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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Trends in Supply Chain Design and Management - Technologies and Methodologies Hosang Jung, F. Frank Chen and Bongju Jeong (Eds.)
![كتاب Trends in Supply Chain Design and Management - Technologies and Methodologies T_i_s_10](https://i.servimg.com/u/f61/15/36/74/14/t_i_s_10.jpg) و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents List of Contributors xi Part I. Trends in Technologies 1. A Systems Approach to Viable RFID Implementation in the Supply Chain Can Saygin, Jagannathan Sarangapani and Scott E.Grasman 3 2. Applications of RFID in Supply Chains Gary M. Gaukler and Ralf W. Seifert .29 3. A Tool Set for Exploring the Value of RFID in a Supply Chain Ying Tat Leung, Feng Cheng, Young M. Lee, and James J. Hennessy 49 4. The Effect of RFID on Inventory Management and Control Uttarayan Bagchi, Alfred L. Guiffrida, Liam O’Neill, Amy Z. Zeng, and Jack C. Hayya .71 5. Mobile Supply Chain Event Management Using Auto-ID and Sensor Technologies – A Simulation Approach Frank Teuteberg and Ingmar Ickerott .93 6. Impact of Information Technology on Supply Chain Management Enver Yücesan 127 7. An Agent-based Approach to Enhance Supply Chain Agility in a Heterogeneous Environment Chun-Che Huang, Tzu-Liang (Bill) Tseng, Hong-Fu Chuang, and Yu-NengFan 149viii Contents Part II. Trends in Methodologies Supply Chain Design 8. Design of Reverse Logistics Networks for MultiProducts, Multistates, and Multiprocessing Alternatives Marc Chouinard, Sophie D’Amours, and Daoud Aït-Kadi .181 9. Transforming the Government Value Chain: Emerging Business Models and Enabling Technologies Nikolaos A. Panayiotou, Stavros T. Ponis, and Sotiris P. Gayialis .213 10. Beyond Partnerships: The Power of Lean Supply Chains Leonardo Rivera, Hung-da Wan, F. Frank Chen, and Woo Min Lee .241 11. Diverse Production and Distribution Models in Supply Chains: A Semiconductor Industry Case Young Hoon Lee and Kyung Hwan Kang 269 Decentralized Supply Chains 12. Decentralized Supply Chain Planning for Two Classified Supply Chains Hosang Jung and F. Frank Chen .289 13. Multiagent System Approach for Dynamic Lot-sizing in Supply Chains Seokcheon Lee and Soundar Kumara 311 14. Integrating Transport into Supply Chains: Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) Andrew Potter, Denis R. Towill, and Stephen M. Disney 331Contents ix Supply Chain Uncertainty 15. Supply Uncertainty and Diversification: A Review M. Mahdi Tajbakhsh, Saeed Zolfaghari, and Chi-Guhn Lee .345 16. Quantitative Robustness Index Design for Supply Chain Networks Ming Dong and F. Frank Chen 369 17. Impact of Reducing Uncertainty in European Supply Chains Paul Childerhouse and Denis R. Towill .393 Available-To-Promise 18. Analyzing the Effectiveness of the Availability Management Process Young M. Lee .411 About the Editors 437 Index 439 Index A Abstraction-mechanism specification, 160 Accessibility, 182, 188, 201, 379, 386, 387, 389, Activity sampling, 397 Advanced planning systems, 93, 120, 138 Agency, 153, 154, 162–164, 166, 169, 172, 181, 218, 232, 325 Agent collaborative agent, 106, 124, 290, 291, 294 manufacturer agent, 299 distributor agent, 299 control agents, 154, 155, 163, 165, 167, 168 flow control agent, 165, 168 inventory control agent, 165, 168 production control agent, 165 supply control agent, 165 problem-solving agents, 153, 155, 159, 165 data management agent, 159, 165 simulation agent, 160, 165 structural agents, 154, 165 distribution center agent, 165 external supply agent, 165 manufacturing plant agent, 165, 168 marketing agent, 165, 166, 168 retailer agent, 165, 168 supply agent, 165, 327 transportation agent, 154, 155, 165 Agent architecture, 105, 121, 123, 153, 160–163, 175, 325, 326, 328 agent body, 