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عدد المساهمات : 18928 التقييم : 35294 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
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أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Advanced 2D Materials من سلسلة علم المواد المتقدمة Advanced Material Series Ashutosh Tiwari and Mikael Syvajarvi
![كتاب Advanced 2D Materials A_2_d_10](https://i.servimg.com/u/f61/15/36/74/14/a_2_d_10.jpg) ويتناول الموضوعات الأتية :
Contents Preface xiii Part 1 Synthesis, Characterizations, Modeling and Properties 1 Two-Dimensional Layered Gallium Selenide: Preparation, Properties, and Applications 3 Wenjing Jie and Jianhua Hao 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Preparation of 2D Layered GaSe Crystals 5 1.2.1 Mechanical Exfoliation 5 1.2.1.1 Synthesis of Bulk GaSe Crystals 5 1.2.1.2 Synthesis of 2D Nanosheets 6 1.2.2 Vapor-Phase Mass Transport 6 1.2.3 Van der Waals’ Epitaxy 8 1.2.4 Molecular Beam Epitaxy 9 1.2.5 Pulse Laser Deposition 10 1.3 Structure, Characterization, and Properties 10 1.3.1 Crystal Structure 10 1.3.2 Characterization 12 1.3.2.1 Transmission Electron Microscopy 12 1.3.2.2 Raman Spectroscopy 14 1.3.3 Properties 17 1.3.3.1 Electronic Properties 17 1.3.3.2 Optical Properties 19 1.3.3.3 Nonlinear Optical Properties 20 1.4 Applications 24 1.4.1 Field-E?ect Transistors 24 1.4.2 Photodetectors 26 1.4.2.1 Phototransistors 26 1.4.2.2 p–n Junction Photodetectors 29vi Contents 1.5 Conclusions and Perspectives 31 Acknowledgment 32 References 32 2 Recent Progress on the Synthesis of 2D Boron Nitride Nanosheets 37 Li Fu and Aimin Yu 2.1 Boron Nitride and Its Nanomorphologies 37 2.2 Boron Nitride Nanosheets Synthesis 39 2.2.1 Chemical Vapor Deposition 39 2.2.2 Solid-State Formation 41 2.2.3 Unzipping BN Nanotubes 43 2.2.4 High-Energy Electron Irradiation 45 2.2.5 Substitution Formation 45 2.2.6 Mechanical Exfoliation 46 2.2.7 Ball Milling 46 2.2.8 Molten Hydroxide Exfoliation 48 2.2.9 Surface Segregation 49 2.2.10 Laser Deposition 50 2.2.11 Magnetron Sputtering 50 2.2.12 Electrochemical Lithium Intercalation 52 2.2.13 Hydrodynamics Exfoliation 53 2.2.14 Chemical-Liquid Exfoliation 54 2.3 Conclusion 56 References 57 3 Te E?ects of Substrates on 2D Crystals 67 Emanuela Margapoti, Mahmoud M. Asmar and Sergio E. Ulloa 3.1 Introduction 68 3.2 Fundamental Studies of 2D Crystals 71 3.2.1 Raman Spectroscopy and the 2D Crystals 71 3.2.2 Photoluminescence of MoS 2 74 3.2.3 KPFM in 2D Nano?akes 76 3.3 Graphene Symmetries and Teir Modifcation by Substrates and Functionalization 80 3.3.1 Magnetoconductance of the Massless Dirac Fermions in Graphene 84 3.3.2 Valley-Dependent Transport in Graphene 87 3.3.3 Enhancement of Spin–Orbit Interaction in Deposited Graphene 88Contents vii 3.4 TMDs on Insulators and Metal Substrates 89 3.4.1 MoS 2 on Clean or Defective Oxide Substrates 89 3.4.2 Defect-Free Hybrid MoS2/SiO2 System 92 3.4.3 SiO 2/MoS2 Composite with Siloxane Reconstruction 92 3.4.4 MoS 2 Monolayer on Metals Surface 94 3.4.5 Optical Studies of MoS2 on SiO2, LaAlO3, and SrTiO 3 Substrates 100 3.4.6 Optical Studies of MoS2 on Functionalized Substrate 103 3.5 Conclusion 107 References 108 4 Hubbard Model in Materials Science: Electrical Conductivity and Re?ectivity of Models of Some 2D Materials 115 Vladan Celebonovic 4.1 Introduction 115 4.2 Te Hubbard Model 116 4.2.1 Te Hubbard Model in 1D 116 4.2.2 Te Hubbard Model in 2D 119 4.3 Calculations of Conductivity 124 4.4 Te Hubbard Model and Optics 135 4.4.1 HM and Invisibility 139 4.5 Conclusions 141 