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عدد المساهمات : 18928 التقييم : 35294 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Project Management for the Creation of Organisational Value Ofer Zwikae, John Smyrk
![كتاب Project Management for the Creation of Organisational Value P_m_f_12](https://i.servimg.com/u/f61/15/36/74/14/p_m_f_12.jpg) و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents 1 Projects: An Executive Context 1 1.1 The Role of Projects in Business . 1 1.1.1 Projects: Giving Effect to Strategy 1 1.1.2 Generating Change with Projects . 2 1.2 The Evolution of a Discipline . 3 1.2.1 Some Historical Themes . 4 1.2.2 Project Management as a Profession . 4 1.2.3 Trends in Today’s Project Environment . 5 1.3 Current Issues for Business in Project Planning and Management . 7 1.4 Summary . 9 2 The Input-Transform-Outcome (ITO) Model of a Project . 11 2.1 Issues with Current Project Management Methodologies 11 2.2 Projects as Processes . 13 2.3 Modelling the Project as a Process . 15 2.3.1 The Input-Process-Output Model 15 2.3.2 Outputs and Outcomes . 17 2.3.3 Target Outcomes . 19 2.4 The Input-Transform-Outcome Model . 22 2.4.1 Utilising Outputs to Generate Target Outcomes . 22 2.4.2 The Chronology of the ITO Model 25 2.4.3 Projects and Business Operations . 26 2.4.4 Key Players: Roles, Responsibilities and Accountabilities . 28 2.5 Illustrating the ITO Methodology: The Project BuyRite Case Study 30 2.5.1 The Company . 30 2.5.2 Project BuyRite . 32 2.5.3 The Emerging Shape of Project BuyRite 33 2.6 Summary . 35 ix3 Achieving Success in Projects 37 3.1 A Framework for Gauging Performance and Judging Success . 37 3.1.1 Perspectives of Success 37 3.1.2 The Analysis of Project Performance . 38 3.1.3 Regression Testing . 41 3.2 Project Management Success . 42 3.2.1 The Conventional Treatment 42 3.2.2 A New Treatment 46 3.2.3 Judging Project Management Success 48 3.2.4 Project Management Success in Practice 50 3.3 The Worth of a Project . 53 3.3.1 Evaluating a Project’s Worth 53 3.3.2 Measuring a Project’s Worth: The Limitations of Financial Units 54 3.3.3 A Project’s Benefits 57 3.3.4 A Project’s Disbenefits 58 3.3.5 A Project’s Cost . 58 3.3.6 Calculating a Project’s Worth 59 3.3.7 Benefit-Cost Analysis and ITO-Based Project Assessment . 60 3.4 Project Ownership Success . 62 3.4.1 Judging Project Ownership Success 62 3.4.2 The Regression Test of Project Ownership Success . 63 3.5 Project Investment Success . 65 3.5.1 The Regression Test of Project Investment Success . 65 3.5.2 The Rationale for the Regression Test of Project Investment Success . 67 3.5.3 Qualifying Judgements Based on the Regression Test . 69 3.6 Comparing the Three Tests of Success . 69 3.6.1 Comparing Approaches to Judging Success 71 3.6.2 Comparing the Many Faces of Success . 74 3.7 Critical Success Processes (CSP) . 76 3.7.1 The Need for an Alternative Critical Approach 76 3.7.2 The Critical Success Processes Model 80 3.8 Summary . 83 4 The Project Environment . 85 4.1 Project Phases 85 4.1.1 Project Initiation . 86 4.1.2 Project Planning . 87 4.1.3 Project Execution 88 4.1.4 Outcome Realisation 88 4.1.5 Accountabilities During a Project’s Life 89 x Contents4.2 The Anatomy of a Project . 