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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب AutoCAD 2024 3D Modeling Munir M. Hamad Autodesk Approved Instructor
![كتاب AutoCAD 2024 3D Modeling A_2_0_27](https://i.servimg.com/u/f61/15/36/74/14/a_2_0_27.jpg) و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents Preface About the Book Chapter 1 AutoCAD 3D Basics 1.1 Recognizing the 3D Environment 1.2 Looking to Your Model in the 3D Environment 1.2.1 Using Preset Views 1.2.2 Using ViewCube Practice 1-1: AutoCAD 3D Basics 1.3 Orbiting in AutoCAD 1.3.1 Orbit Command 1.3.2 Free Orbit 1.3.3 Continuous Orbit 1.4 Steering Wheel 1.4.1 Zoom Command 1.4.2 Orbit Command 1.4.3 Pan Command 1.4.4 Rewind Command 1.4.5 Center Command 1.4.6 Look Command 1.4.7 Up/Down Command 1.4.8 Walk Command 1.5 Visual Styles Practice 1-2: Orbit, Steering Wheel, and Visual Styles 1.6 What Is the User Coordinate System (UCS)? 1.7 Creating a New UCS by Manipulating the UCS Icon 1.8 Creating a New UCS Using UCS Command 1.8.1 3-Point Option 1.8.2 Origin Option 1.8.3 X / Y / Z Options 1.8.4 Named Option 1.8.5 The Rest of the Options1.8.6 UCS Icon 1.9 DUCS Command 1.10 Two Facts About UCS and DUCS Practice 1-3: User Coordinate System Chapter Review Chapter Review Answers Chapter 2 Creating Solids 2.1 Introduction to Solids 2.2 Creating Solids Using Basic Shapes 2.2.1 Box Command 2.2.2 Cylinder Command 2.2.3 Cone Command 2.2.4 Sphere Command 2.2.5 Pyramid Command 2.2.6 Wedge Command 2.2.7 Torus Command 2.3 Editing Basic Solid Shapes Using Grips 2.4 Editing Basic Solid Shapes Using Quick Properties and Properties 2.5 3D Object SNAP Practice 2-1: Basic Solid Shapes and 3D Object Snap 2.6 Using Boolean Functions 2.6.1 Union Command 2.6.2 Subtract Command 2.6.3 Intersect Command 2.6.4 Solid History 2.7 Using the Presspull Command Practice 2-2: Boolean Functions and Presspull 2.8 Subobjects and Gizmo 2.8.1 Culling 2.8.2 Selection Cycling 2.8.3 Selecting Using Preset Views 2.8.4 Using Gizmo Practice 2-3: Subobjects and Gizmo Project 2-1-M Mechanical Project Using Metric Units Project 2-1-I Mechanical Project Using Imperial Units Project 2-2-M Architectural Project Using Metric Units Project 2-2-I Architectural Project Using Imperial Units Project 2-3-M Mechanical Project Using Metric Units Project 2-3-I Mechanical Project Using Imperial Units Chapter Review Chapter Review Answers Chapter 3 Creating Meshes 3.1 What Are Meshes?3.2 Mesh Basic Shapes 3.3 Manipulating Meshes Using Subobjects and Gizmo 3.4 Increase/Decrease Mesh Smoothness Practice 3-1: Mesh Basic Objects, Subobjects, and Gizmo 3.5 Converting 2D Objects to Meshes 3.5.1 Revolved Surface Command 3.5.2 Edge Surface Command 3.5.3 Ruled Surface Command 3.5.4 Tabulated Surface Command Practice 3-2: Converting 2D Objects to Meshes 3.6 Converting, Refining, and Creasing 3.6.1 Converting Legacy Surfaces or Solids to Meshes 3.6.2 Refining Meshes 3.6.3 Add or Remove Crease Practice 3-3: Converting, Refining, and Creasing 3.7 Mesh Editing Commands 3.7.1 Split Mesh Face 3.7.2 Extrude Face 3.7.3 Merge Faces 3.7.4 Closing a Hole in a Mesh 3.7.5 Collapse a Face or Edge 3.7.6 Spin Triangular Face Practice 3-4: Mesh Editing Commands Project 3-1-M Project Using Metric Units Project 3-1-I Project Using Imperial Units Chapter Review Chapter Review Answers Chapter 4 Creating Surfaces 4.1 Introduction to Surfaces 4.2 Creating Planar Surface and Network Surface 4.2.1 Planar Surface 4.2.2 Network Surface Practice 4-1: Creating Planar and Network Surfaces 4.3 Using Blend, Patch, and Offset Commands 4.3.1 Blend Command 