Acknowledgment 142 References 142 Part 2 State-of-the-Art Design of Functional 2D composites 5 Graphene Derivatives in Semicrystalline Polymer Composites 147 Sandra Paszkiewicz, Anna Szymczyk and Zbigniew Ros?aniec 5.1 Introduction 147 5.2 Preparation of Polymer Nanocomposites Containing Graphene Derivatives 150 5.2.1 Solution Mixing 151 5.2.2 Melt Blending 152 5.2.3 In Situ Polymerization 153viii Contents 5.3 Properties of Graphene-based Polymer Nanocomposites 156 5.3.1 Electrical Conductivity 156 5.3.2 Termal Conductivity 164 5.3.3 Barrier Properties 166 5.4 Synergic E?ect of 2D/1D System 174 5.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 175 5.5.1 Conclusions 175 5.5.2 Challenges 177 5.5.3 Future Applications 179 References 180 6 Graphene Oxide: A Unique Nano-platform to Build Advanced Multifunctional Composites 193 André F. Gir?o, Susana Pinto, Ana Bessa, Gil Gonçalves, Bruno Henriques, Eduarda Pereira and Paula A. A. P. Marques 6.1 Introduction to Graphene Oxide as Building Unit 194 6.2 Sca?olds for Tissue Engineering 196 6.2.1 Bone Tissue Engineering 198 6.2.2 Nerve Tissue Engineering 202 6.2.3 Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering 204 6.3 Water Remediation 206 6.3.1 Removal of Organic Contaminants 207 6.3.2 Removal of Inorganic Contaminants 209 6.4 Multifunctional Structural Materials 212 6.4.1 Graphene Oxide as Mechanical Reinforcement 214 6.4.2 Graphene Oxide as Fire-Retardant Additive 215 6.4.3 Graphene Oxide as Termal Conductivity Enhancer 218 6.4.4 Construction/Building Sector 221 6.5 Conclusions 223 Acknowledgments 224 References 224 7 Synthesis of ZnO–Graphene Hybrids for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Contaminants 237 Alina Pruna and Daniele Pullini 7.1 Introduction into Wastewater Treatment 237 7.2 Semiconductor-based Photocatalytic Degradation Mechanism 239Contents ix 7.3 ZnO Hybridization Toward Enhanced Photocatalytic Efciency 240 7.4 Synthesis Approaches for ZnO–Graphene Hybrid Photocatalysts 242 7.5 ZnO–Graphene Hybrid Photocatalysts 244 7.5.1 Suspended ZnO–Graphene Hybrids by Sof Integration of Graphene into Hybrids 244 7.5.2 Suspended ZnO–Graphene Hybrids by Hard Integration of Graphene into Hybrids 255 7.5.3 Immobilized ZnO–Graphene Hybrids by Sof Integration of Graphene into Hybrids 267 7.5.4 Immobilized ZnO–Graphene Hybrids by Hard Integration of Graphene 269 7.6 Ternary Hybrids with ZnO and rGO Materials 270 7.6.1 Suspended Ternary Hybrids by Sof Integration of Graphene 271 7.6.2 Immobilized Ternary Hybrids by Hard Integration of Graphene 274 7.7 Conclusions 276 Acknowledgments 278 References 278 8 Covalent and Non-covalent Modifcation of Graphene Oxide Trough Polymer Grafing 287 Akbar Hassanpour, Khatereh Gorbanpour and Abbas Dadkhah Tehrani 8.1 Introduction 288 8.2 Covalent Modifcation of Graphene Oxide 288 8.2.1 Functionalization via the “Grafing from” Method 289 8.2.1.1 Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization 290 8.2.1.2 Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain-Transfer Polymerization 294 8.2.1.3 Free Radical Polymerization 298 8.2.1.4 Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization 300 8.2.1.5 Nitroxide-mediated Radical Polymerization 300 8.2.1.6 Anionic and Cationic Polymerization 302 8.2.1.7 Ziegler–Natta Catalyzed Polymerization 303 8.2.1.8 Irradiation Polymerization 305x Contents 8.2.2 Functionalization via the “Grafing to” Method 305 8.2.2.1 Amidation Reaction 306 8.2.2.2 Esterifcation Reaction 308 8.2.2.3 Nitrene Cycloaddition 309 8.2.2.4 Click Chemistry 310 8.2.2.5 Ring-opening Epoxide 314 8.3 Non-covalent Modifcation of Graphene Oxide 314 8.3.1 Functionalization via ?