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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Modeling the Wireless Propagation Channel - A Simulation Approach with MATLAB F. Perez Fontan and P. Marino Espineira University of Vigo, Spain
![كتاب Modeling the Wireless Propagation Channel - A Simulation Approach with MATLAB M_t_w_10](https://i.servimg.com/u/f61/15/36/74/14/m_t_w_10.jpg) و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents About the Series Editors xi Preface xiii Acknowledgments xvii 1 Introduction to Wireless Propagation 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Wireless Propagation Basics 4 1.3 Link Budgets 9 1.4 Projects 12 Project 1.1: Fast Fading Series 12 Project 1.2: Shadowing Plus Multipath 19 Project 1.3: Complex Envelope Series 23 1.5 Summary 26 References 26 Software Supplied 27 2 Shadowing Effects 29 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 Projects 39 Project 2.1: Knife-Edge Diffraction Calculations by Means ofNumerical Integration 39 Project 2.2: Knife-Edge Diffraction Calculations Using Functions C and S 41 Project 2.3: Simple Building Shadowing Model 42 Project 2.4: Simple Street Model.Correlated Shadowing Series 46 Project 2.5: Terrain Effects. Four-Ray Model 48 Project 2.6: Other Screen Shadowing Scenarios 51 Project 2.7: Terrain Effects. Edwards and Durkin Method 54 2.3 Summary 59 References 59 Software Supplied 60viii Contents 3 Coverage and Interference 61 3.1 Introduction 61 3.2 Hata Model 65 3.3 Projects 66 Project 3.1: Generating Realistic Series withPath Lossand Shadowing 66 Project 3.2: Generating PartiallyCross-CorrelatedShadowing Series 71 Project 3.3: Area Coverage 75 Project 3.4: Multiple Interference 78 3.4 Summary 81 References 82 Software Supplied 82 4 Introduction to Multipath 83 4.1 Introduction 83 4.2 Projects 84 Project 4.1: Direct Signal, Angle ofArrival and Doppler Shift 84 Project 4.2: Direct and Reflected Signals 91 Project 4.3: Two Scatterers 94 Project 4.4: Multiple Scatterers 97 Project 4.5: Standing Wave due to Multipath 99 Project 4.6: Quasi-standing Wave 100 Project 4.7: Link Between Moving Terminals 102 4.3 Summary 103 References 103 Software Supplied 104 5 Multipath: Narrowband Channel 105 5.1 Introduction 105 5.2 Projects 105 Project 5.1: The Clarke Model 106 Project 5.2: The Rice Channel 117 Project 5.3: Rayleigh Channel Simulator using Sinusoidal Generators 119 Project 5.4: Simulator using Two Filtered Gaussians in Quadrature. Butterworth Response 123 Project 5.5: Diversity and Combining at the MobileStation 129 Project 5.6: Diversity and Combining at the BaseStation 131 5.3 Summary 135 References 135 Software Supplied 135 6 Shadowing and Multipath 137 6.1 Introduction 137 6.2 Projects 137 Project 6.1: The Suzuki Model 137 Project 6.2: Power Control 142Contents ix Project 6.3: The Loo Model 146 6.3 Summary 150 References 151 Software Supplied 151 7 Multipath: Wideband Channel 153 7.1 Introduction 153 7.2 Deterministic Multiple Point-Scatterer Model 155 7.3 Channel System Functions 157 7.4 Stochastic Description of the Wireless Channel 160 7.5 Projects 165 Project 7.1: Time-Varying Frequency Response 165 Project 7.2: Ideal Channel in the Time-Delay Domain and Channel Sounding 172 Project 7.3: The Scattering Function 176 Project 7.4: Tapped Delay-Line Models - COST 207 179 7.6 Summary 184 References 184 Software Supplied 185 8 Propagation in Microcells and Picocells 187 8.1 Introduction 187 8.2 Review of Some Propagation Basics 187 8.3 Microcell and Picocell Empirical Models 195 8.4 Projects 197 Project 8.1: The Two-Ray Model 197 Project 8.2: Street Canyon Propagation 202 Project 8.3: Side Street Scenario 204 Project 8.4: Wideband Indoor Propagation - The SalehValenzuela Model 205 Project 8.5: Building Penetration Through Windows 209 8.5 Summary 211 References 211 Software Supplied 212 9 The Land Mobile Satellite Channel 213 9.1 Introduction 213 9.2 Projects 214 Project 9.1: Two-State Markov Model 214 Project 9.2: Coverage Using Constellations of Satellites 219 Project 9.3: LMS Propagation in Virtual Cities 221 Project 9.4: Doppler Shift 224 9.3 Summary 226 References 226 Software