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 |  موضوع: كتاب Collaborative Product Design and Manufacturing Methodologies and Applications الخميس 05 أكتوبر 2023, 3:39 am | |
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أخواني في الله
أحضرت لكم كتاب
Collaborative Product Design and Manufacturing Methodologies and Applications
W.D. Li, S.K. Ong, Andrew Y.C. Nee and Chris McMahon (Eds.)
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents
1 An Adaptable Service-based Framework for Distributed Product
Realization
Jitesh H. Panchal, Hae-Jin Choi, Janet K. Allen, David Rosen
and Farrokh Mistree . 1
1.1 Introduction . 2
1.1.1 Need for an Adaptable Framework 3
1.1.2 An Open Engineering Systems Approach 3
1.2 Requirements and Features of an Adaptable Framework 4
1.3 Review of Capabilities Provided by Existing Frameworks . 8
1.3.1 Web-based Systems . 8
1.3.2 Agent-based Systems . 10
1.3.2.1 Distributed Object-based Modeling and Evaluation
(DOME) 13
1.3.2.2 NetBuilder 13
1.3.3.3 Web-DPR . 14
1.3.3.4 Federated Intelligent Product EnviRonment (FIPER) 14
1.4 Motivating Example: Design of Linear Cellular Alloys (LCAs) . 15
1.5 X-DPR (eXtensible Distributed Product Realization) Environment . 17
1.5.1 Overview of X-DPR . 17
1.5.2 Elements of the Framework . 18
1.5.2.1 Data Repository 20
1.5.2.2 Process Diagram Tool 21
1.5.2.3 Dynamic UI Generation . 23
1.5.2.4 Interface Mapping Tool 24
1.5.2.5 Messaging and Agent Description in X-DPR . 26
1.5.2.6 Publishing a Service . 26
1.5.2.7 Asset Search Service 26
1.5.3 Using the X-DPR framework for LCAs design 27
1.5.4 X-DPR as an Adaptable Framework 28
1.6 Conclusions . 30viii Contents
1.7 Acknowledgments . 32
1.8 References . 32
2 A Web-based Intelligent Collaborative System for Engineering Design
Xiaoqing (Frank) Liu, Samir Raorane and Ming C. Leu 37
2.1 Introduction . 37
2.2 Related Work . 38
2.2.1 Current State-of-the-art on Computer-aided Collaborative
Engineering Design Systems 38
2.2.2 Current State-of-the-art on Argumentation-based Conflict
Resolution . 39
2.3 A Web-based Intelligent Collaborative Engineering Design
Environment and Its Application Scenarios . 40
2.4 Argumentation-based Conflict Resolution in the Collaborative
Engineering Design Environment 40
2.4.1 Structured Argumentation Through Dialog Graph . 42
2.4.2 Argument Reduction Through Fuzzy Inference . 43
2.4.2.1 Linguistic Variable Through Fuzzy Membership
Functions . 45
2.4.2.2 Fuzzy Inference Rules 46
2.4.2.3 Fuzzy System and Defuzzification . 47
2.4.3 Structured Argumentation Through Dialog Graph . 49
2.5 Design and Implementation . 49
2.6 An Application Example 50
2.7 Conclusions 56
2.8 Acknowledgements 56
2.9 References . 57
3 A Shared VE for Collaborative Product Development in
Manufacturing Enterprises
G. Chryssolouris, M. Pappas, V. Karabatsou, D. Mavrikios
and K. Alexopoulos . 59
3.1 Introduction . 59
3.2 Background . 60
3.3 Building the Shared VE . 61
3.4 Virtual Environment Functionality 63
3.4.1 Virtual Prototyping Function 63
3.4.2 Behavioral Simulation Function . 63
3.4.3 Assembly Support Function 64
3.4.4 Collision Detection Function 65
3.5 Pilot Application 65
3.6 Conclusions and Future Research 67
3.7 Acknowledgements 68
3.8 References . 68Contents ix
4 A ‘Plug-and-Play’ Computing Environment for an Extended
Enterprise
F. Mervyn, A. Senthil Kumar and A. Y. C. Nee . 71
4.1 Introduction . 71
4.2 Related Research . 72
4.3 Application Develoment Framework 75
4.3.1 Geometric Modeling Middleware Services 77
4.3.1.1 Modeling Functions 77
4.3.1.2 Geometric Data XML File . 79