163 agent repository, 163, 164, 166 agent-based annotation process, 157 basic agent architecture, 153, 163 information and interface agent, 155, 156, 159 intelligent agents, 123, 152, 160, 172, 173, 175, 311, 330 multiagents, 153 Agent platform, 99, 109, 114, 115, 121, 122 Agent technology, 95, 97, 99, 106, 107, 124, 125, 149, 152, 171, 175, 312, 325, 326, 330, agile business processes, 150 agile supply chain processes, 150 agility enablers, 150, 167, 169, 172 Algorithm, 19–22, 37, 77, 108–110, 153, 158, 174, 192, 211, 291, 311, 315, 317, 321, 327–329, 349, 358, 369, 381, 382, 387, 416 Alternative configurations, 167, 169, 172 Annotation mechanism, 155 5W1H, 156, 162440 Index annotated knowledge, 155–157 annotation process, 155–157 Articulation rules, 157–159 Articulation mechanism, 149, 155, 157, 158, 169, 172 Assemble-to-order, 132, 375 Assembly, 6, 7, 22, 23, 27, 36–38, 46, 47, 117–119, 185, 187, 192, 193, 199, 203, 204, 207, 243, 269–271, 352, 356, 367, 370, 374, 376, 390, 396, 418 operation, 47, 376 Asset tracking, 10, 23, 38 Auction, 143, 147, 177, 225, 232, 291, 309, 315, 317–322, 324, 326, 327, 329, 330 Audit results, 401, 402 Authentication, 27, 38, 39, 227, 232 Auto ID, 25, 26, 32 auto ID center, 25, 26, 32 Automated pipeline inventory and order based production control system (APIOBPCS), 334 Automated storage and retrieval system (AS/RS), 15, 22 Automatic articulation generator, 158 Autonomy, 99, 108, 226 B Backroom, 33, 34, 61, 75 Balance-production, 269, 271, 274, 276–278, 282, 284 Bar code, 4, 30, 31, 33, 37, 41, 44, 46, 50, 54, 56, 57, 64, 71, 73, 74, 83, 87–91, 97, 254 Base stock, 377 level, 377 Baseline, 6, 21, 23, 74, 75, 334, 339, 342, 400–403, 407 Batch sizes, 335, 340 Batch-and-queue, 264, 397, 399, 400 Bayesian, 371 network, 371 Behavior performance deteriorating, 372 Benchmark ontology, 157 direct benefits, 50, 52, 54, 56–58, 61, 66, 68, 69 indirect benefits, 54, 58, 59, 60, 61, 68, 69 Best practice, 238, 309, 393, 394, 402, 406–408 Bidding, 143, 147, 318–321, 326, 329 Bill of materials (BOM), 183, 185, 193, 194, 201 Building block, 129, 130, 139, 241, 249, 250, 259, 265, 266, 362, 366, 374, 381, 418, 421, 423 basic, 265, 381 Bullwhip effect, 10, 58, 70, 77, 78, 101, 118, 147, 248, 313, 315, 325, 327, 328, 331, 338 Bullwhip phenomenon, 133, 134, 137 Business case, 4, 24, 31, 49–53, 60, 61, 69, 89, 138 Business process model, 49, 50, 58 Business process reengineering (BPR), 131, 239 Business process transformation, 58 Business systems engineering (BSE), 398 Business value model, 49–51, 53, 58, 60–63, 69, 70 Business-to-business (B2B), 134, 142, 216 C Capital flow, 370, 374 Cash flows, 51, 67, 68, 127, 165 Causal relationships, 397, 398 Centralized supply chain, 7, 22, 291, 293, 296 planning, 293, 296 Certification, 144, 145 ISO, 144 Chemistry, 384 Client-server architecture, 128, 129, 137, 140 Clockspeed, 147 Closure, 380–383, 390Index 441 Clustering, 189, 192, 193, 210, 406 Coefficient of variation, 338 Coinput, 376, 380 Collaborative agent, 106, 124, 290, 291, 294 Collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR), 132 Communications, 3, 5, 12, 25, 26, 91, 123–125, 129, 135, 142, 147, 175, 217, 226, 229, 238, 253, 409 network, 97, 312 routing protocol, 11, 14, 25, 27 scheduling protocol, 10 wireless, 5, 13, 97 Competitiveness, 241, 252, 265, 313, 322–324, 409 Complex flow symptoms, 397, 399– 405 Complex material flow, 397, 398, 400–402, 405, 407, 408 Computation, 56, 58, 66, 102, 110, 131, 273, 281, 282, 284, 285, 307, 311, 312, 313, 319, 324, 325, 327, 328, 350, 366, 381, 386 computational ecosystem, 312, 328 Computing technology industry association, 4 Conception schema, 156, 157 Configuration management, 36 Connectivity, 13, 14, 135, 137, 138, 141, 255, 371, 376, 379, 380, 381, 382, 384, 385–387, 389 index, 381 structural, 