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| موضوع: كتاب Strength of Materials and Theory of Elasticity الخميس 22 سبتمبر 2022, 2:05 am | |
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Strength of Materials and Theory of Elasticity in 19th Century Italy A Brief Account of the History of Mechanics of Solids and Structures Danilo Capecchi, Giuseppe Ruta
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents 1 The Theory of Elasticity in the 19th Century 1 1.1 Theory of Elasticity and Continuum Mechanics . 1 1.1.1 The Classical Molecular Model 3 1.1.1.1 The Components of Stress . 7 1.1.1.2 The Component of Strains and the Constitutive Relationships 8 1.1.2 Internal Criticisms Toward the Classical Molecular Model 13 1.1.3 Substitutes for the Classical Molecular Model 17 1.1.3.1 Cauchy’s Phenomenological Approach . 17 1.1.3.2 Green’s Energetic Approach 22 1.1.3.3 Differences in the Theories of Elasticity 24 1.1.4 The Perspective of Crystallography 25 1.1.5 Continuum Mechanics in the Second Half of the 19th Century . 31 1.2 Theory of Structures 35 1.2.1 Statically Indeterminate Systems 37 1.2.2 The Method of Forces . 39 1.2.3 The Method of Displacements . 42 1.2.4 Variational Methods 47 1.2.5 Applications of Variational Methods . 50 1.2.5.1 James Clerk Maxwell and the Method of Forces 50 1.2.5.2 James H. Cotterill and the Minimum of Energy Expended in Distorting 54 1.2.6 Perfecting of the Method of Forces 56 1.2.6.1 Lévy’s Global Compatibility 56 1.2.6.2 Mohr and the Principle of Virtual Work 59 ix1.3 The Italian Contribution 66 1.3.1 First Studies in the Theory of Elasticity . 70 1.3.2 Continuum Mechanics . 71 1.3.3 Mechanics of Structures 73 References 76 2 An Aristocratic Scholar 83 2.1 Introduction 83 2.2 The Principles of Piola’s Mechanics . 86 2.3 Papers on Continuum Mechanics . 89 2.3.1 1832. La meccanica de’ corpi naturalmente estesi trattata col calcolo delle variazioni . 93 2.3.2 1836. Nuova analisi per tutte le questioni della meccanica molecolare . 100 2.3.3 1848. Intorno alle equazioni fondamentali del movimento di corpi qualsivogliono . 104 2.3.4 1856. Di un principio controverso della meccanica analitica di lagrange e delle sue molteplici applicazioni 109 2.3.5 Solidification Principle and Generalised Forces 109 2.4 Piola’s Stress Tensors and Theorem . 113 2.4.1 A Modern Interpretation of Piola’s Contributions 114 2.4.2 The Piola-Kirchhoff Stress Tensors 116 References 119 3 The Mathematicians of the Risorgimento . 123 3.1 Enrico Betti 123 3.1.1 The Principles of the Theory of Elasticity . 127 3.1.1.1 Infinitesimal Strains 127 3.1.1.2 Potential of the Elastic Forces . 129 3.1.1.3 The Principle of Virtual Work . 131 3.1.2 The Reciprocal Work Theorem . 132 3.1.3 Calculation of Displacements 135 3.1.3.1 Unitary Dilatation and Infinitesimal Rotations . 135 3.1.3.2 The Displacements . 137 3.1.4 The Saint Venant Problem 138 3.2 Eugenio Beltrami 141 3.2.1 Non-Euclidean Geometry . 144 3.2.2 Sulle equazioni generali della elasticità . 146 3.2.3 Papers on Maxwell’s Electro-Magnetic Theory 149 3.2.4 Compatibility Equations 153 x Contents3.2.5 Beltrami-Michell’s Equations 155 3.2.6 Papers on Structural Mechanics 156 3.2.6.1 A Criterion of Failure . 156 3.2.6.2 The Equilibrium of Membranes 158 3.3 The Pupils . 160 3.3.1 The School of Pisa . 160 3.3.2 Beltrami’s Pupils 168 References 174 4 Solving Statically Indeterminate Systems . 179 4.1 Scuole d’applicazione per gl’ingegneri 179 4.1.1 The First Schools of Application for Engineers 182 4.1.1.1 The School of Application in Turin and the Royal Technical Institute in Milan . 