كتاب Castings_2E

معى اليوم احبتى فى الله
كتاب Castings_2E
John Campbell
Professor of Casting Technology
University of Birmingham
محتوى الكتاب :
1. The melt 1
1 .I
1.2 Transport of gases in melts 10
1.3 Surface film formation 12
Reactions of the melt with its
environment 2
2. Entrainment 17
2.1 Entrainment defects 20
2.2 Entrainment processes 3 1
2.3 Furling and unfurling 54
2.4 Deactivation of entrained films 61
2.5 Soluble, transient films 63
2.6 Detrainment 64
2.7 Evidence for bifilms 64
2.8 The significance of bifilms 67
3. Flow 70
3. I Effect of surface films on filling 70
3.2 Effect of entrained films on filling 73
3.3 Fluidity (maximum fluidity length) Lr 74
3.4 Continuous fluidity 95
3.5 Glossary of symbols 98
4. The mould 99
4.1 Inert moulds 99
4.2 Aggregate moulds 100
4.3 Mould atmosphere 105
4.4 Mould surface reactions 11 I
4.5 Metal surface reactions 114
5. Solidification structure 117
5.1 Heat transfer 117
5.2 Development of matrix structure 129
5.3 Segregation 139
5.4 Aluminium alloys 147
5.5 Cast irons 156
5.6 Steels 167
6. Gasporosity 178
6.1 Nucleation of gas porosity 178
6.2 Subsurface porosity 186
6.3 Growth of gas pores 195
6.4 Blowholes 200
7. Solidi$cation shrinkage 205
7.1 General shrinkage behaviour 205
7.2 Solidification shrinkage 206
7.3 Feeding criteria 210
7.4 Feeding - the five mechanisms 2 12
7.5 Initiation of shrinkage porosity 222
7.6 Growth of shrinkage pores 226
7.7 Final forms of shrinkage porosity 227
8. Linear contraction 232
8.1 Uniform contraction 232
8.2 Non-uniform contraction (distortion) 237
8.3 Hot tearing 242
8.4 Cold cracking 258
8.5 Residual stress 259
9. Structure, defects and properties qf the
finished casting 267
9.1 Grain size 267
9.2 Dendrite arm spacing 270
9.3 Compact defects 275
9.4 Planar defects 279
9.5 Effects of defects on properties of
castings 282
9.6 The statistics of failure 301
10. Processing 306
10. 1 Impregnation 306
10.2 Hot isostatic pressing 306
10.3 Working (forging, rolling and
extrusion) 309
10.4 Machining 309
10.5 Painting 310
1 1. Environmental interactions 3 1 1
1 1.1 Internal oxidation 3 1 1
11.2 Corrosion 313
References 3 18
Index
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