB), – ,
California Motor Vehicle Pollution
Control Board,
California Smog Check Program,
California State Ambient Air Quality
Standards,
Camber in tyres, –
Camshaft drives, – ,
Camshaft sensors, ; see also
Sensors
Capacitors,
Carbon canister, – ,
Carbon dioxide (CO ),
– ,
Carbon monoxide (CO),
, –
Case studies
Audi A G . TDI Ultra, DPF,
– , –
Audi Q Six-cylinder,
The Automotive Technician (TaT),
Australia (case study),
– , –
Autoscope: diagnosing engine using
pressure waveforms, – ,
–
BMW d (engine management),
– , –
BMW d – unfixable! ( ),
,
BMW with melted ignition coil,
– ,
Chevrolet bus with .
Duramax diesel, ABS light
on,
Chrysler Voyager Six-cylinder,
,
Citroen Dispatch cut out and not
re start ( ), – ,
–
Citroen DS . Diesel – no fault
codes, – ,
Dodge Caravan SE (Flex Fuel) hard
or no-start, poor idle quality,
stall ( ), – ,
F service truck, cruise becomes
inoperative with tail lights on
( ),
Fiat Coupe -cylinder turbo
with intermittent miss on
number (three), – ,
–
Fiat panda . petrol, stalling,
– , –
Ford Fiesta with power loss,
–
Iveco Daily battery light illuminated
on the dashboard ( ),
– ,
Mercedes ML CDI W
Six-cylinder,
misfire after going through a flood,
– ,
Mitsubishi Outlander hybrid no
ready mode ( ), – ,
–
overview,
PHEV’s wont charge when plugged
in, – ,
PicoScope: Audi A Quattro S-Line
electric parking brake (EPB)
failure, – , –
Renault T DTI Euro engine,
fuel system fault, – ,
Skoda Yeti, cruise control not
working ( ),
Vauxhall, making decision on
£ part, – ,
Volkswagen CC with bulb out
warning indicator ( ),
– , –
Castor in tyres, –
Catalyst monitor, –
Catalytic converters, – ,
,
diesel,
lambda control on,
CAT ratings,
Central control, – , –
Central control unit (CCU),
Channels, oscilloscope, –
Charging batteries, ; see also
Batteries
Charging systems, –
circuits,
diagnostics, – ,
fault diagnosis, Index
overview, –
principles,
rectification of AC to DC,
–
regulation of output voltage,
– ,
smart charging, –
testing procedure, – ,
–
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC),
Circuits
diagrams, –
digital, –
power hood (roof),
relay operated,
screen heating,
systematic testing, –
testing, – ,
Clean Air Act Amendments of ,
Clock gauge, see Dial gauge
Closed-loop dwell,
Closed-loop lambda control,
–
Closed-loop systems,
Clutch,
Coil on plug (COP) diagnostics,
Coil on plug (COP) ignition, ;
see also Direct ignition
Coil springs, ; see also Burnt out coil
Cold cranking amps (CCA),
,
Cold running,
Cold starting,
Colour codes, – , –
Combined ignition and fuel systems;
see also Fuel system
diagnostics, –
electronic control unit (ECU),
–
fault diagnosis, –
fuel pump testing,
injector testing,
testing procedure,
Combustion knock, – ,
Common rail (CR)
diesel injector, –
diesel systems, –
Communication networks
Byteflight,
controller area network (CAN),
– ,
Ethernet, – ,
FlexRay,
local interconnect network (LIN),
,
time-triggered CAN (TT-CAN),
,
Component monitoring,
Compression ignition (CI),
Compression tester,
Concern, cause, correction (CCC),
–
Connected autonomous vehicle (CAV),
Connectors, see Back probing
connectors; DLC OBD /EOBD
connector
Constant-dwell electronic ignition
systems,
Constant energy,
Constantly variable transmission
(CVT),
Controller area network (CAN),
– , – , ;
see also Time-triggered CAN
(TT-CAN)
breakout box,
bus,
communication standard,
current sensor,
data signal, – ,
diagnostics, – , –
ECU,
information sharing,
ISO CAN,
local interconnect network (LIN),
,
multiplexing, – , –
signals,
test box,
time-triggered, –
Control units, – , – ,
,
Coolant temperature sensors (CTSs),
– ,
Cooling systems, –
air-cooled system,
diagnostics, – , –
fault diagnosis, –
pressure tester, –
sealed systems, –
semi-sealed systems, –
systematic testing,
test results,
thermal management systems,
water-cooled system, –
Copper-cored spark plug, ; see also
Spark plugs
Corrosion in the connection plug,
Costs, – ,
Crankcase ventilation engine breather
