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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب The Effects of UV Light and Weather on Plastics and Elastomers Second Edition
![كتاب The Effects of UV Light and Weather on Plastics and Elastomers T_e_o_20](https://i.servimg.com/u/f61/15/36/74/14/t_e_o_20.jpg) و المحتوى كما يلي :
Liesl K. Massey Table of Contents Preface xv List of Graphs and Tables . xvii Introduction 1 How to Use This Book . 1 Weatherability . 1 Weather Defined . 1 Variations in Natural Weathering 1 Testing for Weatherability . 1 Elements of Weather 2 Radiation . 2 Wavelength Regions of UV Radiation 2 Moisture 3 Radiation and Water 3 Radiation and Oxygen 3 Reducing the Effect of Radiation 3 Surface Temperature and Thermal Degradation . 4 Material Properties Post-Exposure 4 UV Additives and Stabilizers . 5 UV Absorbers 6 Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers . 6 Antioxidants 6 UV Inhibitors . 6 Test Environments 7 Indoor and Interior Exposure 7 Outdoor Testing . 7 Accelerated Outdoor Tests 8 Conventional Aging . 8 Conventional Aging with Spray 8 Humidity Variations . 9 Solar Radiation . 9 Sample Mounting Direction . 9 Artificial Accelerated Tests . 9 Conditions for Reproducing Natural Weathering Stresses in the Laboratory 9 Xenon Arc 10 Fluorescent or QUV . 10 Carbon Arc or Fadeometer 11 Test Results 11 Notes on Variability in Testing and Results 11 Color Stability 12vi The Effects of UV Light and Weather on Plastics and Elastomers Thermoplastics ABS Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene—Chapter 1 13 Weathering Properties . 13 Stabilization 13 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 14 Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylate/Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Capstock—Chapter 2 33 Weathering Properties . 33 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 33 Acetal Acetal—Chapter 3 . 35 Weathering Properties: General 35 Weathering Properties: Colored Material . 35 Weathering Properties: Unpigmented Material 36 Weathering Properties: Elevated Air Temperature . 36 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 37 Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylate Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylate—Chapter 4 47 Weathering Properties . 47 Degree of Discoloration . 47 Thermal Resistance 47 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 48 Acrylic Acrylic and Acrylic Copolymer—Chapter 5 . 57 Weathering Properties . 57 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 58 Acrylic and Polyvinyl Chloride Coextrusion—Chapter 6 . 65 Weathering Properties . 65 Cellulosic Plastic Cellulose Acetate Butyrate—Chapter 7 . 67 Weathering Properties . 67 Color Retention . 67 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 68Table of Contents vii Fluoropolymers Fluoropolymers: Overview—Chapter 8 . 71 Fluoropolymer Weathering . 71 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE or TFE)—Chapter 9 . 73 Weathering Properties . 73 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 73 Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP)—Chapter 10 . 75 Weathering Properties . 75 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 75 Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA and MFA)—Chapter 11 . 79 Weathering Properties . 79 Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)—Chapter 12 . 81 Weathering Properties . 81 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE)—Chapter 13 87 Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE)—Chapter 14 . 91 Weathering Properties . 91 Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE)—Chapter 15 95 Weathering Properties . 