255, 385–387 Construction sector, 405 Content provider, 224 Contingency, 177, 369 Contracts, 142, 144, 145, 148, 174, 175, 417 Conveyor, 7, 9, 15, 22, 23, 42, 64, 256 Consequence analysis, 371 Countermeasure analysis, 371 Coordination, 4, 6, 44, 105, 108, 116, 123, 127–137, 141–148, 155, 174–177, 210, 215, 219, 262, 290–294, 309–329, 343, 370, 396, 406, 414 Cooutput, 376, 380 Correlation, 394, 398, 399, 407 Cost reduction, 60, 142, 143, 234, 318, 321–324, 351 Cost-benefit analysis, 12, 53, 89, 167 Cost-time-profile, 257, 258 Counterfeit protection, 33, 38, 39 Cross docking, 250, 251, 267 Customer service, 36, 57, 59, 60, 65, 66, 88, 89, 201, 234, 313, 314, 331, 332, 334, 337, 340–342, 350, 352, 397, 411, 412, 414, 419, 422, 423, 426, 430, 431, 434 Cycle time, 56, 71, 72, 134, 165, 168, 169, 213, 214, 251, 256, 270, 271, 273, 274, 277–279, 281, 285, 287, 378, 393, 404, 405 D Data analysis, 337 Data integration, 230, 235, 236 Data layer, 112 Data modeling, 397 Data warehousing, 72, 175, 177 Decentralized decision-making, 170, 290, 291, 307 Decentralized model, 319 Decentralized supply chain planning, 289–292, 294, 295, 299, 307–309 Decision support system (DSS), 125, 334 Decision support tools, 49 Decision theory, 3, 49, 71, 127, 241, 269, 311, 345, 369 Decision trees, 51 Decoupling point, 271, 273, 285 Demand rate, 81, 83, 250, 359, 362, 378 Demand volumes, 195 Demand forecast, 417 Demand surge, 371, 372 demand volatility, 133 Design for localization, 140, 287442 Index Design for manufacturability, 140 Deviation, 17, 64, 81, 83, 85, 118, 334, 357, 370, 371, 378, 425 operating, 371 Digital divide, 230, 235 Digital equipment corporation, 127, 210 Disassembly, 181–185, 193–195, 199, 201, 203–205, 207, 211, 376 structure, 376 Disaster, 369, 370, 385, 391 Disruption, 93, 95, 98, 107, 109, 115, 118, 121, 122, 369, 370–374, 377, 389, 404 Distributed artificial intelligence, 152, 174, 175, 327 Distributed discrete-event, 152 Distributed simulation techniques, 152 Distribution, 7, 8, 15, 17, 18, 25, 34, 39, 56, 59, 61, 70, 75, 165, 167, 168, 173, 250, 269, 270, 271, 273, 282–284, 290, 292, 296–299, 302, 306, 312, 337, 374, 376, 390 arborescent, 374, 390 center, 7, 8, 15, 17, 18, 25, 34, 39, 56, 59, 61, 70, 75, 165, 167, 168, 173, 250, 269, 270, 271, 273, 282–284, 290, 292, 296– 299, 302, 306, 312, 337, 376 chain, 269, 270–272, 274, 282, 284–286 Distributor-driven supply chain, 290, 291, 293, 299, 300, 303, 305, 308, 309 District, 385 neighboring, 385 Diversification, 345, 346, 353, 354, 356, 357, 362, 364, 366, 367, 391 Dock door, 7, 15–18, 22, 23 Domain knowledge base, 161 Dominant strategy, 317, 320 Dual sourcing, 349, 350, 354–358, 361, 366, 367, 371 Dynamic behavior, 58, 332, 337, 397–399, 407 Dynamic lot-sizing, 311, 314–317, 325, 326 E e-Administration, 214, 219 e-Business, 70, 128, 129, 147, 148, 173, 175, 213, 216–218, 223, 224, 227, 234, 235, 239, 329, 430, 436 Echoupal, 146, 148 e-Collaboration, 128, 129, 134–136, 144, 145 e-Commerce, 128, 129, 132, 144, 146, 173, 175, 176, 218, 219, 226, 234, 411–413 Economies of scan, 41, 44 Ecosystems, 145, 146, 328 e-Delivery, 218, 225, 233, 273, 355, 356 e-Democracy, 218, 219, 228, 231 Edge, 20, 90, 158, 376, 380, 381 Effective lead time, 346–349, 351, 361 Efficiency improvement, 234, 370 Efficient consumer response (ECR), 132 e-Governance, 217, 218, 219, 220 e-Government, 217–231, 233–239 framework, 214, 227 portal, 228 strategic value chain, 213, 222, 233 strategy, 214, 220–223 vision, 214, 220, 221, 233, 234 Electronic data interchange (EDI), 73, 135, 150 Electronic product code (EPC), 9, 32, 70, 74, 97 Electronic public service delivery, 224, 225, 237 Electronics industry, 343 e-Markets, 142–144 Enterprise resource planning (ERP), 93, 128 Entropy, 79–81 Environmental pressure, 181, 370Index 443 e-Participation, 