systems, –
Crankshaft sensors (CAS),
–
Crank speed fluctuation,
Crash sensor, ; see also Sensors
Cruise control; see also Electrical
systems
components,
diagnostics,
fault diagnosis,
overview, –
system description,
Cruise or light loads,
Current-limiting dwell,
Current measurements,
Customer, –
Cyclic redundancy check (CRC),
–
Cylinder balance,
Cylinder identification (CID) sensor,
; see also Sensors
Cylinder layouts, –
Cylinder leakage tester,
Cylinder pressure sensing/sensor,
– ,
Dampers, – ,
Darlington pair,
Davies, G.,
Day running lights,
Decade box,
Deceleration vibration,
Defective or incorrect injectors,
Delphi MagneRide, –
Detent mechanism,
Diagnostic(s), – , – ;
see also Electrical diagnostic
techniques; On-board
diagnostics (OBD)
in action,
active suspension,
air bags and belt tensioners,
,
air supply,
antilock brake system (ABS),
,
art of, –
automatic transmission, – ,
, –
auxiliaries, – ,
batteries, – , –
body electrical systems, – ,
– ,
brakes, – ,
charge/charging systems, – ,
, – ,
coil on plug (COP),
combined ignition and fuel systems,
–
concern, cause, correction (CCC),
, –
controller area network (CAN),
– , –
cooling systems, – ,
–
costs,
cruise control,
defined,
diesel injection, – ,
–
distributorless ignition system (DIS),
efficiency,
electrical diagnostic techniques,
–
emissions,
engine systems, – ,
–
fuel injection,
fuel system, – ,
heating, ventilation and air
conditioning (HVAC),
,
ignition, – , – Index
in-car entertainment (ICE) system,
,
instrumentation,
lighting, – , – ,
lubrication, –
manual transmission, –
mechanical diagnostic techniques,
– ,
multiplexing, – , –
on paper,
pass-through device, – , –
process, –
real-world, –
root cause analysis (RCA), – ,
sensors, –
sequence, –
six-stage process,
skill,
starters/starting, – ,
steering and tyres, – ,
– , –
suspension, – ,
systems diagnostics, – , –
terminology, –
testing,
traction control (TCR),
Diagnostic link connector (DLC),
,
Diagnostic scanners, – ; see also
Tools and equipment
Snap-on Verdict,
TopDon Artipad , – ,
VCDS,
Diagnostic tools, – ; see also Tools
and equipment
ArtiPad, –
basic DIY, –
diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs),
,
engine analysers,
live data, –
OBD signal protocols, –
on-board diagnostics,
serial port communications,
VCDS, –
Diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs),
diagnostic tools,
priority numbers,
Dial gauge,
Dial test indicator (DTI), see Dial gauge
Diesel engines,
camshaft drive gears,
exhaust emissions from,
high-speed,
smoke, –
throttle,
white smoke,
Diesel exhaust emissions, ; see also
Emissions
Diesel glow plug,
Diesel injection, –
catalytic converter diesel,
common rail (CR), –
diagnostics, – , –
diesel engine smoke, –
diesel particulate filter (DPF),
– , –
diesel systems,
electronic control, –
exhaust emissions,
fault diagnosis,
glow plug circuit, –
overview, –
Diesel particulate filter (DPF),
– , –
Diesel systems,
Digital battery testers, ; see also
Tools and equipment
Digital circuits, –
Digital instrumentation,
Digital multimeter,
Diodes, see Zener diodes
Direct ignition, –
Direct shift gearbox (DSG),
–
Disc/drum brakes, – , ;
see also Brake(s)
Displays, –
Distributorless ignition system (DIS),
, – ,
DLC OBD /EOBD connector,
Door locking circuit,
Drive shafts
with constant velocity joints,
fault diagnosis,
semi-trailing arms,
wheel bearings and, – ,
Driving cycles, –
Dual-resistance self-testing system,
Dwell,
closed-loop,
coil’s primary circuit,
correction map,
current-limiting,
ignition,
ignition timing and,
maps,
Dynamic position sensors, –
Efficiency
battery,
catalyst,
catalytic converter,
combustion,
cylinder,
diagnostics,
engine,
fluid flywheel,
ignition advance angle,
thermal,
transmission,
volumetric,
Electrical diagnostic techniques,
– ; see also Diagnostic(s)
analogue meters,
back probing connectors, –
black box technique, –
checking the obvious,
colour codes, – , –
faultfinding by luck or logic, – ,