95 Polyvinyl Fluoride (PVF)—Chapter 16 97 Weathering Properties . 97 Ionomer Ionomer—Chapter 17 . 103 Weathering Properties 103 Polyphenylene Oxide Polyphenylene Oxide—Chapter 18 109 Weathering Resistance . 109 Nylon Nylon: Overview—Chapter 19 . 115 Weathering Properties: General . 115 Weathering Properties: UV Stabilization . 115 Weathering Properties: Colored Material 115viii The Effects of UV Light and Weather on Plastics and Elastomers Nylon 6—Chapter 20 117 Weathering Properties 117 Nylon 12—Chapter 21 127 Weathering Properties 127 Nylon with Glass Fiber—Chapter 22 . 133 Weathering Properties 133 Nylon 66—Chapter 23 135 Weathering Properties 135 Weathering Properties: Colored Material 135 Nylon 6,6T—Chapter 24 137 Weathering Properties 137 Nylon MXD6—Chapter 25 139 Polyarylamide—Chapter 26 . 143 Weathering Properties 143 Polycarbonate Polycarbonate—Chapter 27 . 147 Weathering Properties 147 Light Transmission 148 Weathering Properties: UV Stabilization . 148 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 148 Polycarbonate Blends—Chapter 28 159 Weathering Properties 159 Weathering Properties: Stabilization . 159 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 159 Polyester Polybutylene Terephthalate—Chapter 29 161 Weathering Properties 161 Weathering Properties: Stabilization . 161 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 162 Polyethylene Terephthalate—Chapter 30 . 167 Weathering Properties 167 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 168Table of Contents ix Liquid Crystal Polymers—Chapter 31 . 173 Weathering Properties 173 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 174 Polyarylate—Chapter 32 175 Weathering Properties 175 Polyimide Polyimide—Chapter 33 . 177 Weathering Properties: General . 177 Weathering Properties: Outer Space and Nuclear Environments . 177 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 177 Polyamideimide—Chapter 34 . 181 Weathering Properties 181 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 181 Polyetherimide—Chapter 35 183 Weathering Properties 183 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 183 Polyketone Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)—Chapter 36 185 Weathering Properties 185 Polyolefin Polyethylene: Overview—Chapter 37 187 Weathering Properties: General . 187 Polyethylene Films 187 Weathering Properties: Color Pigments . 188 Weathering Properties: UV Stabilizers . 188 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 189 Low Density Polyethylene—Chapter 38 193 High Density Polyethylene—Chapter 39 . 195 Weathering Properties: Colored Material 195 Carbon Black 195 White Pigments 195 Yellow Pigments 195 Red Pigments 196 Orange Pigments 196 Blue and Green Pigments 197x The Effects of UV Light and Weather on Plastics and Elastomers Pigment Dispersion 197 Part Thickness . 197 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 198 Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene—Chapter 40 . 211 Polyethylene Copolymers—Chapter 41 213 Weathering Properties 213 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 214 Polypropylene—Chapter 42 . 215 Weathering Properties: Stabilization . 215 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 217 Polymethylpentene—Chapter 43 223 Weathering Properties 223 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 223 Polyphenylene Sulfide Polyphenylene Sulfide—Chapter 44 . 225 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 225 Polystyrene General Purpose Polystyrene—Chapter 45 . 227 Weathering Properties 227 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 227 High Impact Polystyrene—Chapter 46 . 231 Weathering Properties 231 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 232 Polysulfone Polysulfone—Chapter 47 239 Weathering Properties 239 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 239 Polyethersulfone—Chapter 48 . 