Supplied 227x Contents 10 The Directional Wireless Channel 229 10.1 Introduction 229 10.2 MIMO Systems 229 10.3 Projects 236 Project 10.1: Generating Clustered Point-Scatterer Propagation Scenarios 236 Project 10.2: MIMO Channel Modeling Using the Multiple Point Scatterers 240 Project 10.3: Statistical Modeling of the MIMO Channel 244 10.4 Summary 247 References 247 Software Supplied 248 Index 249 Index 2G (second generation), 5 3G (third generation), 5, 142-143 systems, 86 3GPP, 229 Analog to digital converter (ADC), 13 Angle of arrival (AoA), 236, 247 Angle of departure (AoD), 236 Angle spread, 95, 97 Area coverage quality/probability, 61 Area coverage systems, 4 Autocorrelation function (ACF), 160, 161, 173 Average fade duration (afd), 110 Basic loss, 9, 10 Bello, 153 Bistatic radar equation, 12 Bit error rate (BER), 105 Break point, 195, 199, 202 Brewster angle, 214, 224 BS base station, 1 Butterworth filter, 126-128 Carrier-to-interference ratio (CIR), 78 Carrier-to-multipath ratio (C/M), 118 Carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), 105 Central limit theorem, 30 Channel sounding, 236 Chi-square goodness-of-fit test, 16 Cholesky factorization, 71, 73 Clarke model, 106, 108 Clearance, 38, 42, 56, 57 Cluster, 206, 207, 208, 209 Clustering, 206, 211 Cochannel, 199 Coherence bandwidth, 154, 163, 164, 172, 174 Coherence time, 163, 164 Combiner, 129-130 equal gain, 129-130 maximal ratio, 129-130 selective, 129-130 switched, 129-130 Complementary error function (erfc), 21 Complex envelope (CE), 156, 158, 166, 167 Continuous wave (CW), 3, 23 Correlation coefficient, 71-74, 80 Correlation distance/length, 67, 68, 71, 73, 75 COST 231 model, 9 Hata model, 65-66 multi-wall model, 197 Walfisch-Ikegami model, 66 Covariance, 71-72 Cross-correlation, 46, 48, 49, 59, 71-73, 81, 109, 124, 130-134 Cumulative distribution function (CDF), 13-14 dB, 7-13, 20, 22, 24-26 dBmV, dB relative to 1mV, 20 dBm, 10, 12-14, 19 dBW, 10 Degrees of freedom (dof), 17-19 Delay spread, 162-166, 172, 174 Delay-power spectral density, 161 Diagonalization, 232, 241 Diffuse scattered multipath, 214 Diffuse scattering, 11 Direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS), 142-146 Distribution of fade durations, 112-113 Modeling the Wireless Propagation Channel: A Simulation Approach with MATLAB F. Perez Fontan and P. Marino Espineira
2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-470-72785-0250 Index Diversity gain and the diversity improvement, 131 Doppler shift, 83, 84, 88, 90, 94, 95, 102, 103 Doppler spread, 94, 95, 97 Doppler-power spectral density, 162 Downlink, 84 Effective antenna aperture, 10 Effective height, 9 Energy per bit to noise spectral density ratio, Eb=N0, 105 Equivalent isotropic radiate power (EIRP), 10 Erf is the error function, 21 Excess loss, 10 Exponential distribution, 13 Fade margin, 12, 14 Fade rate, 83, 94, 95, 97 Faraday rotation, 213 Fast or short-term variations, 4, 6 Field strength (V/m), 6, 10, 11, 13 First Fresnel zone radius, 44 First-order, discrete-time Markov chain, 215, 216 Flat fading, 153, 165 Free space, 229 Free space loss, 8, 10, 11 Frequency-selective fading, 153, 154, 165 channel, 153 Fresnel diffraction factor, 34 Fresnel reflection and transmission coefficients, 190, 191, 194 Fresnel sine and cosine integrals, 35 Fresnel-Kirchhoff equation, 39, 40, 51, 54 Fringe coverage quality/probability, 61 Gamma distribution, 18 Gamma function, 18 Generalized or effective reflection and transmission coefficient, 192 Geostationary orbit (GEO), 213 Global positioning system (GPS), 213 GSM, 5 Hand over (HO), 69, 73, 74, 78, 82 Hata model, 9, 65, 66 Heavy walls, 197 Highly elliptical orbit (HEO), 213 Histogram, 14, 15, 16 HO margin, 69 HO threshold, 69, 70 Horizontal polarization, 191 Huygens-Fresnel principle, 30 IEEE 802.11n, 229 Indoor, 1, 4 picocells, 187, 205 In-phase, 3, 13, 23, 24, 25 Instantaneous power-delay profile, 173 Intelligent transportation systems (ITS), 102 Inter-vehicle communications, 84 IS-95, 142 Isotropic antenna, 106 Kepler parameters, 213-214 L- and S-bands, 213 LAN, 5 Land mobile satellite (LMS), 213 Land-usage, 9 Laplace distribution, 