182 4.1.1.2 The School of Application in Naples 184 4.1.1.3 The School of Application in Rome . 185 4.1.1.4 Curricula Studiorum 186 4.2 The Teaching . 188 4.3 Luigi Federico Menabrea . 191 4.3.1 1858. Nouveau principe sur la distribution des tensions 194 4.3.1.1 Analysis of the Proof . 195 4.3.1.2 Immediate Criticisms to the Paper of 1858 . 197 4.3.1.3 The Origins of Menabrea’s Equation of Elasticity . 200 4.3.2 1868. Étude de statique physique . 204 4.3.2.1 The ‘Inductive’ Proof of the Principle . 207 4.3.3 1875. Sulla determinazione delle tensioni e delle pressioni ne’ sistemi elastici . 208 4.3.4 Rombaux’ Application of the Principle of Elasticity 210 4.3.4.1 Condizioni di stabilità della tettoja della stazione di Arezzo . 211 4.3.4.2 The Question About the Priority . 213 4.4 Carlo Alberto Castigliano . 214 4.4.1 1873. Intorno ai sistemi elastici 217 4.4.1.1 The Method of Displacements . 217 4.4.1.2 The Minimum of Molecular Work 218 4.4.1.3 Mixed Structures 220 4.4.1.4 Applications . 224 Contents xi4.4.2 1875. Intorno all’equilibrio dei sistemi elastici 227 4.4.2.1 Mixed Structures 228 4.4.3 1875. Nuova teoria intorno all’equilibrio dei sistemi elastici 229 4.4.3.1 The Theorem of Minimum Work as a Corollary 230 4.4.3.2 Generic Systems 231 4.4.4 1879. Théorie de l’équilibre des systémes élastiques et ses Applications 233 4.4.4.1 Flexible Systems 236 4.4.4.2 The Costitutive Relationship 237 4.4.4.3 Applications: The Dora Bridge 238 4.4.5 A Missing Concept: The Complementary Elastic Energy 242 4.5 Valentino Cerruti 246 4.5.1 Sistemi elastici articolati. A Summary 247 4.5.1.1 Counting of Equations and Constraints . 247 4.5.1.2 Evaluation of External Constraint Reactions. Statically Determinate Systems 249 4.5.1.3 Redundant and Uniform Resistance Trusses . 250 4.5.1.4 Final Sections 250 4.5.2 Trusses with Uniform Resistance . 252 4.5.3 Statically Indeterminate Trusses 255 4.5.3.1 Poisson’s and Lévy’s Approaches 255 4.5.3.2 Cerruti’s Contribution to Solution of Redundant Trusses . 257 References 261 5 Computations by Means of Drawings . 267 5.1 Graphical Statics . 267 5.2 Graphical Statics and Vector Calculus 271 5.3 The Contributions of Maxwell and Culmann . 273 5.3.1 Reciprocal Figures According to Maxwell . 273 5.3.2 Culmann’s Graphische Statik 278 5.4 The Contribution of Luigi Cremona . 287 5.4.1 The Funicular Polygon and the Polygon of Forces as Reciprocal Figures 289 5.4.1.1 The Funicular Polygon and the Polygon of Forces . 289 5.4.1.2 The Null Polarity 294 5.4.1.3 Reciprocity 296 5.4.1.4 Cremona’s Diagram 298 xii Contents5.4.2 The Lectures on Graphical Statics . 302 5.4.3 Cremona’s Inheritance . 305 5.4.3.1 Carlo Saviotti 305 5.4.3.2 The Overcoming of the Maestro . 312 References 314 Appendix A: Quotations 317 A.1 Quotations of Chap. 1 317 A.2 Quotations of Chap. 2 332 A.3 Quotations of Chap. 3 342 A.4 Quotations of Chap. 4 354 A.5 Quotations of Chap. 5 375 Index . Index A Abel, Niels Henric (1802–1829), 142, 343 Alembert, Jean Baptiste le Ronde D’ (1717– 1783), 23, 39, 68, 86–88, 90, 334, 338 Almansi, Emilio (1869–1948), 190 Amici, Giovanni Battista (1786–1863), 85, 123 Angiulli, Vincenzo (1747–1819), 68 Araldi, Michele (1740–1813), 68, 83 Arzelà, Cesare (1847–1912), 84, 161 Ascoli, Giulio (1843–1896), 161 Avogadro, Amedeo (1776–1856), 70 B Barilari, Pacifico (1813–1896), 39 Battaglini, Giuseppe (1826–1894), 162, 171, 246 Bauschinger, Johann(1834–1893),268,270, 