كتاب سعره 69$ اضعه بين يديكم للفائدةCasting Technology

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تكنولوجيا السباكة - Casting Technology
John Campbell, QBE, FEng

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Contents
Acknowledgements
Dedication
Preface
Introduction
Melt Reactions
Gaseous Interactions with the Melt
Aluminium Alloys
Copper Alloys
Iron Alloys
Transport of Gases in Melts
Surface Film Formation
Films in General
Films on Aluminium Alloys
Effect of Alloying Elements
Films on Cast Iron
Incorporation of Surface Films into the Bulk Liquid
Melt Charge Materials
Pouring
Surface Flooding
Surface Turbulence
Confluence Weld
Bubble Trails
Effect of Entrained Films
Machining
General
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vi Contents
Leak-Tightness
Mechanical Properties
Fluidity (Effect of Oxide Films)
Deactivation of Entrained Films
Fluid Dynamics
Surface-Tension-Controlled Filling
Surface Finish
Running Systems
Gravity Pouring of Open Top Moulds
Gravity Pouring of Closed Moulds
Inclusion Control
Flow in Injection Systems
Tilting and Turnover Systems
Flow in Forging-Type Processes (Squeeze Casting)
Flow in Centrifugal Casting
Fluidity (Maximum-Fluidity Length)
Fluidity and Castability
Combined Effects of Surface Tension and Fluidity
Continuous-Fluidity Length
Mould Dynamics
Mould Size and Shape Changes
Thermal Expansion of the Mould
Pressures from the Melt
Pressure Due to Casting Expansion on Solidification
Gas Pressures in Moulds and Cores
Pressures Due to Outgassing
Blowholes
Explosive Reactions
Transformation Zones
Evaporation and Condensation Zones
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Contents vii
Metal-Mould Reactions
Inert Moulds
Sand Moulds
The Atmosphere in the Mould
Reaction in the Mould Surface
Reactions in the Metal Surface
Solidification Dynamics
Heat Transfer
Resistances to Heat Transfer
Increased Heat Transfer
Convection
Remelting
Development of Structure
General
Nucleation of the Solid
Growth of the Solid
Disintegration of the Solid
Structure Development in the Solid
Segregation
Planar Front Segregation
Microsegregation
Dendritic Segregation
Gravity Segregation
Inclusions and Second Phases
Primary Inclusions
Secondary Inclusions and Second Phases
Gas Porosity
Nucleation of Gas Porosity
Subsurface Porosity
Growth of Gas Pores
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viii Contents
Solidification Shrinkage
General Shrinkage Behaviour
Solidification Shrinkage
Hydrostatic Tensions in Liquids
Feeding – the Six Rules
Heat-Transfer Requirement
The Junction Requirement
Mass Transfer Requirement
Feed Path Requirement
Pressure Gradient Requirement
Pressure Requirement
Feeding – the Five Mechanisms
Liquid Feeding
Mass Feeding
Interdendritic Feeding
Burst Feeding
Solid Feeding
Initiation of Shrinkage Porosity
Internal Porosity by Surface Initiation
Internal Porosity by Nucleation
External Porosity
Growths of Shrinkage Pores
Final Forms of Shrinkage Porosity
Shrinkage Cavity or Pipe
Layer Porosity
Linear Contraction of the Casting
Uniform Contraction
Non-Uniform Contraction (Distortion)
Mould Constraint
Casting Constraint
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Contents ix
Hot Tearing
Grain Boundary Wetting by the Liquid
Pre-Tear Extension
Strain Concentration
Stress Concentration
Tear Initiation
Tear Growth
Prediction of Hot-Tearing Susceptibility
Methods of Testing
Methods of Control
Cold Cracking
General
Crack Initiation
Crack Growth
Residual Stress
Casting Stress
Quenching Stress
Stress Relief
Casting Accuracy
Tooling Accuracy
Mould Accuracy
Sand Casting
Ceramic Moulds
Metal Moulds (Dies)
Mould Assembly
Assembly Methods
Accuracy
General Summary
General Tolerance Equations
Metrology
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x Contents
Reference Points
Datums
Tooling Points
Clamping Points
Structure, Defects and Properties of the Finished Casting
Grain Size
General
Grain Refinement
Austenite Grain Size in Cast Iron
Dendrite Arm Spacing
Residual Hall-Petch Hardening
Restricted Nucleation of Interdendritic Phases
Restricted Growth of Interdendritic Phases
Improved Response to Heat Treatment
Compact Defects
Inclusion Types and Diagnosis
Gas Porosity: Types and Diagnosis
Planar Defects
Layer Porosity
Tears and Cracks
Films
Effects of Defects on the Properties of Castings
Yield Strength
Fracture Toughness
Fatigue
Ductility
Ultimate Tensile Strength
Leak-Tightness
Residual Stress
Index

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