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 |  موضوع: كتاب 1000 Solved Problems in Modern Physics الإثنين 21 سبتمبر 2020, 1:32 am | |
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أخوانى فى الله
أحضرت لكم كتاب
1000 Solved Problems in Modern Physics
Ahmad A. Kamal
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents
1 Mathematical Physics 1
1.1 Basic Concepts and Formulae 1
1.2 Problems 21
1.2.1 Vector Calculus 21
1.2.2 Fourier Series and Fourier Transforms . 22
1.2.3 Gamma and Beta Functions . 23
1.2.4 Matrix Algebra 24
1.2.5 Maxima and Minima . 24
1.2.6 Series 25
1.2.7 Integration 25
1.2.8 Ordinary Differential Equations 26
1.2.9 Laplace Transforms 29
1.2.10 Special Functions 29
1.2.11 Complex Variables . 30
1.2.12 Calculus of Variation . 31
1.2.13 Statistical Distributions . 32
1.2.14 Numerical Integration 33
1.3 Solutions 33
1.3.1 Vector Calculus 33
1.3.2 Fourier Series and Fourier Transforms . 39
1.3.3 Gamma and Beta Functions . 42
1.3.4 Matrix Algebra 44
1.3.5 Maxima and Minima . 48
1.3.6 Series 49
1.3.7 Integration 51
1.3.8 Ordinary Differential Equations 57
1.3.9 Laplace Transforms 67
1.3.10 Special Functions 68
1.3.11 Complex Variables . 72
1.3.12 Calculus of Variation . 74
1.3.13 Statistical Distribution 77
1.3.14 Numerical Integration 85
xixii Contents
2 Quantum Mechanics – I . 87
2.1 Basic Concepts and Formulae 87
2.2 Problems 92
2.2.1 de Broglie Waves 92
2.2.2 Hydrogen Atom . 92
2.2.3 X-rays . 95
2.2.4 Spin and μ and Quantum Numbers – Stern–Gerlah’s
Experiment . 96
2.2.5 Spectroscopy 97
2.2.6 Molecules 99
2.2.7 Commutators . 100
2.2.8 Uncertainty Principle . 101
2.3 Solutions 101
2.3.1 de Broglie Waves 101
2.3.2 Hydrogen Atom . 103
2.3.3 X-rays . 108
2.3.4 Spin and μ and Quantum Numbers – Stern–Gerlah’s
Experiment . 111
2.3.5 Spectroscopy 115
2.3.6 Molecules 120
2.3.7 Commutators . 123
2.3.8 Uncertainty Principle . 128
3 Quantum Mechanics – II . 131
3.1 Basic Concepts and Formulae 131
3.2 Problems 137
3.2.1 Wave Function 137
3.2.2 Schrodinger Equation . 138
3.2.3 Potential Wells and Barriers . 140
3.2.4 Simple Harmonic Oscillator . 146
3.2.5 Hydrogen Atom . 147
3.2.6 Angular Momentum 149
3.2.7 Approximate Methods 152
3.2.8 Scattering (Phase-Shift Analysis) . 153
3.2.9 Scattering (Born Approximation) . 154
3.3 Solutions 156
3.3.1 Wave Function 156
3.3.2 Schrodinger Equation . 162
3.3.3 Potential Wells and Barriers . 168
3.3.4 Simple Harmonic Oscillator . 199
3.3.5 Hydrogen Atom . 209
3.3.6 Angular Momentum 215
3.3.7 Approximate Methods 229
3.3.8 Scattering (Phase Shift Analysis) . 233
3.3.9 Scattering (Born Approximation) . 240Contents xiii
4 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics 247
4.1 Basic Concepts and Formulae 247
4.2 Problems 251
4.2.1 Kinetic Theory of Gases 251
4.2.2 Maxwell’s Thermodynamic Relations . 253
4.2.3 Statistical Distributions . 255
4.2.4 Blackbody Radiation . 256
4.3 Solutions 258
4.3.1 Kinetic Theory of Gases 258
4.3.2 Maxwell’s Thermodynamic Relations . 266
4.3.3 Statistical Distributions . 279
4.3.4 Blackbody Radiation . 285
5 Solid State Physics 291
5.1 Basic Concepts and Formulae 291
5.2 Problems 294
5.2.1 Crystal Structure . 294
5.2.2 Crystal Properties 294
5.2.3 Metals . 295
5.2.4 Semiconductors . 297
5.2.5 Superconductor 298
5.3 Solutions 299