4.4.2.3 Application Relationship Manager (ARM) 80
4.3.2 Process Data Exchange Middleware Services 83
4.3.3 Reusable Application Classes . 84
4.4 Illustrative Case Study . 84
4.5 Conclusions . 89
4.6 References . 90
5 Cooperative Design in Building Construction
Yuhua Luo . 93
5.1 Introduction . 93
5.2 System Architecture and Components . 95
5.2.1 The Cooperative 3D Editor . 96
5.2.2 The Cooperative Support Platform . 98
5.2.3 The Integrated Design Project Database . 98
5.3 Considerations and Implementation for Collaborative Design 99
5.3.1 Interoperative and Multi-disciplinary . 99
5.3.2 The On-line Cooperative Working . 101
5.3.3 Design Error Detection During Integration 102
5.4 System Evaluation . 103
5.5 Conclusions . 106
5.6 Acknowledgements . 107
5.7 References . 107
6 A Fine-grain and Feature-oriented Product Database for
Collaborative Engineering
Y.–S. Ma, S.–H. Tang and G. Chen . 109
6.1 Introduction . 109
6.2 Generic Feature Model 112
6.2.1 Feature Shape Representation . 113
6.2.2 Constraint Definition 113
6.2.3 Other Feature Properties . 114
6.2.4 Member Functions 115
6.2.5 Application-specific Feature Model . 116
6.3 Mapping Mechanisms . 116x Contents
6.3.1 Mapping from Extended EXPRESS Model to ACIS
Workform Format . 117
6.3.1.1 Geometry Mapping 117
6.3.1.2 Generic Feature Definition Under ACIS Framework . 118
6.3.2 Database Representation Schema . 119
6.4 The Integration of Solid Modeler and Database 119
6.4.1 Feature Model Re-evaluation and Constraint Solving 120
6.4.2 Save Algorithm . 121
6.4.3 Restore Algorithm 122
6.5 Feature Model Re-evaluation 122
6.5.1 Problems of Historical-dependent System 122
6.5.2 Dynamically Maintaining Feature Precedence Order . 124
6.5.3 History-independent Feature Model Re-evaluation 125
6.5.3.1 Adding a New Feature Instance . 125
6.5.3.2 Deleting a Feature Instance 126
6.5.3.3 Modifying a Feature Instance . 130
6.5.3.4 B-rep Evaluation 130
6.6 A Case Study . 130
6.7 Conclusions . 133
6.8 Acknowledgements . 134
6.9 References . 134
7 A Web-based Framework for Distributed and Collaborative
Manufacturing
M. Mahesh, S. K. Ong and A. Y. C. Nee . 137
7.1 Introduction . 137
7.2 Distributed and Collaborative Manufacturing . 139
7.3 Proposed Framework and Implementation 140
7.4 A Case Study . 142
7.5 Conclusions . 148
7.6 References . 148
8 Wise-ShopFloor: A Portal toward Collaborative Manufacturing
Lihui Wang . 151
8.1 Introduction . 151
8.2 Enabling Technologies 152
8.3 Wise-ShopFloor Framework . 153
8.4 Adaptive Process Planning and Scheduling 155
8.4.1 Architecture Design 155
8.4.2 Machining Process Sequencing 156
8.4.3 Function Block Design And Utilization 158
8.4.4 Shop Floor Integration 163
8.5 Web-based Real-time Monitoring and Control . 164
8.5.1 System Configuration . 164
8.5.2 Sensor Data Collection for Real-Time Monitoring . 165Contents xi
8.5.3 Data Packet Format . 167
8.5.4 Java 3D Enabled Visualization . 167
8.5.5 Web-based Remote CNC Control . 169
8.6 A Case Study . 169
8.7 Conclusions . 172
8.8 Acronyms 173
8.9 References . 174
9 Real Time Distributed Shop Floor Scheduling: An Agent-Based
Service-Oriented Framework
Chun Wang, Kewei Li, Hamada Ghenniwa, Weiming Shen
and Ying Wang 175
9.1 Introduction . 175
9.2 Scheduling Problems in Multiple Workcell Shop Floor 176
9.2.1 Workcell Scheduling Problem 177
9.2.2 Dynamic Scheduling Problem 179
9.2.3 Distributed Scheduling Problem . 180
9.3 Scheduling Algorithms for Multiple Workcell Shop Floor . 181
9.3.1 Workcell Scheduling Algorithm . 182
9.3.2 Dynamic Scheduling Algorithm . 183