236 Larger area, 7-8 Level crossing rate (lcr), 110, 111 Licensed bands, 5 Light walls, 197 Line-of-sight (LOS), 196 Link margin, 14 Local area, 7 Local mean, 7, 8, 20 Location variability, 3, 8, 29, 30 Lognormal distribution, 7, 20, 138, 139, 147 Loo distribution, 147 Low earth orbit (LEO), 213 Low-pass equivalent, 2, 3 Macrocell, 4, 5 Macrodiversity, 73 Masking angle (MKA), 219, 220 Median, 13, 14, 15 Medium earth orbit (MEO), 213 Megacell(s), 4, 213 Metric/decimetric/centimetric waves, 4 Microcell(s), 4, 187, 188, 195-197, 199-202, 204, 211 Minimum state duration or frame, 216 Mixed distributions, 137, 150 Modal value, 13, 15, 22 Mode, 13, 14, 15, 18 Monte Carlo simulation, 79Index 251 MS mobile station, 1 Multipath, 4, 5, 6, 12, 13, 19, 26 Multiple interference, 78, 82 Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), 229 Multiple-input-single-output (MISO), 235 Narrowband channel, 165 Non-frequency-selective or flat fading, 165 Non-GEO orbits, 213 Non-geostationary (non-GEO) orbit satellites, 84, 102 Non-line-of-sight (NLOS), 5 Normal distribution, 7, 8 Normalization criterion, 105 Normalized obstruction, 39, 57 Obscured line-of-sight (OLOS), 196 Okumura model, 65 Operation threshold, 14 Orbit simulators, 213 Outage duration, 105, 128 Outage probability, 12, 14 Outdoor-to-indoor link, 1 Packet error rate (PER), 105 Parallel and perpendicular polarization, 191 Path loss, 4, 9, 10, 12 Picocell, 4 Plane earth, 9 model, 197, 199, 200 Point-scatters, 95 Point-to-multipoint systems, 1 Point-to-point, 1 Poisson and exponential distributions, 207 Power control (PC), 142-146, 150 Power flux density (W/m2), 10, 11 Power-delay profile (PDP), 161, 173 Probability density function (pdf), 13, 14 Propagation mode, 234 Pseudo-Brewster angle, 191 Pseudo-noise sequences (PN), 173 Pulse compression techniques, 172 Quadrature, 3, 13, 23, 24, 25 Quality of service (QoS), 187 Quasi-stationary pattern, 91 Radar cross sections (RCS), 214 Radom FM, 113, 114 Rayleigh distribution, 6, 13, 14, 15, 22, 24 Reflection, 187-196, 198, 200-203 Refraction, 187, 189 Return channel, 236 Rice distribution, 5, 24 Rice k-factor, 118 Rms value, 3, 11, 13, 15 Rms voltage, 3, 11 Roughness, 9 Rx-Diversity receive diversity, 235 Saleh & Valenzuela model (S&V), 205, 236 Satellite diversity, 213, 219, 221 Scattering function, S(t; n), 155, 156, 159, 161, 162, 177-180 Selection combining, 131, 132, 134 Semi-Markov model, 217 Shadowing, 4, 6, 19, 26 Shannon theorem, 229 Shape factor, 195 Significance level of the test, 17 Single-input-multiple-output (SIMO), 235 Single-input-single-output (SISO), 229 Singular value decomposition, 232, 240 Slow or long-term variations, 4, 6 Small area, 7 Smart antennas, 229 Snell’s law, 192 Snell’s laws of reflection and refraction, 187 Sounding techniques, 236 Space diversity, 129, 131, 134, 135 Spaced-frequency correlation functions, 163 Spaced-time correlation, 163 Spatial multiplexing, 229 Specific attenuation, 214 Specular component, 214 Specular reflections, 11, 12 Spread spectrum systems, 73 Standard deviation, 8, 13, 18, 21, 22 Standing wave, 91, 93, 99, 100, 103 State probability matrix, 215 Statistical models, 160 Street canyon, 219, 220 Suzuki distribution, 138, 139, 143, 146 Tapped delay-line (TDL), 153, 158, 179 Terrain irregularity, 9 The Doppler shift and the Doppler spread, 224 The ionosphere, 213 The troposphere, 213252 Index Time-varying transfer function, T(t; f), 149 Transitions probability matrix, 215 Transmission, 187-195 matrix, 230-233, 235, 240, 246 Turbo codes, 230 Tx-diversity transmit diversity, 235 UHF, 1 UMTS, 5 Uncorrelated scattering (US), 153, 160 Undulation, 9 Uniform distribution, 24 Unlicensed bands, 5 Uplink, 5 Urban mask, 219, 226 Vertical polarization, 191, 203 Very slow variations, 4, 8 VHF, 1 Virtual obstacle, 58 Walfisch-Bertoni model, 66 Water filling, 235 Wide sense stationary (WSS), 153, 160 Wide Sense Stationary-Uncorrelated Scattering (WWSUS), 153 Wideband channel, 154, 165, 172, 174, 184, 185 Wireless LAN, 5 WLAN, 236 Word error rate (WER), 106 #ماتلاب,#متلاب,#Matlab,#مات_لاب,#مت_لاب,
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