89 4.2.1 The Elements of a Project 90 4.2.2 The Types of Work in a Project 93 4.2.3 A Project’s Baseline Documents 94 4.3 Project Governance 95 4.3.1 Overview of Project Governance . 95 4.3.2 Principles of Project Governance . 96 4.3.3 The Structure of the Project Governance Model . 99 4.3.4 Classes of Entity in the Project Governance Model . 101 4.3.5 Managing the Project Governance Model 108 4.4 The Project Management Office (PMO) 110 4.5 Stakeholder Management 110 4.5.1 The Concept of Project Stakeholding . 112 4.5.2 The Community of Stakeholders 114 4.5.3 The Stakeholder Management Process 117 4.5.4 Stakeholder Identification . 118 4.5.5 Stakeholder Analysis 121 4.5.6 The Stakeholder Register . 123 4.5.7 Stakeholder Engagement Planning . 124 4.5.8 Stakeholder Engagement Implementation 124 4.5.9 Stakeholder Engagement Monitoring . 125 4.6 The Programme Environment . 125 4.6.1 Related Projects . 128 4.6.2 Coordinated Projects 129 4.6.3 Staged Projects 131 4.6.4 Partitioning Projects 132 4.7 The Project Portfolio . 132 4.8 Summary . 133 5 Starting a New Project . 135 5.1 Initiating a Project . 135 5.1.1 The Project Champion . 135 5.1.2 Leading Project Initiation . 136 5.1.3 Conceptualisation 138 5.1.4 The Role of the Business Case . 139 5.1.5 Developing the Business Case . 140 5.1.6 Expectations, Constraints and Assumptions 143 5.2 Scoping the Project 145 5.2.1 Setting Project Scope 145 5.2.2 The Statement of Scope 146 5.2.3 Identifying and Defining Target Outcomes . 148 5.2.4 Identifying Committed Outputs . 152 5.2.5 Validating Project Scope . 152 5.2.6 Defining Outputs 161 Contents xi5.3 The Business Case . 162 5.3.1 The Structure of a Business Case . 166 5.3.2 A Business Case Example 167 5.3.3 Judging a Business Case . 175 5.3.4 Accepting the Business Case 177 5.4 Appraising Project Risk . 177 5.4.1 The Level of Project Risk 178 5.4.2 The Effect of Risk on Project Appraisal 179 5.5 Summary . 180 6 Planning a Project: The Roles of the Key Players . 181 6.1 An Outline of Project Planning 181 6.1.1 The Need for Planning 181 6.1.2 The Structure of the Planning Phase . 183 6.1.3 The Outputs from Planning . 184 6.1.4 An Iterative Approach to Planning 188 6.2 The Project Manager . 189 6.2.1 The Responsibilities of the Project Manager 189 6.2.2 Critical Success Processes During Project Planning . 190 6.2.3 The Work Breakdown Structure 195 6.2.4 The Gantt Chart . 196 6.2.5 The Project’s Estimated Cost 201 6.2.6 Risk Mitigation Planning . 207 6.3 The Project Team . 214 6.4 The Project Owner . 216 6.4.1 Identifying Critical Outputs for Close Attention 216 6.4.2 Approving the Project Plan . 219 6.5 The Steering Committee . 220 6.6 Reference Groups and Advisers 220 6.7 Project Counsellors 220 6.7.1 Evaluating the Quality of the Project Plan . 221 6.7.2 The Quality of the Project Plan in Practice . 222 6.8 Summary . 223 7 Executing a Project: The Roles of the Key Players 225 7.1 An Outline of Project Execution Management . 225 7.1.1 Execution Management Processes . 226 7.1.2 Accommodating Projects within an Organisational Structure 228 7.1.3 Top Management Support 232 xii Contents7.2 The Project Manager . 