4.3.2 Patch Command 4.3.3 Offset Command Practice 4-2: Blend, Patch, and Offset Commands 4.4 How to Edit Surfaces 4.4.1 Fillet Command 4.4.2 Trim Command 4.4.3 Untrim Command 4.4.4 Extend Command 4.4.5 Sculpt Command 4.4.6 Editing Surfaces Using the GripsPractice 4-3: How to Edit Surfaces Practice 4-4: Fillet and Grips Editing 4.5 Project Geometry 4.5.1 Using Project to UCS 4.5.2 Using Project to View 4.5.3 Using Project to 2 Points Practice 4-5: Project Geometry 4.6 Creating NURBS Surfaces Practice 4-6: NURBS Creation and Editing Chapter Review Chapter Review Answers Chapter 5 Creating Complex Solids and Surfaces 5.1 Introduction 5.2 3D Polyline as a Path 5.3 Helix as a Path 5.3.1 Axis Endpoint Option 5.3.2 Turns Option 5.3.3 Turn Height Option 5.3.4 Editing Helix Using Grips Practice 5-1: Drawing 3D Polyline and Helix 5.4 Using Extrude Command 5.4.1 Create an Extrusion Using Height 5.4.2 Create an Extrusion Using Direction 5.4.3 Create an Extrusion Using Path 5.4.4 Create an Extrusion Using Taper Angle Practice 5-2-A: Using Extrude Command Practice 5-2-B: Using Extrude Command-Differentiate Between Direction and Taper Angle 5.5 Using Loft Command 5.5.1 Lofting Using Guides 5.5.2 Lofting Using Path 5.5.3 Lofting Using Cross Sections Only Practice 5-3: Using Loft Command 5.6 Using Revolve Command Practice 5-4: Using Revolve Command 5.7 Using Sweep Command 5.7.1 Alignment Option 5.7.2 Base Point Option 5.7.3 Scale Option 5.7.4 Twist Option Practice 5-5-A: Using Sweep Command Practice 5-5-B: Using Sweep Command 5.8 Editing Solid and Surfaces Using the Four Commands 5.8.1 Using Grips 5.8.2 Using Quick Properties 5.8.3 Using Properties5.9 DELOBJ System Variable Project 5-1-M: Project Using Metric Units Project 5-1-I: Project Using Imperial Units Chapter Review Chapter Review Answers Chapter 6 Solid Editing Commands 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Extruding Solid Faces 6.3 Tapering Solid Faces Practice 6-1: Extruding and Tapering Solid Faces 6.4 Moving Solid Faces 6.5 Copying Solid Faces Practice 6-2: Moving and Copying Solid Faces 6.6 Offsetting Solid Faces 6.7 Deleting Solid Faces Practice 6-3: Offsetting and Deleting Solid Faces 6.8 Rotating Solid Faces 6.9 Coloring Solid Faces Practice 6-4: Rotating and Coloring Solid Faces 6.10 Extracting Solid Edges 6.11 Extract Isolines 6.12 Imprinting Solids 6.13 Coloring Solid Edges 6.14 Copying Solid Edges 6.15 Offsetting Solid Edges Practice 6-5: All Solid Edges Functions 6.16 Separating Solids 6.17 Shelling Solids Practice 6-6: Separating and Shelling Solid 6.18 Finding Interference Between Solids Practice 6-7: Finding Interference Between Solids Chapter Review Chapter Review Answers Chapter 7 3D Modifying Commands 7.1 3D Move, 3D Rotate, and 3D Scale and Subobjects and Gizmo 7.1.1 3D Move Command 7.1.2 3D Rotate Command 7.1.3 3D Scale Command 7.2 Mirroring in 3D 7.2.1 XY, YZ, and ZX Options 7.2.2 3 Points Option 7.2.3 Last Option 7.2.4 Object, Z-axis, View OptionsPractice 7-1: Mirroring in 3D 7.3 Arraying in 3D Practice 7-2: Arraying in 3D 7.4 Aligning Objects in 3D 7.5 Filleting Solid Edges 7.5.1 Chain Option 7.5.2 Loop Option 7.6 Chamfering Solid Edges Practice 7-3: Aligning, Filleting, and Chamfering Project 7-1-M: Project Using Metric Units Project 7-1-I: Project Using Imperial Units Chapter Review Chapter Review Answers Chapter 8 Converting and Sectioning 8.1 Introduction to Converting 3D Objects 8.2 Converting 2D and 3D Objects to Solids 8.2.1 Thicken Command 8.2.2 Convert to Solid Command 8.3 Converting 2D and 3D Objects to Surfaces 8.3.1 Convert to Surface