312, 313 Belanger, Jean Baptiste (1790–1874), 310 Bellavitis, Giusto (1803–1880), 272, 273 Belli, Giuseppe (1791–1860), 70 Belluzzi, Odone (1892–1956), 299 Beltrami, Eugenio (1835–1900), 72, 73, 141–144, 146–150, 152–156, 158– 160, 168, 171, 173, 345 Benedetti, Giovanni Battista (1530–1590), 271 Benvenuto, Edoardo (1940–1998), 201 Bernoulli, Daniel (1700–1782), 68 Bernoulli, Johann (1700–1782), 69 Bertelli, Timoteo (1826–1905), 39 Bertini, Eugenio (1846–1933), 161, 305 Bertot, Henri, 41 Bertrand, Joseph Louis François (1822– 1900), 124, 193, 200 , 358 Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm (1784–1846), 34 Betti, Enrico (1823–1892), 34, 72, 75, 84, 123–144, 160–162, 164, 168–170, 172, 173, 188, 215, 305, 343 Boggio, Tommaso (1877–1963), 161 Boltzmann, Ludwig (1844–1906), 164 Bolyai, Janos (1802–1860), 143, 145 Bongiovanni, Margherita, 74 Borchardt, Carl Wilhelm (1816–1880), 27, 146 Bordoni, Antonio (1789–1860), 83, 84, 105 Borelli, Alfonso (1608–1679), 143 Born, Max (1882–1970), 31 Boscovich, Ruggero Giovanni (1711–1787), 2 Boussinesq, Valentin Joseph (1842–1929), 32, 86 Bravais, Auguste (1811–1863), 16, 25, 30, 322 Bresse, Jaques Antoine Charles (1822– 1883), 280, 377 Brioschi, Francesco (1824–1897), 84, 85, 89, 109, 123, 124, 141–143, 180, 181, 184, 287, 289, 302, 355 Brunacci, Vincenzo (1768–1818), 83–85, 88, 89, 332 Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm (1811–1899), 35 Burali-Forti, Cesare (1861–1931), 273 C Caparrini, Sandro, 271 Capelli, Alfredo (1855–1910), 171 Carnot, Lazare Nicolas Marguérite (1753– 1823), 108, 339 Casati, Gabrio (1798–1783), 69, 74, Casorati, Felice (1835–1890), 84, 123, 124, 168 Castelnuovo, Guido (1865–1952), 164, 305 Castigliano, Carlo Alberto (1847–1884), 26, 37, 50, 54, 55, 73–75, 86, 153, 157, 179, 181, 189–191, 197, 198, 210– 225, 227–247, 256, 257, 349, 355, 367 Cattaneo, Carlo (1801–1869), 183 Cauchy, Augustin Louis (1789–1857), 3–20, 22–27, 30, 83–86, 90, 98–100, 104, 107, 109–111, 114, 115, 139, 149, 234, 286, 319, 321, 333, 360 Cavalieri, Bonaventura (1598–1647), 85 Cavalli, Giovanni (1808–1897), 71 Cavour, Camillo Benso count of (1810– 1861), 192 Cayley, Arthur (1821–1895), 252, 254, 258 Ceradini, Cesare (1844–1935), 190 Cerruti, Valentino (1850–1909), 73–75, 162, 179, 214, 246–261 Cesaro, Ernesto (1859–1906), 86, 144, 152, 154, 155, 168, 171–174 Chasles, Michel (1793–1880), 245, 268, 272, 288 Clapeyron, Benoit Paul Emile (1799–1864), 33, 39, 41, 42, 48–51, 54, 65, 225, 226, 232, 268, 327, 365 Clausius, Rudolph Julius Emmanuel (1822– 1888), 12 Clavius, Cristophorus (1538–1612), 143 Clebsch, Adolf (1833–1872), 15, 16, 24, 26, 27, 34, 35, 37, 44, 45, 47, 56, 73, 131, 138–140, 156, 168, 217, 225, 257, 268, 310, 347 Clerk Maxwell, James (1831–1879), 32, 33, 36, 50–53, 66, 134, 143, 144, 149, 151–153, 161, 168, 170, 273–278, 284, 289, 311, 331, 379 Clifford,WilliamKingdon(1845–1879), 173 Colombo, Giuseppe (1836–1921), 216 Colonnetti, Gustavo (1886–1968), 190, 191 Cosserat, Eugéne Maurice Pierre (1866– 1931), 112 Cosserat, François (1852–1914), 112 Cotterill, James Henry (1836–1922), 39, 50, 54, 55, 278 Cournot, Antoine-Augustin (1801–1877), 196, 201–203, 252, 360 Cousinery, Barthelemy Edouard (1790– 1851), 268, 271, 273 Cremona, Luigi (1830–1903), 37, 84, 124, 125, 142, 143, 187, 213, 245, 267– 270, 274, 277, 278, 280, 281, 284, 287–289, 294–296, 298–303, 305, 306, 308, 311–313, 378, 379, 381, 387 Croce, Benedetto (1866–1952), 163 Crotti, Francesco(1839–1896), 50, 158, 233, 243–246 Culmann, Carl (1821–1881), 36, 37, 245, 267–269, 273, 277–279, 281–286, 298, 302, 306, 309, 311, 312, 375, 377, 381, 385 Curioni, Giovanni (1831–1887), 179, 182 D Da Vinci, Leonardo (1542–1519), 271 Delanges, Paolo (1750?