228 e-Pedigree, 38, 39 e-Procurement, 128, 129, 132, 140, 143, 144, 214, 219, 224, 225, 231–233, 237, 238 e-Purchasing, 224 e-Readiness, 230 e-Services, 214, 219, 221, 223, 229 e-Supply chain, 27, 92, 213, 215, 216, 239 Ethical considerations, 76 Euclidean norm, 401 Event definition markup language, 110–112 Event, 14, 44, 49, 56, 93–96, 98, 99, 101–111, 114, 115, 118, 121–125, 152, 156, 161–165, 227, 232, 319, 322, 369, 371, 377, 385, 414–422, 434 disruptive, 118, 371, 374, 377 systemwide, 370 unexpected, 93, 121, 122, 166, 261, 369, 370, 390 Event-handling knowledge base, 161 Event selection mechanism, 162, 164, 165 Every day low pricing (EDLP), 339 Exchange curve, 36, 37, 351 Expected performance, 372, 373 Expected value, 81, 372, 373 Explorer mechanism, 162, 164, 166 Exponential smoothing, 21 Extensible markup language (XML), 23, 100, 107–110, 137, 138, 150, 156, 160–163, 173–176, 254, 255 F Fabrication, 269–275, 278–281, 285– 287, 352, 370, 374 Facility, 23, 37, 186, 210, 233, 251, 256, 257, 291, 297, 299–303, 306, 311, 313 Fill rate, 81, 256, 281, 282, 334–336, 350, 351, 374, 377 First-order, 83–85, 379 stochastic dominance, 83– 85 Five rules to avoid bankruptcy, 401 Forecasting, 7, 21, 22, 132, 189, 253, 254, 266, 327 Forrester, 58, 70, 101, 123, 140, 404, 409 flywheel effect, 404 Fourth party logistics (4PL), 293 Frequency, 14, 18–20, 26–32, 50, 59, 62, 75, 96, 144, 265 397, 401, 421, 431 Full service provider, 224 Functional mechanism, 162, 164–166 Functional risk, 4, 7, 10–12, 18, 19, 22 Functional product, 140, 294 Fuzzy logic, 371 G Gen2 standard, 32 Geographic separation, 401 Global performance measures (GPM), 168 Global positioning system (GPS), 97 Government value chain, 213, 230, 231, 233, 235, 236 Government-to-business (G2B), 222– 224, 233 Government-to-citizen (G2C), 222– 224, 233 Government-to-employee (G2E), 222, 223, 233 Government-to-government (G2G), 222, 223, 233 Graph theory, 19, 391 Grocery sector, 331, 332, 337, 342 Groupware, 135 H Heterogeneity, 149–152, 155, 157, 169, 172, 226, 230, 329 Heterogenous envirnment, 151 Hierarchical model specification, 160444 Index High frequency (HF), 30, 397 Human decision-maker, 116, 338 Hurricane, 370 Hypergraph, 376 I IBM, 5, 25, 27, 33, 52, 62, 69, 70, 139, 237, 411–426, 431, 434–436 Incentive compatibility, 315 , 317, 326 schemes, 145 Indicator, 137, 230, 256, 373, 374, 377, 397, 404 Indirect path, 379 Inference, 161, 162, 163, 371 engine, 371 Information sharing, 4, 8, 10, 26, 27, 91, 106, 120–124, 131–134, 146, 147, 174, 176, 218, 260, 290–295, 308–315, 321, 322, 325–329 flow, 3, 4 , 5, 9–11, 24, 44, 46, 47, 73, 87, 96, 124, 127, 130, 155, 165, 216, 227, 249–252, 257, 260, 370, 374, 396, 404 real-time data, 60, 10, 11, 27 confidentiality, 321, 322, 323, 324 revelation, 318, 319, 321, 326 security, 311, 312, 313 privacy, 290, 291 system, 25, 47, 59, 107, 112, 120, 122, 124, 126, 147, 148, 150, 167, 169, 170–177, 202, 210, 219, 230–239, 252–255, 259, 262, 265, 327, 329, 391, 397, 399, 400, 406 Information and communication technologies (ICT), 132, 148, 213–219, 223, 226, 228–236 framework, 214, 215, 226, 228, 234, 235 Information technology (IT), 7, 71, 73, 90, 127, 130, 147, 149, 150, 173–175, 216, 226, 237, 253, 273, 290 Input-output analysis, 394 Integrated index, 385, 386, 388–391 Intelligent product, 8, 27 Intelligent simulation multi-agent tools, 160 Interference, 9, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 33, 42, 397 Intermediary, 224 Internal rate of return, 51, 67 International standards organization, 32, 50 Interoperability, 9, 32, 102, 106, 130, 139, 150, 151, 157, 175–177, 225–229, 235, 239 Interval, 256, 372, 413, 417, 420–422 Interviews, 21, 337 Intragovernment processes, 224, 225 Inventory accuracy, 36, 64, 75 control, 18, 21, 35, 36, 44, 74, 91, 154, 165, 