5.3.1 Crystal Structure . 299
5.3.2 Crystal Properties 301
5.3.3 Metals . 303
5.3.4 Semiconductors . 309
5.3.5 Superconductor 311
6 Special Theory of Relativity 313
6.1 Basic Concepts and Formulae 313
6.2 Problems 319
6.2.1 Lorentz Transformations 319
6.2.2 Length, Time, Velocity . 320
6.2.3 Mass, Momentum, Energy 323
6.2.4 Invariance Principle 326
6.2.5 Transformation of Angles and Doppler Effect 328
6.2.6 Threshold of Particle Production . 330
6.3 Solutions 332
6.3.1 Lorentz Transformations 332
6.3.2 Length, Time, Velocity . 338
6.3.3 Mass, Momentum, Energy 342
6.3.4 Invariance Principle 351
6.3.5 Transformation of Angles and Doppler Effect 355
6.3.6 Threshold of Particle Production . 365xiv Contents
7 Nuclear Physics – I 369
7.1 Basic Concepts and Formulae 369
7.2 Problems 382
7.2.1 Kinematics of Scattering 382
7.2.2 Rutherford Scattering . 383
7.2.3 Ionization, Range and Straggling . 385
7.2.4 Compton Scattering 387
7.2.5 Photoelectric Effect 388
7.2.6 Pair Production 390
7.2.7 Cerenkov Radiation 390
7.2.8 Nuclear Resonance . 390
7.2.9 Radioactivity (General) . 391
7.2.10 Alpha-Decay 393
7.2.11 Beta-Decay . 393
7.3 Solutions 394
7.3.1 Kinematics of Scattering 394
7.3.2 Rutherford Scattering . 399
7.3.3 Ionization, Range and Straggling . 404
7.3.4 Compton Scattering 407
7.3.5 Photoelectric Effect 411
7.3.6 Pair Production 414
7.3.7 Cerenkov Radiation 415
7.3.8 Nuclear Resonance . 416
7.3.9 Radioactivity (General) . 417
7.3.10 Alpha-Decay 422
7.3.11 Beta-Decay . 423
8 Nuclear Physics – II . 427
8.1 Basic Concepts and Formulae 427
8.2 Problems 434
8.2.1 Atomic Masses and Radii . 434
8.2.2 Electric Potential and Energy 435
8.2.3 Nuclear Spin and Magnetic Moment 435
8.2.4 Electric Quadrupole Moment 435
8.2.5 Nuclear Stability . 436
8.2.6 Fermi Gas Model 437
8.2.7 Shell Model . 437
8.2.8 Liquid Drop Model 438
8.2.9 Optical Model . 439
8.2.10 Nuclear Reactions (General) . 440
8.2.11 Cross-sections . 442
8.2.12 Nuclear Reactions via Compound Nucleus . 443
8.2.13 Direct Reactions . 443
8.2.14 Fission and Nuclear Reactors 444
8.2.15 Fusion . 447Contents xv
8.3 Solutions 447
8.3.1 Atomic Masses and Radii . 447
8.3.2 Electric Potential and Energy 449
8.3.3 Nuclear Spin and Magnetic Moment 450
8.3.4 Electric Quadrupole Moment 451
8.3.5 Nuclear Stability . 454
8.3.6 Fermi Gas Model 456
8.3.7 Shell Model . 457
8.3.8 Liquid Drop Model 458
8.3.9 Optical Model . 460
8.3.10 Nuclear Reactions (General) . 462
8.3.11 Cross-sections . 468
8.3.12 Nuclear Reactions via Compound Nucleus . 469
8.3.13 Direct Reactions . 470
8.3.14 Fission and Nuclear Reactors 471
8.3.15 Fusion . 483
9 Particle Physics – I 485
9.1 Basic Concepts and Formulae 485
9.2 Problems 488
9.2.1 System of Units . 488
9.2.2 Production 489
9.2.3 Interaction 489
9.2.4 Decay 491
9.2.5 Ionization Chamber, GM Counter and Proportional
Counters . 493
9.2.6 Scintillation Counter . 495
9.2.7 Cerenkov Counter . 496
9.2.8 Solid State Detector 497
9.2.9 Emulsions 497
9.2.10 Motion of Charged Particles in Magnetic Field . 497
9.2.11 Betatron 498
9.2.12 Cyclotron . 499
9.2.13 Synchrotron . 500
9.2.14 Linear Accelerator . 501
9.2.15 Colliders . 502
9.3 Solutions 503
9.3.1 System of Units . 503
9.3.2 Production 504
9.3.3 Interaction 505
9.3.4 Decay 508
9.3.5 Ionization Chamber, GM Counter and Proportional