9.3.3 Distributed Scheduling Algorithm 185
9.4 Agent-Based Service-Oriented System Integration . 187
9.4.1 System Overview 188
9.4.2 Dynamic Scheduling Algorithm . 189
9.4.3 Scheduler Agent Design . 190
9.4.4 Coordination between Scheduler Agent and Real Time
Controller Agent . 191
9.4.5 Coordination between Scheduling Services 192
9.4.6 System Implementation 194
9.5 A Case Study . 194
9.6 Conclusions . 195
9.7 References . 197
10 Leveraging Design Process Related Intellectual Capital – A Key to
Enhancing Enterprise Agility
Jitesh H. Panchal, Marco Gero Fernández, Christiaan J. J. Paredis,
Janet K. Allen and Farrokh Mistree . 201
10.1 Design Processes – An Enterprise’s Fundamental Intellectual
Capital 202
10.2 Examples of Design Process Scenarios . 204
10.2.1 Description of LCAs design problem . 205
10.2.2 LCAs design process strategies 206
10.2.2.1 Strategy 1: Sequential Design – Thermal First . 206
10.2.2.2 Strategy 2: Sequential Design – Structural First . 207
10.2.2.3 Strategy 3: Set-based Design 207xii Contents
10.2.2.4 Strategy 4: Use of Surrogate Models 207
10.2.2.5 Strategy 5: Parallel Iterative Design . 208
10.3 Requirements and Critical Issues for Leveraging Design Process
Related Intellectual Capital 209
10.3.1 Support for Design Information Transformations . 209
10.3.2 Support for Design Decision-making . 210
10.3.3 Modeling and Representation of Design Processes 210
10.3.4 Analyzing Design Processes . 211
10.3.5 Synthesizing Design Processes . 211
10.4 Research Issues and Strategies for Designing Design Processes . 212
10.4.1 Modeling Design Processes 214
10.4.1.1 Research Issue 214
10.4.1.2 Previous Work 214
10.4.1.3 Research Questions 214
10.4.1.4 Strategy: a Decision-centric Approach . 214
10.4.2 Computational Representations for Design Processes 216
10.4.2.1 Research Issue 216
10.4.1.2 Previous Work 216
10.4.1.3 Research Questions 217
10.4.1.4 Strategy: Separating Declarative Information from
Procedural Information 217
10.4.3 Storage of Design Information 218
10.4.3.1 Research Issue 218
10.4.3.2 Previous Work 218
10.4.3.3 Research Questions 219
10.4.3.4 Strategy: Process Templates . 219
10.4.4 Developing metrics for assessing design processes 220
10.4.4.1 Research Issue 220
10.4.4.2 Previous Work 221
10.4.3.3 Research Questions 221
10.4.3.4 Strategy: Process Templates . 221
10.4.5 Configuring Design Processes 222
10.4.5.1 Research Issue 222
10.4.5.2 Previous Work 222
10.4.5.3 Research Questions 222
10.4.5.4 Strategy: Process Families 223
10.4.6 Configuring Design Processes 223
10.4.6.1 Research Issue 223
10.4.6.2 Previous Work 224
10.4.6.3 Research Questions 224
10.4.6.4 Strategy: Identifying Process Decisions . 224
10.4.7 Integrating Design Processes with Other Processes in PLM 225
10.4.7.1 Research Issue 225
10.4.7.2 Previous Work 225
10.4.7.3 Research Questions 226
10.4.7.4 Strategy: a Decision-centric Approach . 226
10.5 Conclusions 227Contents xiii
10.6 Acknowledgments 228
10.7 References . 228
11 Manufacturing Information Organization in Product Lifecycle
Management
R. I. M. Young, A. G. Gunendran and A. F. Cutting-Decelle . 235
11.1 Introduction . 235
11.2 Information and Knowledge Infrastructures for Manufacture . 236
11.3 Context Awareness: Its Significance for Information Organization 239
11.3.1 Product Context 239
11.3.2 Life Cycle Context 241
11.3.3 Context Relationships . 242
11.4 Exploiting Manufacturing Standards . 246
11.4.1 STEP for Manufacturing . 246
11.4.2 Mandate – Resource, Time And Flow Models . 247
11.4.3 Process Specification Language . 248