flight recorder tests,
generic procedures,
on and off load tests,
sensor to ECU method,
short-circuit testing,
terminal numbers,
test lights,
volt drop testing,
Electrically operated diesel fuel
injector,
Electrical systems; see also Auxiliaries;
Body electrical systems;
Heating, ventilation and
air conditioning (HVAC);
Lighting; Multiplexing
capacitors,
components and circuits, – ,
digital circuits, –
electronic component testing,
–
integrated circuits (ICs),
transistors, –
Electric exhaust gas recirculation
(EEGR) valve,
Electric horns,
Electric mirrors,
Electric seat adjustment, – ,
Electric shock,
Electric stability program (ESP),
Electric sunroof operation, – ,
Electric vehicle,
Electric window operation, – ,
Electrohydraulic valve block,
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC),
–
Electronically controlled automatic
transmission (ECAT),
,
Electronically controlled dampers,
Electronic brake system bleeding,
Electronic component testing,
–
Electronic control of diesel injection,
–
Electronic control unit (ECU),
–
antilock brake system (ABS),
black box,
calibration, – , – ,
control ignition timing variation,
corrections,
engine management,
,
fuel injection,
fuel trim diagnostics, – ,
–
gasoline engine,
glow plug circuit, –
ignition, Index
memory, – ,
,
phase correction,
programming,
reprogramming, –
self-diagnosis circuits,
sensor,
signals,
transmission,
Electronic diesel control (EDC),
Electronic heating control, –
Electronic ignition, – , ; see
also Ignition
Electronic Industries Association
(EIA),
Electronic spark advance (ESA),
– , –
Emissions, –
catalytic converters, – ,
control legislation, –
diagnostics,
diesel exhaust,
exhaust,
exhaust gas recirculation (EGR),
, –
fault diagnosis,
limits,
sources,
systems diagnosis chart,
testing, – ,
Engine(s); see also Diesel engines
accessory vibration,
analysers,
cooling fan motors, – ,
–
noises,
rpm sensitive,
Engine management, –
closed-loop lambda control,
–
components,
electronic control unit (ECU),
, – ,
– ,
faultfinding chart,
fuel system,
gasoline direct injection (GDI),
– ,
operation, –
overview, –
Engine systems, – ; see also
Emissions; Fuel injection; Fuel
system; Ignition; Lubrication
air supply system,
batteries, –
camshaft drives, –
catalytic converters,
charging systems, –
cooling systems, –
cylinder layouts, –
diagnostics, – , –
diesel injection, –
emissions, – ,
engine management, –
exhaust system,
four-stroke cycle, –
fuel injection, –
fuel system, – ,
ignition, –
lubrication, –
management,
operation, – , –
starters/starting, –
test results,
valve mechanisms,
Engine waveforms
alternator, – , –
diesel glow plug,
ignition primary, –
ignition secondary, – ,
–
relative compression petrol,
– , –
Environmental health, –
Epicyclic gearbox operation,
–
Equipment, see Tools and equipment
Ethernet, – ,
European Directive / EEC,
European Directive / /EC,
European emission standards for
passenger cars,
European on-board diagnostics
(EOBD),
– ,
Evaporative emissions control system,
Evaporative system monitor, –
Exhaust analyser, –
Exhaust gases,
analyser,
measurement,
Exhaust gas oxygen (EGO) sensors,
,
Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR),
, – ,
–
Exhaust pressure analysis,
Exhaust system,
Exhaust valve,
Exhaust valve timing ,
External lights,
Extra-urban driving cycle (EUDC),
Failure mode effects management
(FMEM),
Fast controller area network (F-CAN),
– ,
Fault codes, see Diagnostic trouble
codes (DTCs)
Faultfinding,
black box,
chart,
engine management,
fuel injection engine,
by luck or logic, – ,
by playing the odds,
Fault memory, healing of,
Faulty cold starting equipment,
Faulty compression waveform,
Federal Motor Vehicle Act of ,
Federal Test Procedure (FTP),
Field effect transistor (FET),
Filter, see Fuel filter
Final drive and differential,
Fire,
Fishbone diagram, –
Fixed exhaust gas measuring
equipment, ; see also Tools
and equipment
Flexible time division multiple access
(FTDMA),