Command 8.3.2 Explode Command 8.4 Conversion Between Objects—Conclusion Practice 8-1: Converting Objects 8.5 Introduction to Sectioning in 3D 8.6 Sectioning Using the Slice Command Practice 8-2: Slicing Objects 8.7 Sectioning Using the Section Plane Command 8.7.1 Select a Face Method 8.7.2 Draw Section Option 8.7.3 Orthographic Option 8.7.4 Type Option 8.7.5 Section Plane Type Options 8.7.6 Section Plane Grips 8.7.7 Adding Jog to an Existing Section Plane 8.7.8 Live Section Command 8.7.9 Generate Section Command Practice 8-3: Using Section Plane Command 8.8 Sectioning Using the Flatshot Command Practice 8-4: Using the Flatshot Command Chapter Review Chapter Review Answers Chapter 9 Printing 9.1 Named Views and 3D9.2 3D and Viewport Creation Practice 9-1: View and Viewport with 3D 9.3 Model Documentation—Introduction 9.4 Model Documentation—Create Base View 9.5 Model Documentation—Create Projected View 9.6 Model Documentation—Create Section View 9.7 Model Documentation—Section View Style 9.7.1 Identifier and Arrows Tab 9.7.2 Cutting Plane Tab 9.7.3 View Label Tab 9.7.4 Hatch Tab 9.8 Model Documentation—Create Detail View 9.9 Model Documentation—Detail View Style 9.9.1 Identifier Tab 9.9.2 Detail Boundary Tab 9.9.3 View Label Tab 9.10 Model Documentation—Editing View 9.11 Model Documentation—Editing Components 9.12 Model Documentation—Updating Views 9.13 Model Documentation—Drafting Standards 9.14 Model Documentation—Annotation Monitor Practice 9-2: Model Documentation Chapter Review Chapter Review Answers Chapter 10 Cameras and Lights 10.1 Introduction 10.2 How to Create a Camera 10.3 How to Control a Camera 10.3.1 Camera Preview Dialog Box 10.3.2 Grips 10.3.3 Front and Back Clipping Planes 10.3.4 Camera Display and Camera Tool Palette Practice 10-1: Creating and Controlling Cameras 10.4 Introducing Lights 10.5 Inserting Point Light 10.5.1 Name 10.5.2 Intensity Factor 10.5.3 Status 10.5.4 Photometry 10.5.5 Shadow 10.5.6 Attenuation 10.5.7 Filter Color 10.5.8 Exit 10.5.9 Target Point Light 10.6 Inserting Spot Light10.6.1 Hotspot Option 10.6.2 Falloff Option 10.7 Inserting Distant Light 10.8 Dealing with Sunlight 10.9 Inserting Web Light 10.9.1 Web Option 10.10 Editing Lights 10.11 Dealing with Premade Lights 10.12 What Is “Lights in Model”? Practice 10-2: Creating and Controlling Lights Chapter Review Chapter Review Answers Chapter 11 Material, Rendering, Visual Style, and Animation 11.1 Introducing Materials in AutoCAD 11.2 Material Browser 11.3 Methods to Assign Material to Objects and Faces 11.3.1 Using Drag-and-Drop 11.3.2 After Selecting an Object, Right-Click Material 11.3.3 Using Attach by Layer Command 11.3.4 Removing Assigned Materials 11.4 Material Mapping 11.4.1 Planar Mapping 11.4.2 Box Mapping 11.4.3 Cylindrical and Spherical Mapping 11.4.4 Copying and Resetting Mapping Practice 11-1: Dealing with Materials 11.5 Create New Material Library and Category 11.6 Create Your Own Material 11.6.1 Reflectivity 11.6.2 Transparency 11.6.3 Cutouts 11.6.4 Self-Illumination 11.6.5 Bump 11.6.6 Tint Practice 11-2: Creating Your Own Material 11.7 Render in AutoCAD 11.7.1 Render Preset 11.7.2 Render Duration 11.7.3 Lights and Materials 11.8 Render Environment and Exposure 11.8.1 Environment 11.8.2 Exposure 11.8.3 Render Window 11.8.4 Render in Cloud 11.8.5 Render GalleryPractice 11-3: Dealing with Rendering 11.9 What Visual Style Is and How to Create It? 11.9.1 Face Settings 11.9.2 Lighting 11.9.3 Environment Settings 11.9.4 Edge Settings 11.10 3D Graphics Technical Preview Practice 11-4 Creating Visual Styles 11.11 Animation Practice 