233 7.2.1 The Project Manager as a Project Execution Manager 234 7.2.2 Communications Management . 234 7.2.3 Risk Control 236 7.2.4 Issue Management 237 7.2.5 Schedule Control 239 7.2.6 The Project Manager’s Role as a Team Leader 240 7.2.7 Output Closeout . 244 7.3 The Project Team . 245 7.3.1 Formalising Team Roles . 246 7.3.2 Regular Team Meetings 246 7.4 The Project Owner . 247 7.4.1 Managing Scope Change . 247 7.4.2 Scope Change and Risk 249 7.4.3 Managing Schedule Change . 250 7.5 The Steering Committee . 251 7.5.1 A Stylised Reporting Package . 251 7.5.2 A Stylised Agenda . 255 7.5.3 Celebrating Success . 256 7.6 Other Key Players . 256 7.7 Summary . 257 8 Realising Outcomes from a Project: The Roles of the Key Players . 259 8.1 An Outline of Outcome Realisation . 259 8.1.1 Natural and Synthetic Outcome Realisation 260 8.1.2 Facilitation . 260 8.1.3 Handover 261 8.1.4 Outcome Closeout 261 8.1.5 Evaluation of Project Ownership 263 8.2 The Project Manager . 264 8.2.1 Project Customer Support 264 8.2.2 Utilisation Monitoring . 264 8.3 The Project Owner . 265 8.3.1 Ensuring Effective Utilisation of Outputs 265 8.3.2 Outcome Evaluation 265 8.3.3 Project Evaluation 267 8.4 The Steering Committee . 269 8.5 Other Key Players . 269 8.6 Summary . 270 Contents xiiiAppendix A: An Integrated Glossary of Project Management Terms & Definitions . 271 Appendix B: The Input-Transform-Outcome (ITO) Study . 325 Appendix C: The Critical Success Processes Study . 329 References 351 Index . Index A Above-the-line 59, 60, 88, 93–95, 207, 268, 272 Activity 94, 173, 190, 195, 197, 203–204 Appraisal 39, 40, 166, 175–177, 179, 273 Artefact 13, 15, 17, 18, 273 Assessment 38–42, 47, 60, 61, 66, 222, 227, 274 B Baseline 46, 79, 94, 149, 150, 184, 227, 228, 276 Below-the-line 59, 60, 93, 94, 204, 206, 268, 276 Beneficiary 22, 24, 31–33, 91, 119–121, 276 Benefit 2, 3, 18, 53–55, 57, 58, 60, 61, 175, 268, 276 Budget 59, 165, 173, 201, 204, 205, 217, 254, 255, 276 Business case 62, 136, 138–143, 162–174, 277 Realised, 42, 69, 267–269 Approved, 2, 42, 63, 64, 70, 137, 175–177, 246 Modified, 184, 186, 187, 201, 216 Original, 3, 200 C Closeout 89, 244, 245, 260–263, 280 Communication 3, 79, 80, 122–125, 185, 188, 223, 233–236, 281 Complexity 6, 14, 81, 195, 216 Constraint 143–145, 164, 168, 186, 250, 281 Cost 43, 47–49, 58–61, 64, 201–207, 217, 268, 282 Counsellor 100, 102, 107, 108, 120, 220, 221, 256, 270, 283 Customer 12, 22, 26, 28, 31, 32, 119, 120, 151, 153, 162, 264, 283 D Deadline 21, 182, 191, 192, 196 Deliverable 3, 13, 93, 284 Disbenefit 18, 53, 54, 58–61, 175, 176, 267, 268, 285 E Earned value 240, 286 Evaluation 39–41, 45, 262–268, 286 F Fitness-for-purpose 91, 147, 161, 288 Funder 2, 22, 28–30, 58, 119, 267, 289 G Gantt chart 196, 198, 203, 204, 289 Governance 9, 28, 91, 92, 95–102, 109, 140, 165, 171, 172, 185, 290 I Impactee 119, 120, 165, 171, 187, 292 Input-Process-Output (model) 15, 17, 22, 23, 293 Input-Transform-Outcome (model) 22–30, 61, 74, 91, 120, 294 Investment 2, 39, 40, 65, 135, 175 Issue 237, 294 357Management, 186, 237, 238, 246 Life-cycle, 237–239 Register, 41, 174, 186, 237, 238 Report, 165, 174, 253 L Likelihood 116, 208, 