FlexRay, – , – ,
Flight recorder tests,
Flir thermal camera ,
Fluke Automotive multimeter,
Four-stroke cycle, –
Four-stroke diesel engine,
Four-wheel alignment, – ,
Four-wheel drive ( WD) systems,
–
Freeze frame,
Friction damper,
Front axle suspensions,
Front bearings,
Front spot and fog lights,
Front suspension struts,
Fuel fault diagnosis,
Fuel filter, – ,
,
Fuel injection, – ; see also
Injection systems
advantage,
airflow meter,
air/fuel ratio,
components, – ,
diagnostics,
electronic control unit (ECU),
fault diagnosis,
fuel filter,
fuel injectors,
fuel mixture calculation, –
fuel pressure regulator,
fuel pump,
idle or fast idle control actuator,
injection systems, – ,
–
lambda sensor,
overview, –
principle,
system diagnosis chart,
system layout,
temperature sensor,
throttle position switch,
Fuel injectors,
Fuel injector voltage vs. fuel pressure,
Fuel mass,
Fuel mixture calculation, –
Fuel pressure,
gauge,
regulator,
Fuel pump, Index
Fuel system; see also Combined
ignition and fuel systems
diagnostics, – ,
engine management,
monitoring, –
overview,
test results,
Fuel trim diagnostics, – ,
–
Function-System-Connection (FSC),
Fuse/relay distribution box,
Gas discharge lighting (GDL),
Gasoline direct injection (GDI),
– ,
Gauges,
Gear selection interlocks,
General electronic module (GEM),
,
Generic procedures,
Glow plug circuit, –
Good compression waveform,
Good cylinder waveform,
Grey smoke,
GYS Battery Charger/Saver,
Haagen-Smit, A.,
Hall effect distributor, –
Hall effect distributor pick-up,
Hall effect sensors, – ,
Hardware-in-loop (HIL) simulation,
Headlights/headlamp,
alignment,
beam setting, – , –
wipers and washers,
Headway sensor, ; see also
Sensors
Healing of the fault memory,
Heated exhaust gas oxygen (HEGO)
sensor, ; see also Sensors
Heater blower motors, –
Heating, ventilation and air
conditioning (HVAC)
air conditioning (AC), – ,
–
automatic temperature control,
–
diagnostics,
electronic heating control, –
heater blower motors, –
heating system (water-cooled
engine),
PTC EV heaters,
screen heating,
seat heating,
system diagnosis chart,
ventilation and heating, –
Heating system (water-cooled engine),
,
High engine temperature warning
light,
High-rate discharge tester,
High speed vibration, ; see also
Vibration
High-tension distribution,
High voltage batteries,
High voltage electric shock,
High voltages and safety, oscilloscope,
High voltage vehicles, –
Hot and cold spark plugs,
Hot wire airflow sensor, – ,
Hot wire MAF sensor,
Hydraulic braking system, – ,
Hydraulic modulator,
Hydrocarbons (HC),
, – ,
Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC),
Hydropneumatic springs,
IBooster,
Idle or fast idle control actuator,
Idle speed control valve (ISCV),
,
IEEE . ,
Ignition, –
advance angle (timing),
basics, –
components and testing,
control,
diagnostics, – , –
direct, –
distributorless, – ,
electronic, – ,
electronic spark advance (ESA),
– , –
fault diagnosis,
Hall effect distributor,
–
inductive distributor,
primary waveform, –
programmed, – ,
secondary waveform, – ,
–
spark plugs, – , –
timing, – ,
IMI TechSafe,
In-car entertainment (ICE) system; see
also Electrical systems
circuit,
diagnostics,
display and sub-woofer,
overview, –
security systems, –
In-car temperature sensors, ; see
also Sensors
Incorrect fuel injection pump timing,
Incorrect valve clearances,
Indicated mean effective pressure
(IMEP),
Indicators and hazard lights, – ,
–
Induced voltage,
Inductive ammeter clamp,
Inductive distributor, – ,
Inductive sensors, – , ; see also
Sensors
Inflation pressures,
Injection systems, – , –
Injector tester/testing,
Inlet valve closes (IVC),
Inlet valve opens (IVO),
Instrumentation
black box technique for,
circuit,
diagnosis chart,
diagnostics,
digital instrumentation,
displays, –
fault diagnosis,
gauges,
trip computer,
vehicle condition monitoring
(VCM), –
Insulation tester, ; see also Tools
and equipment
Intake pressure vs. injector voltage vs.