167, 168, 173, 333, 334, 336, 340, 343, 346, 348, 377, 390 cost, 71, 73, 77, 82, 83, 88–90, 250, 251, 273, 296, 294, 313, 316, 318–322, 346, 351, 362, 364, 368, 370, 419, 426 policy, 90, 351, 377, 406, 407 management, 4, 8, 15, 20–27, 71, 73, 75, 81, 88, 92, 106, 131, 328, 353, 365–367 sharing, 8, 26 shrinkage, 58, 59, 64, 65, 66 Invertex, 376, 380 Incapacitated production target (IPT), 278, 279 International standards organization (ISO), 32, 50 Isolation, 10, 12, 43, 45, 385, 391 J Just-In-Time (JIT), 89, 153, 247, 250, 333, 343, 362, 371 delivery, 247, 371Index 445 K Key performance measures, 54, 107 Knowledge repository, 169, 170 Knowledge resource, 149, 151, 155, 161, 162, 172 Knowledge-based government (kgovernment), 235 Knowledge-based systems, 152 Knowledge-sharing platform, 157 Knowledge representation mechanism, 160 Key performance index (KPI), 54, 107 L Lead time variability, 56, 83, 91, 347, 348, 350, 364, 365, 370, 371 Lean production, 247, 251, 253, 267, 333 Lean supply, 247, 248–263, 265–268 Lean technique, 266, 370 Lean logistics, 241, 248, 249, 250, 252, 259, 265, 266, 267 Lean manufacturing, 243–248, 250, 251, 261, 262, 265, 268 Lean supply chain, 241–243, 246– 268 Lean thinking, 241–243, 246–248, 261, 263–266, 268, 400, 402, 403 Likert scale, 394, 398 Linkage, 60, 67, 260, 379 Little’s law, 271, 378 Localization, 94, 97, 140, 181–190, 287, Location-allocation model, 195 Logistics, 4, 8, 9, 12, 15, 25, 26, 33– 39, 43–45, 48, 59, 69, 72, 90, 91, 96, 103, 105, 115, 116, 125, 141– 144, 173, 174, 181–198, 201–206, 210, 211, 215, 219, 236–239, 241, 248–253, 259, 264–267, 271, 284, 290–295, 309, 310, 325–328, 337, 341–346, 351, 366, 367, 391, 408, 409, 436 Lost sale, 2 Lot size, 327, 329, 352, 356, 377 M Machine, 23, 120, 143, 156, 157, 169, 243, 256, 274, 275, 281, 286, 329, 343, 365, 370, 404, 409, 423 breakdown, 359, 365, 370 Make-to-order, 132, 291, 374, 412, 415 Make-to-stock, 132, 275, 374, 415 Management theory, 394, 406 Manufacturer, 6, 7, 22, 23, 31, 32, 37, 39, 42, 43, 46, 50–52, 57, 60–62, 75, 77, 78, 115–119, 128, 130– 135, 140–144, 243, 247, 264–267, 270, 289–296, 299–304, 307, 308, 331, 337, 338, 340, 382, 387 Manufacturer-driven supply chain, 290, 292, 293, 299, 300, 303, 304, 308 Manufacturing execution, 4, 10, 253 Market dynamics, 319 mediation, 131, 132, 144 sectors, 394, 406 Mass customization, 133, 134 Material flow, 18, 23, 41, 44, 46, 118, 127, 129, 130, 133, 165, 192–198, 201–205, 215, 254, 290, 314, 370, 374, 375, 393, 394, 396–409 Matrix, 143, 379, 380–384, 386–390 adjacency, 380, 383, 390 Mean, 8 Mean lead time, 351 Mean value, 370 Measure, 53, 79, 118, 153, 168, 172, 257, 279, 280, 338, 342, 348, 351, 371, 372, 377–379, 414, 427 aggregate, 371 basic, 379 critical, 370, 378 key, 377 quantifiable, 371 Mechanical precision products, 405 Medium access control (MAC), 13446 Index Message handling, 160, 161, 164 Message-input processor, 160, 162 Metadata, 111, 156, 157 Metadata repository, 157 Metagraph, 369, 374–376, 380, 381, 384, 385, 390, 391 Metric, 14, 256, 257, 340, 404, 407, 429 Microsoft, 62, 91, 139, 177, 390 .NET, 139 Microwave, 27, 32 Military supply chain, 251 Milk run, 251, 252 Minimum information sharing, 294, 295, 308 Mobile devices, 93, 97, 99, 106–109, 112, 113, 120–124 Mobile sensor technology, 98 Mobile supply chain event management, 93, 94, 121 Mobile supply chain management, 95 Mobility, 13, 14, 108, , 379 Monolithic model, 311, 313, 315, 316, 318, 322, 324 Maintenance repair and operating (MRO), 142–144 Multi-agent system, 106, 108, 112, 113, 121, 122, 174, 175, 310, 311–317, 325, 326, 329, 330 Multiple sourcing, 345, 346, 353, 361–367 Multiple supplier inventory models, 346 N Negotiation, 106–108, 111, 112, 116, 153, 164, 166, 173–175, 291, 296, 304, 309, 327 mechanism, 164, 166 Net present value, 37, 