Counters . 512
9.3.6 Scintillation Counter . 515xvi Contents
9.3.7 Cerenkov Counter . 518
9.3.8 Solid State Detector 520
9.3.9 Emulsions 520
9.3.10 Motion of Charged Particles in Magnetic Field . 521
9.3.11 Betatron 524
9.3.12 Cyclotron . 524
9.3.13 Synchrotron . 527
9.3.14 Linear Accelerator . 530
9.3.15 Colliders . 531
10 Particle Physics – II . 535
10.1 Basic Concepts and Formulae 535
10.2 Problems 544
10.2.1 Conservation Laws . 544
10.2.2 Strong Interactions . 546
10.2.3 Quarks . 550
10.2.4 Electromagnetic Interactions . 551
10.2.5 Weak Interactions 552
10.2.6 Electro-Weak Interactions . 556
10.2.7 Feynman Diagrams 556
10.3 Solutions 558
10.3.1 Conservation Laws . 558
10.3.2 Strong Interactions . 563
10.3.3 Quarks . 572
10.3.4 Electromagnetic Interactions . 577
10.3.5 Weak Interactions 578
10.3.6 Electro-weak Interactions . 590
10.3.7 Feynman Diagrams 592
Appendix: Problem Index . 603
Index
Index
A
Alpha decay, 393
Angular momentum, 149
Approximate methods, 152
Atomic masses, 434
Atomic radii, 434
B
Beta decay, 393
Beta function, 23
Betatron, 498
Blackbody radiation, 256
Born approximation, 154
C
Calculus of variation, 31
Cerenkov counter, 496
Cerenkov radiation, 390
Colliders, 502
Commutators, 100
Complex variables, 30
Compound nucleus, 443
Compton scattering, 387
Conservation laws, 544
Cross-sections, 442
Crystal properties, 294
Crystal structure, 294
Cyclotron, 499
D
de Broglie waves, 92
Differential equations, 26
Direct reactions, 443
Doppler effect, 328
E
Electric energy, 435
Electric potential, 435
Electric quadrupole moment, 435
Electromagnetic interactions, 577
Electro-weak interactions, 590
Emulsions, 497
F
Fermi gas model, 437
Feynman diagrams, 592
Fission, 444
Fourier series, 22
Fourier transform, 22
Fusion, 447
G
Gamma function, 23
G.M. Counter, 493
H
Hydrogen atom, 92, 147
I
Integration, 25
Ionization, 385
chamber, 493
K
Kinematics, 382
Kinetic theory, 258
L
Laplace transforms, 29
Linear accelerator, 501
Liquid drop model, 438
Lorentz transformations, 319
angles, 328
length, time, velocity, 320
M
Magnetic field, motion of charged particles,
497
633634 Index
Magnetic moment, 96
Matrix algebra, 24
Maxima, 24
Metals, 295
Minima, 24
Molecules, 99
N
Nuclear magnetic moment, 435
Nuclear reactions, 440
Nuclear reactors, 444
Nuclear resonance, 390
Nuclear spin, 435
Nuclear stability, 436
Numerical integration, 33
O
Optical model, 439
P
Pair production, 390
Particle interaction, 491
Particle production, 489
Phase-shift analysis, 153
Photoelectric effect, 411
Potential barriers, 140
Potential wells, 140
Proportional counters, 493
Q
Quadrupole moment, 435
Quarks, 550
R
Radioactivity, 391
Range, 385
Rutherford scattering, 383
S
Scintillation counter, 495
Semiconductors, 297
Series, 25
Shell model, 437
Simple harmonic oscillator, 146
Solid state detector, 497
Special functions, 29
Spectroscopy, 97
Spin, 96
Statistical distributions, 32, 255
Stern–Gerlah experiment, 96
Straggling, 385
Strong interactions, 546
Superconductor, 298
Synchrotron, 500
System of units, 488
T
Thermodynamic relations, 253
Threshold of particle production, 330
U
Uncertainty principle, 101
V
Vector calculus, 21
W
Wave function, 137
Weak interactions, 578
X
X-rays, 95
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