secondary waveform,
Integrated circuits (ICs),
Integrated traction control system,
Invasive measurement,
Ionising current monitoring, – ,
–
ISO – ,
ISO KWP ,
ISO CAN,
J VCI, –
Keep alive memory (KAM),
Keyless starting system,
Kick down test,
King pin inclination, see Swivel axis
inclination
Knock sensor, – , –
Lambda control, –
Lambda maps,
Lambda sensor,
Lambda sensor signal fuelling error,
Lead-acid batteries, –
Lead antimony (PbSb),
Lead calcium (PbCa),
Leaf springs,
Leaking cylinder head gasket,
Legislative drivers, –
Lever-type damper,
Light-emitting diode (LED), – ,
,
, ; see also Liquid
crystal display (LCD)
Lighting
circuits, – ,
,
diagnostics, – , – ,
external lights,
fault diagnosis,
features,
gas discharge lighting (GDL),
headlight beam setting, – ,
– Index
LED,
system diagnostics,
Liquid crystal display (LCD), – ;
see also Light-emitting diode
(LED)
Live data, diagnostic tools, –
Loading effect,
Load or acceleration,
Local interconnect network (LIN),
, – , – ,
, –
Logical process for diagnosing,
Logic probe,
Long-term fuel trim (LTFT),
– ,
Low boost pressure,
Low fuel warning,
Low tyre pressure warning symbol,
Lubrication, –
crankcase ventilation engine
breather systems, –
diagnostics, –
fault diagnosis,
oil filters,
oil pumps, –
system,
systematic testing,
test results,
MagneRide magneto-rheological (MR)
fluid-based system,
Main switch and warning lamp,
Maintenance-free, –
Making connections, oscilloscope,
Malfunction indicator lamp (MIL),
, – ,
, – ,
,
Manifold absolute pressure (MAP),
– ,
Manifold/port fuel injector,
Manual gearbox, – , –
Manual transmission; see also
Automatic transmission
clutch,
diagnostics, –
drive shafts and wheel bearings,
, –
fault diagnosis,
final drive and differential,
four-wheel drive ( WD) systems,
, –
manual gearbox, – ,
–
systematic testing,
test results,
Mass airflow (MAF) sensor,
– ,
Master cylinder operation,
MaxiScan,
Mechanical diagnostic techniques,
– ; see also Diagnostic(s)
checking obvious,
engine noises,
noise, vibration and harshness
(NVH),
noise conditions,
road test, –
vibration conditions, –
Mechanical system,
Megger,
Meter resistance,
Misfire detection, – ,
crank speed fluctuation,
cylinder pressure sensing, – ,
exhaust pressure analysis,
ionising current monitoring,
– , –
misfire monitor, – , –
Misfire monitor, – , –
Mobile exhaust gas measuring
equipment, ; see also Tools
and equipment
Model-based development,
Modified New European Driving Cycle
(MNEDC),
Monitors and readiness flags,
–
Motorised actuators, – ; see also
Actuators
Motorola HC ,
Motor reverse circuit,
Motors, – , – , –
Motor Vehicle Emissions Group
(MVEG),
Motor Vehicle Pollution Control
Board,
Motronic M with OBD ,
Moving loads,
Mulford-Carrell Air Resources
Act,
Multifunction unit (MFU),
Multimeters, – , –
advantages and disadvantages,
with amp clamp connected,
categories,
functions,
taking measurements,
Multiplate twin clutch,
Multiplexing
- Section (actual electrical
signal), –
controller area network (CAN),
– , –
diagnostics, – , –
FlexRay, – , –
local interconnect network (LIN),
– , –
overview, – , –
Multi-point injector, –
National Association of Broadcasters
(NAB),
National Radio Systems Committee
(NRSC),
Negative temperature coefficient
(NTC),
New European Driving Cycle (NEDC),
, – ,
Nitrogen oxides (NOx),
– ,
Noise
conditions,
engine,
non-axle,
oscilloscope,
vibration and,
Noise, vibration and harshness (NVH),
,
Non-axle noise,
Non-invasive measurement,
oscilloscope, –
Normal driving speeds,
NOx reduction Bosch Denoxtronic .,
NVH diagnostics kit,
OBD , – , ; see also
On-board diagnostics (OBD)
OBD , – , ; see also
On-board diagnostics (OBD)
adoption on,
breakout box,
CANbus port,
codes,
compliant vehicles,
connector,
functions,
