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أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Injection Molding - Integration of Theory and Modeling Methods Rong Zheng , Roger I. Tanner , Xi-Jun Fan
![كتاب Injection Molding - Integration of Theory and Modeling Methods I_m_i_10](https://i.servimg.com/u/f61/15/36/74/14/i_m_i_10.jpg) و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Injection Molding . 1 1.1.1 Injection Molding Machine . 1 1.1.2 Injection Molding Cycle . 1 1.1.3 Feed System 3 1.1.4 The Need for Rheological Information . 3 1.2 Classification of Polymers . 4 1.3 Rheological Characterization of Polymer Fluids 5 1.3.1 Subject and Goals 5 1.3.2 Some Rheological Phenomena . 6 1.3.3 Solidification Rheology 8 1.4 Development of Numerical Simulations for Injection Molding . 9 2 Fundamentals of Rheology 11 2.1 Introduction to Basic Concepts 11 2.1.1 Kinematics . 11 2.1.2 Viscometric and Extensional Flows 13 2.1.3 Conservation Equations 14 2.2 Constitutive Equations 17 2.2.1 Newtonian Fluids 17 2.2.2 Generalized Newtonian Fluids . 18 2.2.3 Linear Viscoelastic Models . 19 2.2.4 Viscoelastic Fluid Models 20 2.3 Time–Temperature Superposition 28 2.4 The Pressure–Volume–Temperature (PVT) Relation . 32 2.5 Lubrication Approximation . 33 3 Mold Filling and Post Filling 35 3.1 Hele-Shaw Equation . 35 3.1.1 Flow in Thin Cavity of Arbitrary In-plane Dimensions 35 ix3.1.2 Axisymmetric Flow in a Tube . 41 3.2 Frozen Layer . 41 3.3 Mold Deformation . 42 3.4 Wall Slip . 44 4 Crystallization . 47 4.1 Introduction . 47 4.2 Crystallization Kinetics . 48 4.2.1 The Kolmogoroff-Avrami Model . 48 4.2.2 Growth Rate 49 4.2.3 Nuclei Number Density 51 4.2.4 Molecular Orientation . 55 4.3 Effect of Crystallization on Physical Properties . 56 4.3.1 Effect of Crystallization on Rheology 56 4.3.2 Effect of Crystallization on Pressure–Volume–Temperature Relations 58 4.3.3 Effect of Crystallization on Thermal Conductivity . 59 4.4 Influence of Colorants 60 4.5 Molecular Dynamics Simulation . 63 5 Flow-Induced Alignment in Short-Fiber Reinforced Polymers 65 5.1 Concentration Regimes of Fiber Suspensions 65 5.2 Evolution Equations 66 5.2.1 Jeffery’s Orbit 66 5.2.2 Orientation Characterization . 67 5.2.3 Fiber–Fiber Interactions 68 5.3 Closure Approximations . 70 5.3.1 Linear Closure 70 5.3.2 Quadratic Closure 71 5.3.3 Hybrid Closure 71 5.3.4 Composite Closure . 71 5.3.5 Orthotropic Fitted Closure 71 5.3.6 Natural Closure 73 5.3.7 Invariant-Based Optimal Fitting (IBOF) Closure . 73 5.4 Interaction Coefficient 74 5.5 Modifications to Folgar–Tucker Model 75 5.5.1 Anisotropic Rotary Diffusion Model . 75 5.5.2 Reduced-Strain Closure Model . 76 5.6 Rheological Equations for Fiber Suspensions 77 5.6.1 Transversely Isotropic Fluid (TIF) Model . 77 5.6.2 Dinh–Armstrong Model 78 5.6.3 Phan-Thien–Graham Model . 78 5.7 Tucker’s Flow Classification for Fiber Suspension in Thin Cavities 79 x Contents5.8 Fiber Migration in Inhomogeneous Flow Fields 80 5.9 Brownian Dynamics Simulation . 81 5.10 Non-Newtonian Matrix Suspensions . 83 6 Shrinkage and Warpage 87 6.1 Introduction . 87 6.2 Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Short-Fiber Composites 89 6.2.1 Effective Stiffness Tensor of Unidirectional Composites 89 6.2.2 Effective Thermal Expansion Coefficients of Unidirectional Composites 93 6.2.3 Orientation Averaging . 94 6.3 Thermally and Pressure-Induced Stresses . 95 6.3.1 Stress Development . 95 6.3.2 Viscous-Elastic Model and Viscoelastic Model 97 6.3.3 Assumptions and Boundary Conditions . 100 6.4 Displacement Calculation 101 6.5 Empirical Approach 102 6.6 Corner Deformation 103 7 Mold Cooling 105 7.1 Mold Cooling System 105 7.2 Transient Heat Transfer in Mold . 105 7.3 Cycle-Average Simplification . 108 8 Computational Techniques 111 8.1 Introduction . 111 8.2 Flow Analyses . 112 8.2.1 Midplane Approach . 112 8.2.2 Advancement of the Flow Front 117 8.2.3 Fountain Flow Effect 122 8.2.4 Dual Domain Approach 124 8.2.5 Three-Dimensional Finite Element Method 126 8.2.6 Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Method . 131 8.3 Structural Analysis for Shrinkage and Warpage Prediction . 134 8.3.1 Shell Finite Elements . 134 8.3.2 Dual-Domain Structural Analysis . 135 8.3.3 3D Structural Analysis . 137 8.4 Boundary Element Method for Mold Cooling Analysis . 138 8.4.1 Transient Mold Cooling 138 8.4.2 Steady-State Mold Cooling . 143 8.4.3 Modified Boundary Integral Equations for Closely Spaced Surfaces . 143 Contents xi8.4.4 Boundary Discretization 145 8.5 Overall Conclusion 147 Appendix A 149 Appendix B 153 Appendix C 159 References 163 Author Index 179 Subject Index
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