51, 61, 67 Network, 124, 125, 173, 174, 181, 187, 196, 203, 210, 259, 260, 369, 370, 371, 374, 376, 379, 381 Bayesian, 371 hybrid, 371 integrated, 371, 390 distribution, 210, 273, 290, 292, 296, 297, 327 manufacturing, 309 performance reliability, 374, 377, 385, 386 Normal distribution, 62, 81, 87 O Object-oriented manufacturing simulation language (OMSL), 160 Ontology, 108, 120, 151–158, 161– 164, 174, 176 Operational characteristics, 397–399 Operational parameters, 152, 167, 169, 172 Operator, 6, 13, 21, 23, 39, 81, 264, 380, 381 multiplication, 380 Oracle, 101, 107, 139, 413 Enterprise Manager, 139 Order quantity, 65, 66, 82, 83, 300, 309, 316, 346, 347–349, 352–361 Organization, 6, 9, 24, 32, 50, 73, 77, 95, 102, 109, 127, 128, 133, 136, 146, 151, 154, 168, 171–174, 184, 187–192, 194, 197, 201, 206, 217, 224, 229, 249, 255, 264, 285, 291, 325, 346, 371, 434 Networked, 128, 145 individual, 136, 371 Organizational characteristics, 397, 400 Out-of-stock, 33, 34, 53, 59, 60, 61, 65, 75 Outvertex, 376, 380 P Pair, 375, 376, 379 connected, 379 ordered, 376 unconnected, 379 Parallel processing, 376Index 447 Payback period, 51, 67 Performance curve, 372 actual, 372 desired, 372 Performance improvement, 217, 407 Personal computers, 396, 415 Physical markup language, 396 Physical situation, 397–400 Planning horizon, 53, 61, 67, 278, 296, 297, 299, 311, 314, 316, 322, 415 Policy, 15, 36, 62, 65, 66, 75, 77, 83, 90, 115, 164, 172, 173, 181, 217, 218, 229, 235–239, 273–275, 278, 284, 285, 287, 377, 389, 390, 406, 407, 412, 416, 420 best, 390 optimal, 363, 389 robust, 389 Pools of inventory, 397, 400, 401 Portfolio analysis, 52 Possibility, 51, 55, 102, 143, 197, 221, 292, 305 Postponement, 132, 146, 407, 409 Presentation layer, 112 Price discount, 296, 307, 308 Privacy, 35, 40–43, 48, 71, 76, 77, 90–92, 120, 122, 228–230, 235, 290, 291, 294, 308 Probability, 19, 20, 38, 62, 79, 81, 85, 90, 96, 117, 181, 193, 194, 201, 202, 216, 335, 347–349, 355, 359, 371, 372, 377, 378, 417, 420, 423 Process mapping, 337, 397, 398 Processing condition, 183, 187, 193, 201 Product differentiation, 375 disassembling, 376 finished, 43, 69, 181, 182, 184, 185, 188, 192, 193, 197, 199, 201, 203, 207, 312, 374, 412 product families, 183, 187, 190, 192–197, 199, 206 product mix, 262 product states, 183, 187, 193 Production chain, 269–272, 274, 284, 285, 286 Production lead time, 117, 119, 246, 296 Profit and loss (P&L), 53, 67 Profit shares, 324 Profit margin, 294, 405 Programmable logic controller (PLC), 22 Property, 158, 323, 352 Pull-distribution, 269, 272, 274, 284 Pull-production, 269, 271, 274, 280, 282, 284 Purchase price, 264, 345, 347, 349– 352, 354, 357, 360–362 Push-distribution, 269, 272, 274, 283 Push-production, 271, 274, 275, 277, 282, 284 Q Quality of service (QOS), 13, 26, 326 Quantitative alternative, 167–169 Quantitative index, 385 Questionnaires, 337, 397 Quick response, 146, 148, 422 Quick scan audit methodology (QSAM), 337 R Radio-frequency identification (RFID) antenna, 7, 17, 18, 23, 24 business case, 4, 24, 31, 49–53, 60, 61, 69, 89, 138 business justification, 61 business value, 49–53, 58, 60–63, 67–70, 177 data-based decision-making, 3, 5, 12 reader, 6, 7, 10, 18, 29, 31, 33, 34, 37–39, 42, 97448 Index tag, 5, 6, 9, 13, 16, 18, 19, 21, 24, 29–33, 35–43, 45–72, 76, 77, 90, 91, 97 technology, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 17, 22, 25, 26, 29, 33, 40–44, 47, 50– 53, 60, 61, 65, 68–71, 73–76, 83, 88v91 Random capacity, 345, 361, 362 Random supplier availability, 345, 359, 362 Random yield, 345, 352–359, 361, 362, 364–368, 391, 345, 352–359, 361, 362, 364–368, 391, Raw material, 6, 7, 23, 59, 69, 121, 150, 165, 185, 192, 193, 247, 250, 269, 271, 312, 331, 338, 353, 365, 374 Readiness assessment, 220, 223, 233, 236 Real options, 51, 69, 70 