241 Weathering Properties 241 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 241Table of Contents xi Styrene Acrylonitrile Copolymer Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymer—Chapter 49 . 243 Weathering Properties 243 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 244 Styrene Butadiene Copolymer Styrene-Butadiene Copolymer—Chapter 50 247 Weathering Properties 247 Indoor UV Light Resistance and Indirect Sunlight . 247 Vinyl Resin Polyvinyl Chloride—Chapter 51 . 249 Weathering Properties 249 Thickness 249 Plasticizers 249 Additional Plasticizers . 250 Stabilizers . 251 Pigments and Colorants 251 Yellowing . 252 Weathering Properties: Stabilization . 252 Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride—Chapter 52 255 Weathering Properties 255 Thermoplastic Blends/Alloys ABS Vinyl Resin Alloy ABS Polyvinyl Chloride Alloy—Chapter 53 257 Weathering Properties 257 Acrylic (PMMA) Polyvinyl Alloy—Chapter 54 . 259 Weathering Properties 259 Polycarbonate ABS Alloy—Chapter 55 261 Weathering Properties 261 Biodegradable Thermoplastic Alloys Biodegradable Polyethylene Films Biodegradable Polyethylene Films—Chapter 56 263xii The Effects of UV Light and Weather on Plastics and Elastomers Degradation Rate . 263 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 264 Starch Synthetic Resin Alloy—Chapter 57 . 269 Biodegradability 269 Thermosets Polyester Thermoset Polyester—Chapter 58 . 271 Polyester Powder . 271 Urethane Polyesters 271 Weathering Properties: UV Stabilization . 271 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 272 Polyurethane Polyurethane Reaction Injection Molding System—Chapter 59 . 273 Weathering Properties 273 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 274 Thermoplastic Elastomers Thermoplastic Elastomers Thermoplastic Elastomers: Overview—Chapter 60 . 279 Chlorinate Polyethylene Elastomer—Chapter 61 . 281 Weathering Properties 281 Olefinic Thermoplastic Elastomer—Chapter 62 283 Weathering Properties 283 Outdoor Accelerated Exposure Testing 284 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 285 Polyester Thermoplastic Elastomer—Chapter 63 . 301 Weathering Properties 301 Weathering Properties: Color Pigments . 301 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 302 Polystyrene-Butadiene-Styrene Thermoplastic—Chapter 64 311 Weathering Properties 311 Styrenic Thermoplastic Elastomer—Chapter 65 313 Weathering Properties 313Table of Contents xiii Weathering Properties: Stabilization . 313 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 314 Urethane Thermoplastic Elastomer—Chapter 66 . 315 Weathering Properties 315 Weathering Properties: UV Stabilization . 316 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 317 Nitrile Thermoplastic Elastomers—Chapter 67 . 323 Weathering Properties 323 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 324 Thermosetting Elastomers (Rubbers) Thermoset Elastomers or Rubbers Thermoset Elastomers or Rubbers: Overview—Chapter 68 . 325 Butyl Rubber, Bromobutyl Rubber, and Chlorobutyl Rubber—Chapter 69 327 Weathering Properties 327 Weathering Properties: Ozone Resistance 327 Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Rubber—Chapter 70 . 329 Weathering Properties 329 Weathering Properties: Color Pigments . 329 Weathering Properties: Curing Systems . 330 Weathering Properties: Fillers . 331 Weathering Properties: Plasticizers . 332 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 332 Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer—Chapter 71 343 Weathering Properties 343 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 343 Ethylene-Propylene Diene Methylene Terpolymer—Chapter 72 . 