11.5 Exploiting Product and Process Knowledge in Future 249
11.6 Conclusions . 251
11.7 References . 252
12 Semantic Interoperability to Support Collaborative Product
Development
Q. Z. Yang and Y. Zhang . 255
12.1 Introduction . 255
12.2 Semantic Interoperability Concepts and Technologies 257
12.2.1 Data-driven Interoperability Standard 258
12.2.2 Ontologies . 258
12.2.3 Product Models . 260
12.3 Product Semantics Capturing and STEP Extension Modeling 263
12.3.1 Representing Semantics in Supplementary Information
Models . 263
12.3.2 Embedding Supplementary Information in CAD Models . 264
12.3.3 Modeling STEP Extensions 265
12.3.4 Capturing Semantics in STEP-compliant Product Models . 266
12.4 Taxonomy and Ontology . 267
12.4.1 Vocabulary Taxonomy . 267
12.4.2 OWL Ontology . 268
12.5 Semantics-driven Schema Mapping 270
12.6 Software Prototype Development 272
12.6.1 Software System Architecture 272
12.6.2 Client Toolkits 273
12.6.3 Collaboration Server Components and Services . 276
12.7 Collaboration Scenarios . 278
12.7.1 Support of Collaborative Design Process . 278
12.7.2 Design Objects Modeling and Semantics Capturing 279xiv Contents
12.7.3 Semantics Sharing with Heterogeneous Systems . 281
12.8 Conclusions . 283
12.9 Acknowledgements . 284
12.10Acronyms 284
12.11 References . 284
13 A Proposal of Distributed Virtual Factory for Collaborative
Production Management
Toshiya Kaihara, Susumu Fujii and Kentaro Sashio 287
13.1 Introduction . 287
13.2 Distributed Virtual Factory 288
13.2.1 Concept . 288
13.2.2 Structure 289
13.2.3 Time Bucket Mechanism 289
13.3 Cost Analysis . 291
13.3.1 Cost Analysis In Manufacturing Systems . 291
13.3.2 Activity Based Costing (ABC) . 291
13.3.3 DVF and ABC 292
13.3.4 Manufacturing Model . 292
13.3.5 Formulations for Cost . 292
13.4 Experimental Results . 297
13.4.1 Simulation Model . 297
13.4.2 Total Factory Management in DVF 297
13.4.3 Cost Analysys . 300
13.5 Conclusions . 301
13.6 References . 303
Index 305
Index
Abaqus, 256
ABC, 287, 288, 291, 292, 293, 296, 301,
302, 303, 304
ACL, 11, 190, 191, 193
Activex, 9, 153
Activity-Based Cost, 287
Agent, 1, 10, 11, 12, 15, 28, 29, 60, 138,
140, 141, 143, 144, 149, 151, 175,
186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192,
193, 195, 199, 200, 201
Agent Communication Language, 11,
193
AGV, 177, 288
ANSYS, 10, 38, 256
API, 84, 98, 120, 123, 169, 175
Application Programming Interface, 175
Automated Guided Vehicles, 177
B-Rep, 130, 131
C Programming Language, 77
CAD, 6, 7, 9, 10, 15, 17, 24, 25, 35, 36,
38, 39, 59, 60, 62, 72, 73, 76, 77, 91,
92, 93, 94, 95, 99, 100, 103, 109, 110,
135, 136, 137, 140, 142, 144, 202,
233, 247, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258,
260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 267,
268, 269, 273, 274, 275, 276, 278,
279, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285
CAE, 9, 110, 202, 256, 261, 285
CAM, 60, 72, 76, 77, 110, 135, 137, 202,
254
CAPP, 72, 73, 76, 77, 110
CATIA, 61
CAx, 110, 111, 112, 136
CCE, 109, 110
CGI, 10
Client-Server, 10, 11, 40, 51, 74, 151,
152, 154
Collaborative Design Process, 280
Collaborative Engineering, 3, 37, 38, 39,
41, 42, 51, 58, 69, 91, 109
Collaborative Engineering Design, 37,
38, 58
Collaborative Manufacturing, 137
Collaborative Manufacturing, 151
Collaborative Product Design And
Manufacturing, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 81,
85, 87
Collaborative System, 39, 40, 51, 60,
111, 153
Computer Numerical Control, 175
Computer Supported Cooperative Work,
38, 60
Computer-Aided Design, 6, 38, 60, 72,
92, 109, 110, 136, 137, 140, 202