11-5: Creating Animation Chapter Review Chapter Review Answers Index Iਅਘ A Add crease, 83 Adding jog to an existing section plane, 238–239 Alignment option, 155–156 American lighting units, 290 Animation, 339–342 Annotation monitor, 277–278 Apex point, 285 Appearance panel, 258 Array in 3D, 205–207 Arrows tab, 265 Attach by layer, 310–311 Attenuation, 293 Autodesk library, 309, 316 Axis endpoint option, 137 B Back clipping planes, 286–287 Base point option, 156 Blend, 105–107 Body, 172 Boolean functions Intersect, 41 Solid history, 41–43 Subtract, 40–41 Union, 40 Box, 28–29 Box grip, 33 Box mapping, 313–314 Bump, 322 C Camera Control of, 285–289 Creation of, 287Camera display, 287 Camera preview dialog box, 285 Camera tool palette, 287–288 Center, 9 Chain option, 209–210 Chamfer solid edges, 211–212 Close hole mesh, 88 Collapse edge, 89 Collapse face, 89 Color Solid edges, 188 Solid faces, 185 Color selection, 333 Cone, 30 Cone grip, 33 Constraint option, 53 Continuous orbit, 8 Control show, 335 Conversion between objects, 231 Convert to solid, 226–229 Convert to surface, 229–230 Copy Solid edges, 188–189 Solid faces, 177–178 Copy mapping, 315 Create base view, 257–259 Create detail view, 267–268 Create projected view, 259–260 Create section view, 260–263 Cross sections, lofting using, 148–150 Culling, subobjects, 49 Curvature analysis, 130 Cutouts controls, 321 Cutting plane tab, 266 Cylinder, 29–30 Cylinder grip, 33 Cylindrical mapping, 314 D Default offset direction, 109 Default view, 258 Delete, 180–181 Delobj system variable, 162 Detail boundary tab, 270 Detail view style, 269–271 Distance option, 211 Distance values, 211 Distant light, insert, 295–296 Down, 10 Draft analysis, 130Drafting standards, 276 Drag-and-drop methods, 310 Draw section option, 234–235 Ducs, 21–22 UCS and, 22 E Edge, 172 Edge modifiers control, 336 Edge settings, visual style, 335–337 Edge surface, 77 Editing, meshes, 85–90 Editing components, 273–274 Editing helix, using grips, 138–139 Editing lights, 300–301 Editing view, model documentation, 271–273 Edit surfaces, 111–119 Commands Extend, 114–115 Fillet, 111–112 Sculpt, 115–116 Trim, 112–113 Untrim, 114 Using grips, 116–118 Environment controls, 328–330 Environment settings, visual style, 334 Exit option, 293 Explode, 230 Exposure controls, 329 Extend, 114–115 Extend mode, 115 Extract solid edges, 185 Extract isolines, 186 Extrude Creating extrusion using Direction, 142 Height, 141 Path, 142–143 Taper angle, 143 Solid faces, 173–174 Using, 140–143 Extrude mesh face, 87 F Face method, 234 Face option, 19 Faces Materials methods of, 309–311 Solid, 177–178Face settings, visual style, 333–334 Face style selection, 333 Falloff option, 295 Field-of-view (FOV), 284 Fillet, 111–112 Fillet solid edges, 208–210 Filter color, 293 Flatshot, 245–247 Fov. See field-of-view Free orbit, 7 Front clipping planes, 286–287 G Generate section, 241–244 Generic lighting units, 290 Gizmo, 47–54 Manipulation of meshes using, 73 Grips, 285–286 Editing helix using, 116–117 Edit surfaces using, 101–103 Solid shapes using, editing, 33–36 Solid using, 159–162 H Hatch tab, 267 Helix Button, 136 As path, 136–139 Axis endpoint option, 137 Editing helix using grips, 138–139 Turn height option, 138 Turns option, 137 Highlight intensity, 334 Hotspot option, 295 I Identifier tab, 270 Imprinting solids, 187 Incremental elevation, 206 Intensity factor, 291 Interfere in solid, 194–196 International lighting units, 290 Intersect, 41 Intersection edges control, 336 L Last option, 204Legacy solids/surfaces, conversion of meshes, 80–82 Lighting