345 UV Resistance . 345 Outdoor Weather Resistance . 345 Accelerated Outdoor Weathering Resistance 346 Accelerated Artificial Weathering Resistance 347 Effect of Carbon Black on Weatherability 347 Effect of Color Pigments on Weatherability 347 Effective UV Screening Agents in Mineral-Filled Vulcanizates . 348 Effect of Curing Systems on Weatherability 348 Effect of Plasticizers on Weatherability 348 Ozone Resistance 348 Neoprene Rubber—Chapter 73 373 Weathering Properties 373 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 374xiv The Effects of UV Light and Weather on Plastics and Elastomers Polybutadiene—Chapter 74 . 383 Weathering Properties 383 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 384 Polyisoprene Rubber—Chapter 75 . 385 Weathering Properties 385 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 386 Polyurethane—Chapter 76 391 Weathering Properties 391 Weathering Properties: Stabilization . 391 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 392 Silicone Rubber—Chapter 77 . 393 Weathering Properties 393 Weathering Properties by Material Supplier Trade Name 393 Fluoropolymers in Coating Applications—Appendix 1 395 Architectural Fabrics 395 Fabric Base Materials 395 Fabric Coatings 395 Fabric Top Finishes or Topcoats 395 Weathering Resistance . 396 Coil Coatings—Appendix 2 . 399 Comparative Properties and Performance Chart 399 Coil Coating Topcoats 399 Glossary of Terms 401 References 445 Trade Name Index 453 Plastics Design Library . 455 Trade Name Index Advanced Elastomer Systems Santoprene—Chapter 62 American Cyanamid TMXDI (META)—Chapter 76 Arkema Kynar—Chapter 12 Atoglas Plexiglas—Chapter 5 Ausimont Dutral-TER—Chapter 72 BASF Capron—Chapter 20 Elastollan—Chapter 66 Luran—Chapter 1, 4, 49 Polystyrol—Chapter 45 Styrolux—Chapter 64 Terluran—Chapter 1 Ultradur—Chapter 29 Ultraform—Chapter 3 Ultramid—Chapter 20, 22, 24 Ultrason—Chapter 48 Bayer Bayblend—Chapter 55 Chevron Phillips Marlex—Chapter 39 Ryton—Chapter 44 K-Resin—Chapter 50 Cyro Acrylite—Chapter 5 Cyrolon—Chapter 5 Dow Calibre—Chapter 27 Engage—Chapter 62 Pellethane—Chapter 66 Pulse—Chapter 55 Styron—Chapter 46 Tyril—Chapter 49 Tyrin—Chapter 61 Dow Corning Silastic—Chapter 77 DuPont Delrin—Chapter 3 Hypalon—Chapter 70 Hytrel—Chapter 63 Kapton—Chapter 33 Kevlar—Appendix 1 Neoprene—Chapter 73 Nordel—Chapter 72 Rynite—Chapter 30 Surlyn—Chapter 17 Tedlar—Chapter 16, Appendix 1 Teflon—Chapter 9, Appendix 1 Tefzel—Chapter 15 Zytel—Chapter 23 Eastman Tenite—Chapter 7 Eliokem Chemigum—Chapter 67 EMS Grivory Grilamid—Chapter 21 Exxon Vistalon—Chapter 72 GE Plastics Cycolac—Chapter 1, 2 Cycoloy—Chapter 28 Geloy—Chapter 2, 4 Lexan—Chapter 27 Noryl—Chapter 18 Ultem—Chapter 35 Goodyear Natsyn—Chapter 75 Honeywell Aclar—Chapter 13 Japan Synthetic Rubber Company JSR BR—Chapter 74454 The Effects of UV Light and Weather on Plastics and Elastomers Laporte AlphaGary Evoprene—Chapter 65 LNP Engineering Plastics General Purpose Polystyrene—Chapter 45 Nylon 6/6—Chapter 22 Nylon 6—Chapter 20 Polycarbonate—Chapter 27 Polyethylene—Chapter 37 Polypropylene—Chapter 42 Polysulfone—Chapter 47 Lucite Tufcoat—Chapter 6 Mitsubishi Iupital—Chapter 3 Rayon—Chapter 4 Reny—Chapter 25 Mitsui Chemicals TPX—Chapter 43 NOVA Chemicals Styrosun—Chapter 46 Novacor NAS—Chapter 5 Zylar—Chapter 5 Novamont Mater-Bi—Chapter 57 Novatec Kydex—Chapter 54 Novaloy—Chapter 53 Noveon Estane—Chapter 66 Polimeri Dutral—Chapter 71 PolyOne Forprene—Chapter 62 Geon—Chapter 51 Recticel Colo-Fast—Chapter 59, 76 Shell Chemical Kraton—Chapter 65 Solvay Advanced Polymers IXEF—Chapter 26 Torlon—Chapter 34 Solvay Plastics Udel—Chapter 47 Solvay Solexis Halar—Chapter 12, 14 Hylar—Chapter 12 Solef—Chapter 12 Ticona