Computer-Aided Engineering, 9, 110,
202, 285
Computer-Aided Manufacturing, 60, 73,
110, 202
Computer-Aided Process Planning, 72,
110
Concurrent And Collaborative
Engineering, 109
Conflict Resolution, 3, 37, 38, 39, 40,
41, 44, 51, 58, 139, 145
CORBA, 2, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 28, 35, 39,
75
Cost Analysis, 287, 288, 292, 302, 303
CPD, 255, 256, 257, 258, 260, 261, 262,
266, 268, 269, 273, 276, 277, 280,
285
CRM, 236
CSCW, 39, 93
Customer Relationship Management,
236
Database Management System, 110
DBMS, 110
DCOM, 2, 10, 28, 35, 75306 Index
Design Process, 12, 15, 16, 18, 21, 23,
24, 30, 34, 38, 40, 93, 94, 95, 201,
203, 204, 205, 206, 208, 209, 210,
211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217,
218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224,
225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 259, 280
Design Process Lifecycle Management,
202, 229
Design-by-Feature, 111, 137
Detailed Virtual Design System, 61
Dialog Graph, 43, 46
Direct Cost, 293
Distributed And Collaborative
Manufacturing, 137, 139
Distributed Process Planning, 152, 153,
175, 176
Distributed Process Planning, 151, 156
Distributed Scheduling, 180, 186
Distributed Virtual Factory, 287, 288,
289, 302
Document Type Definition, 80, 81
DOME, 11, 12, 14, 39
DPP, 151, 156, 157, 159, 161, 162, 163,
164, 170, 175
DTD, 80, 81
DVDS, 61
DVF, 287, 288, 289, 290, 292, 298, 301,
302
Dynamic Scheduling, 151, 152, 153,
156, 164, 174, 175, 177, 180, 182,
184, 185, 189, 192, 196
Dynamic Scheduling, 176, 198
E-Commerce, 7
Engineering Design, 35, 38, 39, 37, 38,
40, 41, 59, 69, 230, 231, 232, 234,
287
Enterprise Resource Planning, 176, 235
ERP, 176, 198, 236
EXPRESS, 38, 109, 112, 113, 117, 118,
134, 135, 137, 248, 250, 287
Extended Enterprise, 71, 91, 92
Extensible Distributed Product
Realization, 1, 4, 18
FAM, 48, 49, 50
Feature, 109, 112, 113, 115, 116, 117,
119, 121, 123, 125, 126, 127, 129,
131, 133, 134, 136
Feature Conversion, 74, 111, 137
Feature Model, 109, 111, 112, 113, 116,
117, 121, 123, 126, 135
Feature Recognition, 74, 91, 111, 157
FIPER, 11, 12, 13, 16, 37, 218, 230
Flexible Manufacturing Systems, 176,
200, 288
FMS, 48, 49, 50, 176, 177, 182, 288
Fuzzy Association Memory, 48, 50
Fuzzy Inference, 44, 48
Fuzzy Inference Rules, 48
Fuzzy Logic, 41, 58
Fuzzy Membership Functions, 47
Fuzzy System, 48
G-Code, 158, 247
Generic Feature Model, 117
Geometrical Modeling, 109, 110, 111,
117, 131, 135
Graphical User Interface, 67
GUI, 62, 67
Heterogeneous Platforms, 5, 6, 15, 32,
38
Heterogeneous Programming Languages,
5, 6, 32, 33
Heuristic Rules, 44, 45
HTTP, 10, 28, 77, 78, 85, 86, 87, 155,
165, 167, 175
IDT, 60
Immersive Discussion Tool, 60
Indirect Cost, 293, 296
Intellectual Capital, 201, 202, 210
Internet, 1, 6, 9, 10, 18, 19, 21, 36, 37,
39, 40, 59, 61, 67, 70, 74, 91, 92, 139,
141, 152, 153, 176, 188, 200
JADE, 195
JATLITE, 141, 142, 149, 151
Java, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 19, 21, 23, 24, 27,
28, 29, 31, 33, 34, 39, 51, 58, 59, 61,
75, 77, 84, 85, 138, 142, 149, 151,
152, 153, 155, 162, 165, 167, 169,
170, 171, 174, 176, 195
Java 3D, 59, 85, 152, 153, 155, 165, 167,
169, 170, 171, 174, 176
Java Native Interface, 77
JIT, 298
JNI, 77
Just In Time, 298
Knowledge Query And Manipulation
Language, 141
Knowledge Query Modeling Language,
11
KQML, 11, 141, 142, 151
LCAs, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26, 29, 30,
202, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 211,
212, 213, 216, 221, 222, 226
Linear Cellular Alloys, 4, 13, 16, 17, 38,