Realistic guidelines, 407 Reorder point, 335 Replenishment, 34, 36, 38, 40, 58, 59, 62, 65, 66, 75, 81, 132, 173, 251, 265, 317–321, 326, 327, 332, 333, 337, 338, 343, 347, 356, 358, 363–366, 374, 414, 421 plan, 317–321, 326 Request-for-information (RFI), 144 Request-for-quote (RFQ), 144 Resiliency, 373, 374 Resource valuation, 319 Responsiveness, 72, 219, 273, 393, 404–406 Retailer, 7, 26, 31, 39, 40, 43, 50, 51, 53, 56–62, 65, 73–78, 117–119, 129, 130, 148, 165, 168, 250, 264, 270, 312, 337–342 , 347 Return volumes, 181–183, 185, 187, 189 Return-on-investment (ROI), 51, 53 Revenue, 53, 54, 57, 60, 62, 66, 74, 87, 88, 186, 216, 271, 272, 284, 285, 353, 416 Reverse flows, 130, 189, 191, 196, 197, 210, 216 Robustness, 16, 311, 369–374, 378, 379, 381, 384–391 index, 369, 371, 377, 384–390 S Safety stock, 36, 64, 81, 88, 313, 333, 339, 347, 348, 351, 362, 364, 367 SAP, 98, 101, 107, 124, 128, 130, 141, 139, 413 AG, 128 Netweaver, 139, 107 R/2, 128 R/3, 128 Scalability, 121, 230, 325 Scenario analysis, 51, 331 Second-order stochastic dominance, 86 Security, 38, 48, 91, 92, 120, 229 Semantic interoperability, see heterogeneity, 150, 151, 157, 175, 176 Semiconductor supply chain, 270, 273 Sensor, 40, 93, 98, 99, 122 Sequence diagram, 115 Serial processing, 376 Serialized products, 36 Service execution management, 166 Service forecast errors, 190 Service layer, 122 Service level, 21, 36, 57, 59, 65, 81, 182, 183, 191, 192, 201, 225, 256, 332–335, 337–340, 342, 348–350, 352, 361, 371, 374, 377, 379, 386–388, 390, 397, 411, 422, 427, 431 Service-Oriented Architectures, 97, 100 Selling, general, and administrative expenses (SG&A), 54 Shape, 20, 98, 199, 372 Shared infrastructure, 224 Shelf replenishment, 34, 62, 75 Shop floor control, 3, 8, 15, 22, 125 Shortest path, 14, 379Index 449 Simple object access protocol, 100 Simplicity rules, 404, 408 Simulation definition markup language, 110, 111 Site, 182, 375 Situation control mechanism, 162 SKU (stock keeping unit), 73, 75, 334, 375 Slap and ship, 45 Smooth demand, 333 smooth material flow, 393, 394, 404 Software engineering, 152, 173, 327, 328 Sole sourcing, 350, 354, 355, 363, 366 Spreadsheet, 49–51, 58, 68, 69, 334 Staged models, 223 Standard deviation, 17, 64, 81, 83, 85, 118, 334, 357, 378, 425 Stochastic dominance, 71, 83–87, 89, 91 Stochastic lead time, 81, 345–347, 349–351, 364, 365, 367 Stock level, 81, 333, 338, 348, 349, 377 Stockman, 5, 27, 30, 48 Store, 8, 23, 31, 33–35, 40, 42, 46, 47, 53, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62–65, 73, 91, 92, 97, 161, 163, 226, 229, 265, Strategic level, 184, 197 structural robustness, 369, 371, 374, 379, 381, 385, 386, 389, 390 Structured questionnaire, 397 Subset, 54, 68, 218, 363, 365, 384 Summation, 372, 379, 380, 386 Supplier, 6, 7, 22, 23, 36, 42, 43, 46, 52, 94, 95, 97, 115–118, 135–137, 143, 144–146, 148, 165, 167, 168, 173, 197, 203, 204, 241, 242, 251, 252, 260, 272, 316–326, 331, 334, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 345–368, 370, 378, 391, 395, 396, 403–405, 408, 412, 414, 416, 425 selection, 144, 348, 356, 358, 361, 362–366 Supply lead time, 56, 349, 351, 362, 364, 377 Supply network-centric, 3, 5, 6, 7 Supply quantity, 299–307, 345, 346, 352, 361, 362, 364, 425, Supply timing, 345, 346, 361 Supply uncertainty, 345, 346, 361, 362, 365, 366, 367, 391, 399 Supply chain event management, 93, 94, 101, 108, 121, 122, 125 Supply chain management, 93, 95, 101, 103, 106, 107, 122–125, 127, 129, 130, 134, 147–149, 152, 169, 172, 174–177, 210, 214–216, 233, 235–239, 241–243, 246–248, 252, 253, 267, 268, 273, 286, 287, 294, 309–314, 326–331, 343, 344, 365–367, 390, 391, 394, 407, 409, 411, 414, 435, 436 Supply chain dispersed, 385 hypothetical, 369 member, 121, 247–249, 252, 254, 258, 370 network, 73, 124, 182, 211, 269, 285, 329, 