quality selection, 333 Lighting settings, visual style, 334 Lights In model, definition of, 302–303 Overview, 290 Render in AutoCAD, 327 Live section, 239–240 Loft, solid tab, 145–151 Lofting using guides, 147 Lofting using path, 148 Look, 9 Loop option, 210 M Material browser, 308–309 Material library, and category, creation of, 316–317 Material mapping, 311–316 Materials Creation of, 318–324 Render in AutoCAD, 324–327 Using in AutoCAD, 307 Merge faces, 87–88 Meshes, 71–100 Basic shapes of, 72–73 Conversion of 2D objects, 76–80 Edge surface, 77 Revolved surface, 76–77 Ruled surface, 78 Tabulated surface, 78–79 Converting, refining, and creasing, 80–85 Editing, 85–91 Close hole, 88 Collapse face or edges, 89 Extrude face, 87 Merge faces, 87–88 Spin triangular face, 89–90 Split mesh face, 86 Levels of, 74 Refine, 82 Using subobjects and gizmo, manipulation, 73 Model documentation Annotation monitor, 277–278 Create base view, 257–259 Create detail view, 267–268 Create projected view, 259–260 Create section view, 260–261 Detail view style, 269–271 Drafting standards, 276 Editing components, 273–274Editing view, 271–273 Section view style, 263–267 Updating views, 274–275 Monochrome color, 334 Move Solid faces, 176–177 Move gizmo, 52 N Named option, 17–18 Name, point light, 291 Network surfaces, 103–104 Nurbs surface, 101 Creation of, 122–130 O Object options, 19 Objects Conversion between, 231 Materials methods of, 309–311 3D Align, 207 Convert to, 225 To solids, convert, 226–227 To surfaces, convert, 229–230 2D Conversion of, 76–79 To solids, convert, 227–229 To surfaces, convert, 229–230 Occluded edges control, 335 Offset, 109–110 Solid edges, 185–190 Solid faces, 179 Opacity, 334 Orbiting, 7, 9 In AutoCAD, 6–8 Origin option, 16 Orthographic option, 235 OSNAP, 22 P Pan, 9 Patch, 107–108 Path 3D polyline as a, 136 Helix as a, 136–139 Photometric lights, 290, 301 Photometric web, 300Photometry, 292 Planar mapping, 312–313 Planar surface, 102–103 Point light, insert, 290–291 Points option, 204 Polyline edit, 136 Premade lights, 301 Preset views Autocad, 2–5 Subobjects, 51 Presspull, 43–47 Previous option, 20 Procedural surfaces, 101 Project geometry, 120–121 2 Points, 121 Ucs, 120 View, 121 Properties, editing solid shapes using, 36–37 Properties palette, 161 For light, 298–299 Pyramid, 31 Pyramid grip, 34 Q Quick properties, 36–37 R Rebuild, 123 Refine mesh, 82–83 Reflectivity properties, 320 Remove crease, 83–84 Remove materials, 311 Render, 324–327 Render duration, 327 Render environment, and exposure, 328–330 Render preset, 326 Render window, 330 Reset mapping, 315 Revolve, 151–152 Revolved surface, 76–77 Rewind, 9 Right-click material, 310 Rotate Solid faces, 182–183 Rotate gizmo, 52 Ruled surface, 78 SScale gizmo, 52 Scale option, 157 Sculpt, 115–116 Section plane, 234–244 Add jog to existing section plane, 239 Face method, 234 Generate section, 241–244 Live section, 239–240 Orthographic option, 235 Section option, 234–235 Section plane grips, 237–238 Section plane grips, 237–238 Section plane type options, 236–237 Type option, 236 Section view style, 263–267 Selection cycling, subobjects, 50 Self-illumination, 321–322 Separate, 191–192 Shadow, 292 Shadow display, 334 Shapes, meshes, 72–73 Shell, 192–193 Silhouette edges control, 336 Sky effect, 297 Slice, 232–233 Solid edges Color, 188 Copy, 188–189 Offset, 189–190 Solid editing, overview of, 171–200 Solid faces Color, 183–184 Copy, 177–178 Delete, 180–181 Extrude, 173–174 Move, 176–177 Offset, 179 Rotate, 182–183 Taper, 174–175 Solids Convert 2D and 3D objects to, 226–229 