202Index 307
LISP, 9
M3D, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102,
103, 106, 107, 108
Machining Process Sequencing, 157
Manufacturability, 137, 138, 139, 140,
141, 144
Manufacturability, 140
MAS, 138, 140, 143
Mass, 138
Middleware, 2, 35, 75, 77, 84, 85, 92
Multi-Agent Systems, 138, 175, 186,
191
NASTRAN, 256
NC, 168, 170, 171, 247, 254, 296
Netbuilder, 11, 12, 14, 37
Ontology, 250
Open Engineering Systems, 1, 2, 4, 33,
35, 233
Outer Core, 250
OWL, 255, 256, 257, 258, 260, 269, 270,
271, 272, 283, 285, 286
Parasolid Modeling Kernel, 77
Pdps, 201, 202
PLM, 61, 137, 201, 202, 203, 204, 213,
215, 227, 229, 236, 240, 241, 242,
243, 252, 253
Plug-And-Play, 71, 72, 75, 85, 90, 224
Plug-And-Play, Ix, 71
Process, 249, 250
Process Planning, 11, 60, 82, 84, 111,
135, 136, 137, 139, 141, 143, 144,
146, 149, 150, 156, 157, 165, 174,
239, 247, 248, 258, 259, 261
Process Specification Language, 220,
233, 249, 285, 286
Product Development Processes, 201,
202, 231
Product Lifecycle Management, 61, 201,
202, 227, 231, 235, 236, 253
PROLOG, 9
PSL, 220, 233, 247, 249, 250, 256, 285,
286
PSL-Core, 250
Remote Procedure Call, 33
RPC, 10, 33
Scheduling, 137, 138, 139, 141, 144,
149, 151, 154, 156, 159, 162, 164,
175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181,
182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188,
189, 190, 191, 193, 194, 195, 196,
198, 199, 200, 201, 248
SCM, 227, 287, 288
SDK, 12, 16
Shop Floor, 164, 175, 176, 177, 182, 195
SMARTEAM, 61
SOAP, 13, 19, 21, 25, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33,
38, 84, 191, 192, 193
Standard Development Kit, 16
STEP, 21, 22, 34, 38, 72, 73, 111, 117,
136, 220, 232, 246, 247, 255, 256,
257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263,
266, 267, 271, 272, 274, 278, 285,
287, 296, 297
STEP-NC, 247
Supply Chain, 8, 10, 34, 139, 150, 154,
176, 188, 227, 229, 236, 237, 246,
250, 252
Supply Chain Management, 287
UDDI, 29, 39, 186, 190, 196
Universal Description, Discovery, And
Integration, 29
VCM, 151, 152, 154, 175
VE, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68,
69, 287, 288, 292, 298, 301, 302
View-Control-Model, 151, 152
Virtual Enterprise, 287
Virtual Prototyping, 63
VR, 59, 60, 61, 62, 65, 67, 68, 70, 95
VRML, 9, 61, 72, 94, 96, 99, 100, 153
Web, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 23, 25,
28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38,
39, 40, 42, 51, 58, 59, 60, 61, 69, 70,
91, 92, 95, 98, 99, 109, 110, 112, 135,
136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 145, 150,
151, 152, 153, 155, 164, 165, 166,
170, 171, 173, 174, 176, 175, 186,
187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 193, 195,
200, 201, 255, 256, 273, 274, 276,
285, 286, 287
Web Ontology Language, 255, 257, 285
Web Service Description Language, 7,
34
Web-Based CAD Systems, 39
WIP, 298
Work In Process, 298
Workcell, 175, 176, 177, 178, 180, 181,
182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 189, 190,
191, 192, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198
Workflow, 16
WSDL, 7, 19, 20, 21, 25, 28, 29, 30, 31,
32, 33, 34, 35
X-DPR, 1, 4, 9, 12, 13, 18, 19, 20, 21,
23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34308 Index
XML, 10, 13, 19, 20, 21, 23, 25, 26, 27,
28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 37, 78, 80, 81,
82, 84, 85, 86, 153, 193, 219, 256,
257, 260, 270, 274, 276, 278, 280,
282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287
XML Schema, 29, 270
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