211–213, 296 Leader 109, 117, 210, 238, 240–243 M Measurability 17, 149, 297 Memorandum of Understanding 29, 99, 106, 231, 297 Methodology 6, 30, 297 Milestone 87, 173, 185, 191, 198, 200, 203, 251, 297 Mitigation 92, 140, 156, 174, 179, 208–210, 213, 214, 248, 312 O Objective statement 147, 149, 160, 299 Operational 13, 14, 16, 21, 26, 299 Operations 1, 13, 26, 89, 90 Outcome 17, 18, 148–151, 261, 265, 299 Desirable, 11, 17, 29, 286 Detrimental, 48, 286 Fortuitous, 17, 34, 63, 66, 262, 289 Natural, 23, 24, 260 Realisation, 85, 88, 89, 259, 260, 299 Synthetic, 23, 260 Target, 2, 17, 19–23, 56, 57, 64, 90, 148–150, 152, 319 Undesirable, 41, 43, 46, 48, 49, 54, 58, 64, 165, 171, 187, 322 Outlay 43, 60, 199, 239, 246, 299 Output 17–19, 152, 161, 162, 244, 299 P Performing organisation 79, 97, 189, 301 Planning 14, 85, 87, 88, 90, 181, 302 Plausibility 149, 247 Portfolio 4, 6, 92, 132, 133 Principle 96, 102, 104, 106, 202 Process 1, 13–15, 21–23, 76, 303 Programme 6, 125–132, 164, 304 Project Administrator, 33, 101, 233, 305 Adviser, 100, 102, 106, 107, 120, 220, 256, 269, 273 Appraisal, 39, 40, 166, 175–177, 179, 273 Assessment, 38–42, 47, 60, 61, 66, 222, 227, 274 Attractiveness, 53, 67, 92, 113, 133, 175, 176, 179, 180, 275 Champion, 87, 90, 109, 117, 120, 135–137, 279 Counsellor, 100, 102, 107, 108, 120, 220, 221, 256, 270, 283 Cost, 43, 47–49, 58–61, 64, 201–207, 217, 268, 282 Customer, 12, 22, 26, 28, 31, 32, 119, 120, 151, 153, 162, 264, 283 Descoping, 192, 248, 249 Environment, 5, 7, 9, 27, 28, 85, 90, 226, 234, 253, 306 Evaluation, 39–41, 45, 262–268, 286 Infeasible, 8, 144, 191–192, 204, 205, 249, 292 Manager, 9, 28, 40, 86, 90, 189, 233, 264, 307 Owner, 28–31, 62, 90, 102–104, 216, 247, 265, 308 Plan, 3, 184, 185, 219–222, 308 Project Management Office 82, 110, 111, 307 Q Quality 42, 47, 50, 185, 188, 193, 221, 222, 309 R Rank 53, 56, 179, 216–219 Regression test 41, 42, 63–69 Risk 177–180, 207–213, 236, 237, 249, 311 Exposure, 24, 67, 174, 178, 180, 208, 212–214, 312 Manager, 233, 236, 312 Register, 174, 186, 214, 215, 313 Riskiness, 53, 63, 67, 92, 178, 313 Report, 253, 313 S Satisficing 57, 179 Schedule 91, 196, 203, 239, 250 Scope 23, 90, 91, 112, 145, 146, 247–250, 314 Scoping statement, 146–148, 153, 160, 164, 165, 187, 314 Severity 130, 174, 179, 209, 211, 212, 315 Sponsor 12, 110, 315 Stakeholder 3, 8, 91, 110–125 Classes, 101–108, 119, 120 358 Index I (cont.)Engagement plan, 117, 118, 124, 316 Statement of objective 127, 147, 149, 160, 298, 317 Steering committee 100–102, 220, 251–255, 269, 319 Success 37, 69–76, 256 Project investment success, 65–69, 267, 269 Project ownership success, 62–65, 194, 267 Project management success, 42–53, 194 T Task 14, 195–197, 202, 203, 273, 319 Team 3, 102, 105, 106, 214–216, 245–247, 319 Template 143, 164, 165, 185–187, 253, 254, 320 Threat 140, 174, 178, 208–213, 320 Timeframe 42, 49, 192, 321 Trade off 31, 40, 43, 46, 250 Trigger 1, 40, 87, 208 U Utilisation 22–26, 90, 91, 264, 265, 322 Utilisation map, 132, 146, 153, 158–161, 170, 266, 322 V Value 18, 22, 53, 54, 56, 57, 61, 288 W Work Breakdown Structure 185, 195–198, 322 Worth
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