misfire detection algorithms,
monitoring requirements,
Motronic M with,
signal protocols, –
standards,
OBD , – ; see also On-board
diagnostics (OBD)
Ohmmeter testing,
Oil filters,
Oil pressure,
Oil pumps, –
Oil quality sensor, ; see also Sensors
On and off load tests,
On-board diagnostics (OBD),
, ; see also Misfire
detection; OBD ; OBD
connector,
described, –
diesel engines,
driving cycles, –
in Europe, –
European on-board diagnostics
(EOBD), – ,
future developments, –
history, –
legislative drivers, –
malfunction indicator lamp (MIL)
misfire detection, –
model-based development,
overview, –
P code composition, –
petrol/gasoline monitors, –
rate-based monitoring,
security, –
in the United States, –
On-board measurement (OBM), Index
Open-loop systems, – ,
Operation
active suspension, – , –
adaptive fuel strategy in,
electric sunroof, – ,
electric window, – ,
engine management, –
engine systems, – , –
epicyclic gearbox, –
Hall effect pulse generator,
master cylinder,
oscilloscope, –
Optical sensors, ; see also Sensors
Order of magnitude,
Oscilloscopes, –
AC–DC,
channels, –
high voltages and safety,
making connections,
noise,
non-invasive measurement, –
operation, –
PicoScope, – ,
pressure sensor,
screen,
Snap-on Verdict, – ,
transducer, – ,
vibration,
waveform library,
wiggly lines,
Output voltage, – ,
Overhead cam (OHC),
Overhead valve (OHV),
Overrun,
Oxygen sensor(s), – , –
Titania, – , –
Zirconia, – , –
Particulate matter (PM),
Passive anti-theft system (PATS),
Passive regeneration,
Pass-through device, – , –
P code composition, –
Personal protective equipment (PPE),
Petrol/gasoline fuel injection systems,
Petrol/gasoline monitors, –
catalyst monitor, –
circuit testing,
component monitoring,
evaporative system monitor, –
exhaust gas recirculation monitor
fuel system monitoring, –
legislative drivers, –
monitors and readiness flags, –
rationality testing,
secondary air monitor,
Pico -channel scope,
Pico Automotive Diagnostics Kits,
PicoScope,
current measurement,
four-channel master kit,
oscilloscope, – ,
software,
two-channel starter kit,
PicoTech,
Pico Technology pressure transducer,
Piezo accelerometer, – ,
Piezoelectric effect,
Plastic optic fibre (POF),
Plenum chamber,
Polarity peak,
Poor compressions,
Power-assisted steering, ;
see also Steering and tyres
Power flows,
Power hood (roof) circuit,
Powertrain control module (PCM)
Pre-engaged starters, – , – ;
see also Starters/starting
Pressure; see also Fuel pressure;
Oil pressure
analysis, –
automotive transducer,
exhaust analysis,
gauge,
inflation,
low boost,
testing, –
Pressure conscious valve (PCV),
Pressure sensors, – ; see also Sensors
oscilloscope,
waveform and,
Price charge, –
Programmed ignition, – ,
Propshaft with universal joints (RWD)
PTC EV heaters,
Pulse width modulation (PWM)
Radio broadcast data system (RBDS)
Radio data system (RDS),
Rain sensors, ; see also Sensors
Raising or lifting vehicles,
Rate-based monitoring,
Rationality testing,
Ravigneaux gear set,
Readiness flags and monitors, –
Read only memory (ROM)
Real-world diagnostics, – ; see also
Diagnostic(s)
costs,
customer, –
price charge, –
training,
Rear axle suspensions, ; see also
Suspension
Rear bearings,
Rear fog lights,
Rear lights,
Rectification of AC to DC, –
Refrigerant, –
Relative compression petrol
Relay operated circuit,
Report writing, –
Reserve capacity,
Resistance measurements,
Revcounter,
Reverse lights,
Risk assessment,
Risk identifying,
Risk reduction,
Road speed,
Road speed sensor (Hall effect), – ,
Road test, –
Roller cell pump,
Root cause analysis (RCA), – ,
Rotary idle speed control valve
Rubber springs,
Running engines,
RWD automatic gearbox,
SAE J PWM (pulse-width
modulation), –
SAE J VPW (variable pulse width)