369–371, 374, 376, 379, 381, 382–390 performance, 49, 52, 72, 70, 74, 136, 248, 331, 334, 336, 341, 370, 372, 373, 404, 407, 411, 413, 414, 422, 426, 430, 434 risk, 391 robustness, 373 structure, 329, 370 design, 127, 130, 132, 133, 140, 144, 145, 146, 187, 391, 396, 398, 407 coordination, 44, 127, 131–134, 137, 148, 290, 327 Survivability, 325, 326, 328 Survival, 89, 289, 290, 369, 370, 412450 Index T Tag ID, 31 item-level, 9, 31, 33, 34, 39, 41– 44, 47, 52, 54, 57, 58, 62, 70 Tagging, 6, 9, 31, 33, 41, 43, 48, 52, 54, 58, 61, 77, 89 Tags, 4–6, 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 21, 29v54, 57, 58, 61, 62, 67, 69, 71, 72, 76, 77, 89–91 , 97, 156 Target balance (TB), 280 Target wip, 271, 277–279 Target-production, 272, 278, 279, 280, 282, 284 Technology acceptance model, 169 Technology Transfer, 4, 13 Tellkamp, 52, 70 attack, international, Terrorism, 369, 370, 371, 391 Third-party logistics (3PL), 252, 290, 310 Three-dimensional concurrent engineering (3D-CE), 140 Throughput, 44, 165, 168, 169, 256, 270–277, 280–284, 378 Time buckets, 398, 415, 435 Time-sensitive materials, 21, 27 Topological index, 369, 384, 385, 389, 390 Topological length, 379 Total accessibility, 387 Total connectivity, 371, 379–390 Total cycle time (TCT), 393, 404 Toyota, 147, 243, 244, 267, 370 Toyota Production System (TPS), 244, 243 Traffic congestion, 312, 336 Transaction costs, 127, 129, 132, 134, 137, 143, 144, 146 Transferability, 393, 394, 406 Transformation, 53, 58, 59, 110, 131, 161, 175, 185, 213, 214, 215, 217, 223, 227, 230, 231, 233–237, 243, 245, 261, 265, 289, 370, 412, 414, 415, 434 Transit-time, 374, 377, 378, 379, 386, 387, 388 Transmission control protocol /internet protocol (TCP/IP), 105, 137 Transport, 95, 117, 119, 153, 210, 282, 292, 296, 331, 332–338, 340–334 Transportation, 7, 34, 35, 40, 43, 57, 60, 64, 99, 114, 117, 118, 131, 154, 155, 165, 168, 175, 183, 186, 189, 192, 195, 197, 205, 210, 250–253, 256, 259, 261, 265, 274, 282–285, 292, 296–299, 301, 302, 306, 312, 343, 344, 350, 362, 365, 366, 370, 374, 391, 414, 427 Transshipment, 8, 26, 27, 282, 283 Triangulated evidence, 337 ordered, 340 Triple, 124, 380, 381 Trustworthiness, 315, 319, 321, 322 Trustworthy multiagent system, 316, 317 U U.S. department of defense, 4, 9, 23, 43 Ultra high frequency (UHF), 18, 30, 32 reduction principle, 393, 394, 406, 407 Uncertainty, 7, 12, 14, 51, 79, 87, 92, 124, 202, 211, 319, 339, 345, 346, 349, 352–358, 360–362, 364–367, 374, 391, 393–409, 417, 425 Universal description discovery integration, 166 Unstable feedback loop, 404 Utility function, 83–87Index 451 V Value decomposition, 55 Value net integrator, 224 Value stream, 241, 244–252, 257, 265, 267, 337, 341, 393, 394–408 Map, 245, 247, 249, 257, 267 Value tree, 54, 55 performance, 54, 58–60, 64, 65, 67, 70 Value decomposition, 55 Value net Integrator, 224 Variance, 52, 71–73, 78–92, 277, 346–352, 361, 371, 378 Velocity management (VM), 72 Vendor managed inventory (VMI), 7, 8, 15, 22, 251, 331–333, 343, 344 Vickrey auction, 317, 320 Virtual models, 12, 13 Volatile feedback, 397 Value stream map (VSM), 247, 249, 257 assessment, 249 Vulnerability, 371 W Wafer fabrication, 270, 287, 370 Wal-mart, 4, 7, 9, 23, 43, 50, 53, 70, 72, 75, 76, 92, 248, 250 Warehouse, 7, 14–17, 23, 26, 30, 31, 34, 41, 45, 52, 53, 56, 79, 90, 95, 183, 188, 195–199, 201, 203–209, 227, 246, 254, 264, 269–271, 274, 282–284, 312, 374 Web presence, 230, 231 Web services, 97, 100, 106, 107, 113, 114, 120, 123–130, 137, 139, 146, 147, 161, 166, 228, 229, 239 description language, 100, 166 Web digital government (WebDG), 228 Well-trodden path, 395, 407 What-if analysis, 51 Winner determination, 318, 319, 326 Work-in-process (WIP), 250, 270, 271, 274–284, 286, 287 , 343, 378, 399, 416
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