Celanex—Chapter 29 Celcon—Chapter 3 GUR—Chapter 40 Hostaform—Chapter 3 Vectra—Chapter 31 Ube Nylon 6—Chapter 20 Upilex—Chapter 33 Upimol—Chapter 33 United Coatings Elastuff—Chapter 76 Victrex Victrex PEEK—Chapter 36 Westlake Ardel—Chapter 32Plastics Design Library Founding Editor: William A. Woishnis Fluorinated Coatings and Finishes Handbook: The Definitive User’s Guide and Databook, Laurence W. McKeen, 978-0-8155-1522-7, 400 pp., 2006 Fluoroelastomers Handbook: The Definitive User’s Guide and Databook, Albert L. Moore, 0-8155- 1517-0, 359 pp., 2006 Reactive Polymers Fundamentals and Applications: A Concise Guide to Industrial Polymers, J.K. Fink, 0-8155-1515-4, 800 pp., 2005 Fluoropolymers Applications in Chemical Processing Industries, P. R. Khaladkar, and S. Ebnesajjad, 0-8155-1502-2, 592 pp., 2005 The Effect of Sterilization Methods on Plastics and Elastomers, 2nd Ed., L. K. Massey, 0-8155-1505- 7, 408 pp., 2005 Extrusion: The Definitive Processing Guide and Handbook, H. F. Giles, Jr., J. R. Wagner, Jr., and E. M. Mount, III, 0-8155-1473-5, 572 pp., 2005 Film Properties of Plastics and Elastomers, 2nd Ed., L. K. Massey, 1-884207-94-4, 250 pp., 2004 Handbook of Molded Part Shrinkage and Warpage, J. Fischer, 1-884207-72-3, 244 pp., 2003 Fluoroplastics, Volume 2: Melt-Processible Fluoroplastics, S. Ebnesajjad, 1-884207-96-0, 448 pp., 2002 Permeability Properties of Plastics and Elastomers, 2nd Ed., L. K. Massey, 1-884207-97-9, 550 pp., 2002 Rotational Molding Technology, R. J. Crawford and J. L. Throne, 1-884207-85-5, 450 pp., 2002 Specialized Molding Techniques & Application, Design, Materials and Processing, H. P. Heim, and H. Potente, 1-884207-91-X, 350 pp., 2002 Chemical Resistance CD-ROM, 3rd Ed., Plastics Design Library Staff, 1-884207-90-1, 2001 Plastics Failure Analysis and Prevention, J. Moalli, 1-884207-92-8, 400 pp., 2001 Fluoroplastics, Volume 1: Non-Melt Processible Fluoroplastics, S. Ebnesajjad, 1-884207-84-7, 365 pp., 2000 Coloring Technology for Plastics, R. M. Harris, 1- 884207-78-2, 333 pp., 1999 Conductive Polymers and Plastics in Industrial Applications, L. M. Rupprecht, 1-884207-77-4, 302 pp., 1999 Imaging and Image Analysis Applications for Plastics, B. Pourdeyhimi, 1-884207-81-2, 398 pp., 1999 Metallocene Technology in Commercial Applications, G. M. Benedikt, 1-884207-76-6, 325 pp., 1999 Weathering of Plastics, G. Wypych, 1-884207-75-8, 325 pp., 1999 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis for Plastics Engineering, M. Sepe, 1-884207-64-2, 230 pp., 1998 Medical Plastics: Degradation Resistance and Failure Analysis, R. C. Portnoy, 1-884207-60-X, 215 pp., 1998 Metallocene Catalyzed Polymers, G. M. Benedikt and B. L. Goodall, 1-884207-59-6, 400 pp., 1998 Polypropylene: The Definitive User’s Guide and Databook, C. Maier and T. Calafut, 1-884207-58- 8, 425 pp., 1998 Handbook of Plastics Joining, Plastics Design Library Staff, 1-884207-17-0, 600 pp., 1997 Fatigue and Tribological Properties of Plastics and Elastomers, Plastics Design Library Staff, 1-884207-15-4, 595 pp., 1995 Chemical Resistance, Vol. 1, Plastics Design Library Staff, 1-884207-12-X, 1100 pp., 1994456 The Effects of UV Light and Weather on Plastics and Elastomers Chemical Resistance, Vol. 2, Plastics Design Library Staff, 1-884207-13-8, 977 pp., 1994 The Effect of UV Light and Weather on Plastics and Elastomers, 1st Ed., Plastics Design Library Staff, 1-884207-11-1, 481 pp., 1994 The Effect of Creep and Other Time Related Factors on Plastics and Elastomers, Plastics Design Library Staff, 1-884207-03-0, 528 pp., 1991 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics, Plastics Design Library Staff, 1-884207- 06-5, 420 pp., 1991
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