SAE J connector,
Safe working practices, –
high voltage vehicles, –
IMI TechSafe,
overview,
risk assessment,
risk reduction,
Scanner health report,
Screen heating,
Scrub radius,
Sealed systems, –
Sealey pocket multimeter,
Seat belt tensioners, – ,
Seat heating,
Secondary air monitor,
Security systems, –
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
Semi-sealed systems, –
Sensors; see also specific sensors
ABS Hall sensor,
ABS speed sensor, – , –
airflow meter (hot wire), – ,
ambient temperature,
camshaft sensors,
circuit,
coolant temperature sensors (CTSs)
crankshaft sensors, –
diagnostics, –
dynamic position sensors, –
ECU,
fuel pressure,
Hall effect sensors, – ,
hot wire airflow sensor, – ,
inductive sensors, – ,
knock sensor, – , –
manifold absolute pressure (MAP)
mass airflow (MAF) sensor, –
oil quality sensor,
optical sensors,
oxygen sensor (Titania), – , –
oxygen sensor (Zirconia), – ,
– Index
oxygen sensors, – , –
Piezo accelerometer, – ,
pressure sensors, –
rain sensors,
road speed sensor (Hall effect)
simulator, – ,
strain gauge,
thermistors, –
throttle position potentiometer
vane-type airflow meter
variable capacitance, –
variable resistance, –
Serial port communications, diagnostic
tools,
Service or inspection interval warning
lights,
Servicing batteries, ; see also Batteries
Servo-assisted braking
Set and resume switches,
Shake and vibration, ; see also
Vibration
Short-circuits,
Short-term fuel trim (STFT),
– ,
Sidelights,
Silver electrodes,
Simple relay operated circuit,
Simulator, see AutoSim sensor
simulator
Single board computer (SBC),
Single-point injector, –
Single-tube telescopic damper,
Six-stage diagnostics process,
Skin problems,
Smart battery charger,
Smart chargers,
Smart charging, –
Smoke, –
Snap-on Verdict, – ,
Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)
Software,
PicoScope,
VCDS,
Solar light sensor, ; see also Sensors
Solenoid actuators, – ; see also
Actuators
Solenoid contacts,
Solenoid-valve controlled radial-piston
distributor pump,
Spark ignition (SI),
engine cranking amps,
engines,
Spark plugs, –
carbon fouled (platinum plug),
carbon fouled (standard plug)
copper-cored,
damaged insulation,
deposits,
electrode gaps, –
examination,
hot and cold,
new,
overheating,
Speed sensor, ; see also Sensors
Springs, ; see also
Hydropneumatic springs
Stall test,
Standard time,
Starters/starting, –
circuit, – , –
diagnostics, – ,
fault diagnosis,
keyless starting system,
pre-engaged starters
ring gear and,
starter circuit, –
State of charge (SOC),
State-of-health (SOH), – ,
Steady reading of temperature gauge,
Steering and tyres
advanced driver assistance systems
(ADAS), –
alignment, –
camber, –
castor, –
characteristics, –
diagnostics
fault diagnosis, –
four-wheel alignment
inflation pressures,
power-assisted steering,
scrub radius,
steering box and rack,
swivel axis inclination,
systematic testing,
test results,
tracking,
tubeless radial tyre,
Stepper motors, – , –
Stethoscope,
Strain gauge,
Supplementary Federal Test Procedure
(SFTP),
Supplementary restraint systems (SRS)
Suspension; see also Active suspension
anti-roll bar,
dampers,
diagnostics, – ,
fault diagnosis,
front axle,
overview,
rear axle,
springs,
systematic testing,
system layouts, – , –
test results,
Swivel axis inclination,
Systematic testing
active suspension,
air bags and belt tensioners
antilock brakes,
automatic transmission,
basic fuel system, –
brakes,
circuit, –
cooling,
cruise control,
engines,
exhaust and air supply,
lubrication,
manual transmission,
steering and tyres,
suspension,
traction control,
System block diagram,
System layouts, suspension
System operation, traction control
Systems diagnostics, – , –
Systems in systems representation,