Delobj system variable, 162 Editing shapes using Grips, 33–36 Quick properties and properties, 36–37 3D object SNAP, 37–40 3D polyline as path, 136 Extract isolines, 186 Extrude, 140–143 Finding interfere in, 194–196Grips, 160–161 Helix as a path, 136–139 History of, 41–421 Imprint, 187 Loft, 145–151 Overview of, 27, 135–136 Properties, 161 Revolve, 151–152 Separate, 191–192 Shell, 191–192 Subobjects and Gizmo, 47–54 Sweep, 153–157 Using basic shapes, 28–32 Using boolean functions, 40–43 Using presspull, 43–46 Sphere, 31 Sphere grip, 34 Spherical mapping, 314 Spin triangular face, 89–90 Split mesh face, 86 Spot light, insert, 294–295 Steering wheel, 8–10 Stretch mode, 115 Subobjects, 47–54 Culling, 49 Manipulation of meshes using, 73 Preset views, 51 Selection cycling, 50 Subtract, 40–41 Sunlight effect in 3d model, 296–298 Surface. See solids Surfaces Align, 207 Blend, patch, and offset, 105–110 Convert 2d and 3d objects to, 229–230 Convert to, 225 Edit surfaces, 111–119 In AutoCAD, 80 NURBS surface, 122–130 Planar and network, 102–103 Project geometry, 120–121 To solids, convert, 226–229 To surfaces, convert, 229–230 Sweep, using, 153–158 Alignment, 155–156 Base point, 156 Scale, 157 Twist, 157 TTabulated surface, 78–79 Taper, solid faces, 174–176 Target point light, 293 Thicken, 226 3D And viewport creation, 253–255 Array, 205–206 Creation, 225–282 Graphics technical preview, 337–338 Named views and, 251–253 Section in, 232–233 3D environment Autocad orbiting, 6–8 Ducs, 21–22 Model in, 2–6 Recognition of, 1–2 Steering wheel, 8–10 User coordinate system (UCS), 12–13, 15–21 And DUCS, 22 Icon, 13–15 Visual styles, 10–11 3D mirror, 203–204 3D modify, 201–204 Align 3D objects, 207–208 Array in 3D, 205–206 Chamfer solid edges, 211 Fillet solid edges, 208–210 Mirror in 3D, 203–204 3D move, 202 3D rotate, 202 3D scale, 203 3D objects. See surfaces 3D object SNAP, 37–39 3D polyline as a path, 136 3-Point option, 15–16 Tint material, 322 Torus, 32 Torus grips, 35 Transparency properties, 321 Trim, 112–113 Turn height option, 138 Turns option, 137 Twist option, 157 2D objects Conversion of, 76–79 To solids, convert, 226–229 To surfaces, convert, 229–230 2D orthographic views, 3 2 Points, using project geometry to, 121 Type option, 236U Ucs. See user coordinate system Union, 40 Untrim, 114 Up, 10 Update views, 274–275 User coordinate system (UCS), 5, 12–13, 17–24 And DUCS, 22 Icon, manipulation, 13–15 Using project geometry to, 120–121 V V iewcube, AutoCAD, 4–6 View label tab, 266–267, 271 View option, 21, 204 Viewport creation, 253–255 Views, using project geometry to, 121 Visual styles, 10–12 W W alk, 10 Wcs. See world coordinate system Web light, insert, 298–229 Web option, 299–300 Wedge, 32 Wedge grip, 34 World coordinate system (WCS), 5 World option, 18 X X option, ucs, 16 Xy options, 204 Y Y option, ucs, 16 Yz options, 204 Z Z-axis option, 16 Z-axis vector option, 18 Zebra analysis, 129 Zoom, 9 Z option, UCS, 16 Zx options, 204Contents Cover page Half Title page License Title page Copyright Contents Preface About the Book Chapter 1 AutoCAD 3D Basics Chapter 2 Creating Solids Chapter 3 Creating Meshes Chapter 4 Creating Surfaces Chapter 5 Creating Complex Solids and Surfaces Chapter 6 Solid Editing Commands Chapter 7 3D Modifying Commands Chapter 8 Converting and Sectioning Chapter 9 Printing Chapter 10 Cameras and Lights Chapter 11 Material, Rendering, Visual Style, and Animation Index #أوتوديسك,#أتوكاد,#أوتوكاد,#Autodesk,#Autocad,#Auto_Cad,#Auto, #Cad,#أوتودسك,#أتوديسك,#أتودسك,
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