–? Stacking Interaction 315 8.3.2 Functionalization via Electrostatic Interaction 318 8.3.3 Functionalization via Hydrogen Bonding 319 8.4 Composites and Grafs of GO with Natural Polymers 321 8.4.1 Graphene Oxide/Starch Grafs and Composites 321 8.4.2 Graphene Oxide/Cellulose Grafs and Composites 324 8.4.3 Graphene Oxide/Chitosan Grafs and Composites 328 8.5 Conclusion 333 Acknowledgment 334 References 334 Part 3 High-tech Applications of 2D Materials 9 Graphene–Semiconductor Hybrid Photocatalysts and Teir Application in Solar Fuel Production 355 Pawan Kumar, Anurag Kumar, Chetan Joshi, Rabah Boukherroub and Suman L. Jain 9.1 Introduction 356 9.2 TiO 2-based Photocatalyst 357 9.3 Non-TiO 2 Semiconductors 358 9.4 Metal Complexes Sensitized Semiconductors 359 9.5 Graphene/Semicondutor/Metal Complexes-based Photocatalysts 360 9.6 Metal Free Dye-graphene Composite 375 9.7 Polymeric Semiconductors/Graphene Composites 376 9.8 Solar Fuel Production by Doped Graphene 377 9.9 Conclusion 379 References 379 10 Graphene in Sensors Design 387 Andreea Cernat, Mihaela Terti?, Lumini?a Fritea and Cecilia Cristea 10.1 Introduction 388 10.2 Fabrication and Characterization of Graphene-based Materials 389Contents xi 10.2.1 Graphene Sheets 391 10.2.2 Graphene Nanocomposites 391 10.2.3 Functionalized Graphene 392 10.3 Applications 394 10.3.1 Graphene-based Sensors 395 10.3.2 Graphene-based Nanocomposite Sensors 397 10.3.3 Functionalized Graphene-based Sensors 410 10.4 Conclusions 418 Acknowledgements 418 References 419 11 Bio-applications of Graphene Composites: From Bench to Clinic 433 Meisam Omidi, A. Fatehinya, M. Frahani, Z. Niknam, A. Yadegari, M. Hashemi, H. Jazayeri, H. Zali, M. Zahedinik, and L. Tayebi 11.1 Introduction 433 11.2 Synthesis and Structural Features 435 11.2.1 Graphene Synthesis Methods 436 11.2.1.1 Exfoliation 437 11.2.1.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition 437 11.2.1.3 Chemical-based Techniques 437 11.3 Biomedical Applications 438 11.3.1 Sensing and Imaging 438 11.3.1.1 Optics-based Imaging 439 11.3.1.2 Non-optics-based Imaging 442 11.3.2 Drug Delivery 444 11.3.2.1 Graphene-based Composites in Terapeutics: A Focus on Drug Delivery System 444 11.3.2.2 Graphene-based Drug Nanocarrier 445 11.3.2.3 Graphene-based Gene Nanocarrier 450 11.3.2.4 Combination Terapy and Graphene-based Co-delivery Nanocarrier 450 11.3.2.5 Controlled Targeting and Transport of Drug Compounds 451 11.3.3 Tissue Engineering 452 11.3.3.1 Tissue Engineering Sca?olds 452 11.3.3.2 iPSC-based Regenerative Medicine 455 11.3.3.3 Wound Healing 45511.4 Conclusions (Current Limitations and Future Perspectives) 457 11.4.1 Graphene Toxicology 457 11.4.2 Promise and Challenges 459 References 461 12 Hydroxyapatite–Graphene as Advanced Bioceramic Composites for Orthopedic Applications 473 Wan Je?rey Basirun, Saeid Baradaran and Bahman Nasiri-Tabrizi 12.1 Background of Study 474 12.2 Literature Review 478 12.2.1 Overview of Bioceramics 478 12.2.2 Hydroxyapatite 480 12.2.3 Carbon Nanostructures 483 12.2.3.1 Graphene 483 12.2.3.2 Graphene Oxide 484 12.2.3.3 Reduced Graphene Oxide 485 12.2.3.4 Graphene Nanoplatelets 486 12.3 Functional Specifcations 486 12.3.1 Physical Properties of HA/GNP Composites 486 12.3.2 Biological Properties of HA/GNP Composites 488 12.3.2.1 In Vitro Bioactivity 488 12.3.2.2 In Vitro Biocompatibility 490 12.4 Summary and Concluding Remarks 494 References 495 Index
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