Temperature meter/thermometer
Temperature sensor,
Tensioners, see Air bags and belt
tensioners
see air bags and belt tensioners
Terminal adapters,
Terminal numbers,
Tester, battery charging and starting
Tests/testing; see also Systematic testing
actuators,
automatic transmission,
batteries, – ,
brakes,
charging,
cooling systems,
cranking,
diagnostic methods,
engine systems,
equipment, see Tools and equipment
fuel system,
injector,
leads and adapters,
lights,
lubrication,
manual transmission,
procedure
starter circuit,
steering and tyres,
suspension,
Thermal actuators,
Thermal camera,
Thermal capacity of spark plug,
Thermal gauges,
Thermal management systems (TMS),
Thermistors, –
Three C’s in diagnostics, see Concern,
cause, correction (CCC)
Three-speed motor control circuit,
Three-way catalyst,
Three-way catalytic (TWC) converter,
, Index
Throttle control,
Throttle opening,
Throttle position potentiometer,
Throttle position switch,
Time-triggered CAN (TT-CAN),
; see also Controller area
network (CAN)
Tools and equipment, –
accuracy,
actuator driver,
antifreeze tester,
basic hand tools,
battery tester,
brake fluid tester,
brake roller test, – ,
breakout box,
compression tester,
cooling system pressure tester,
–
cylinder leakage tester,
damper tester,
diagnostic scanners, –
diagnostic tools, –
electronic control unit,
emission testing, –
exhaust gas analyser,
faulty cold starting,
fuel pressure gauge,
hydraulic modulator,
injector tester,
insulation tester,
logic probe,
multimeter, – , –
oil pressure test gauge,
oscilloscope, –
pressure gauge,
pressure testing, –
range of, –
revcounter,
sensor simulator, – ,
smoke meter,
stethoscope,
temperature meter/thermometer,
thermal camera,
tracking gauges,
tread depth gauge,
tyre pressure gauge,
vacuum gauge,
wheel balancer,
wheel speed sensors, –
Top dead centre (TDC),
Torque converter operation,
Torsion bar springs,
Touchscreen display,
Tracking gauges,
Tracking of tyres,
Traction control (TCR)
diagnostics,
functions,
overview,
system operation, – ,
Transducer,
Transistors, – ,
Transistor-transistor-logic (TTL),
Transmission pressure testing points,
Transmission systems, see Automatic
transmission; Manual
transmission
Tread depth gauge,
Tread wear patterns,
Trip computer,
Tubeless radial tyre, ; see also
Steering and tyres
Turner, M.,
Twin-tube gas damper,
Twin-tube telescopic damper,
Two-motor wiper system, – ,
Two-speed, twin cooling fan circuit,
Tyre pressure gauge,
Tyres, see Steering and tyres
Uni-T amp clamp multimeter,
US Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA),
Vacuum gauge,
Valve and ignition timing, – ,
Valve clearance error,
Valve mechanisms,
Vane-or flap-type airflow sensor,
Vane-type airflow meter, – ,
Variable capacitance, – ,
Variable rate damper,
Variable resistance, –
VCDS,
diagnostic tools, –
software,
tyre pressure warning fault code,
Vehicle battery components,
Vehicle communication interfaces
(VCIs)
Vehicle condition monitoring (VCM)
Vehicle emissions
Vehicle identification number (VIN)
Vehicle systems,
Very large scale integration (VLSI)
Vibration; see also Acceleration
vibration; Deceleration
vibration
conditions, –
engine accessory,
high speed,
oscilloscope,
shake and,
Voltage
measurements,
reading,
regulator,
ripple show,
testing,
withstand,
Volt drop testing, ; see also
Tests/testing
Water-cooled system, –
Waveform library, oscilloscope,
Wheel balancer,
Wheel speed sensors, – ;
see also Sensors
White smoke,
Wiggly lines, oscilloscope,
Wiper circuits, – ;
see also Circuits
Wiper motor
Worldwide harmonized light vehicles
test procedure (WLTP),
WPS X Pressure Transducer,
Xenon lighting,
Zener diodes,
Zirconium dioxide (ZrO ), – ,
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