–1810), 39, 69 Dini, Ulisse (1845–1918), 84, 125, 161 Di Pasquale, Salvatore (1931–2004), 170 Dirichlet Lejeune, Peter Gustav (1805– 1859), 124, 161, 170 Dorna, Alessandro (1825–1887), 39, 71, 196, 201, 203 Dove, Heinrich Wilhelm (1803–1879), 34 Duhamel, Jean-Marie Constant (1797– 1872), 7 Duhem, Pierre Maurice Marie (1861–1916), 32 E Engesser, Friedrich (1848–1931), 50, 66 Enriques, Federigo (1871–1946), 84, 305 Euclide (IV sec. a.C.), 145, 344 Euler, Leonhard (1707–1783), 3, 19, 37–39, 54, 68, 86, 90, 93, 95, 101, 110, 190, 252, 275, 296, 334, 338, 380 F Favaro, Antonio (1847–1922), 269 Finzi, Bruno (1899–1974), 71 Flamant, Alfred Aimé (1839–1914?), 32, 35 Fleming Jenkin, Henry Charles (1833– 1885), 37, 53, 274, 278 Fontana, Gregorio (1735–1803), 39, 83 Fossombroni, Vittorio (1754–1844), 68, 83 Frankel,Wilhelm (1841–1895), 50 Fredholm, Erik Ivar (1866–1927), 161 Fresnel, Augustin Jean (1788–1827), 3 Frisiani, Paolo (1797–1880), 85 Fusinieri, Ambrogio (1775–1852), 39Index 391 G Galois, Evariste (1811–1832), 124 Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1777–1855), 48, 124, 142, 143, 145, 146, 161, 343, 350 Gibbs, Josiah Willard (1839–1903), 272 Giorgini, Gaetano (1795–1874), 123 Giulio, Ignazio Carlo (1803–1859), 71, 74, 182 Grashof, Franz (1826–1893), 34, 233 Grassmann, Hermann Génter (1809–1877), 272, 273 Green, Gorge (1793–1841), 16, 17, 22–26, 31, 48, 72, 104, 114, 117, 127, 130, 131, 133, 134, 136, 137, 143, 152, 159, 161, 170, 231, 234, 235, 243, 320, 321, 343, 350, 366–368, 371 Guidi, Camillo (1853–1941), 172, 190, 313 H Hadamard, Jacques (1865–1963), 161 Hamilton, William Rowan (1805–1865), 18, 271, 272 Heaviside, Oliver (1850–1925), 272, 273 Hellinger, Ernst (1883–1950), 27, 116 Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig (1821–1894), 35 Hermite, Charles (1822–1901), 124 Hodgkinson, Eaton (1789–1861), 16, 32 Hooke, Robert (1635–1703), 1, 18 Huygens, Christiaan (1629–1695), 162 J Jacobi, Carl (1804–1851), 27, 34, 124, 142, 343 K Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert (1824–1887), 16, 26–28, 34, 35, 71, 86, 116–118, 139, 153, 162 Klein, Felix Christian (1849–1925), 35 Korn, Arthur (1870–1945), 161, 173 Kronecker, Leopold (1823–1891), 124 Kummer, Ernest Eduard (1810–1893), 124 L Lacroix, Sylvestre Franìois de (1765–1843), 105 Lagrange, Joseph Louis (1736–1813), 3, 4, 18, 19, 26, 47, 68, 69, 83–85, 87–93, 95, 96, 99–102, 104, 105, 108–114, 116, 118, 125, 126, 131, 158–160, 219, 220, 222, 248, 332–342, 349 Lambert, Johann Henrich (1727–1777), 145 Lamb, Horace (1849–1934), 34 Lamé, Gabriel (1795–1870), 4, 12, 14, 15, 20, 21, 25, 26, 35, 48, 49, 51, 130, 134, 146, 148, 231, 233, 234, 322, 366–368 Laplace, Pierre Simon (1749–1827), 1, 4, 133, 134, 143, 155, 161, 251, 350 Lauricella, Giuseppe (1867–1913), 161, 170 Lecornu, Léon (1854–1940), 158 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646–1716), 90, 92 Levi-Civita, Tullio (1873–1941), 143 Lévy, Maurice (1838–1910), 37, 56–58, 75, 213, 255, 257, 259 Libri, Guglielmo (1803–1869), 123 Lipschitz, Rudolf Otto Sigmund (1802– 1903), 134 Lobacevskij, Nikolaj Ivanovic (1792–1856), 143, 145, 146 Lorgna, Antonio Maria (1735–1796), 39, 68 Love, Augustus Edward Hough (1863– 1940), 12, 34, 35 M Magistrini, Giovanni Battista (1777–1849), 87 Mainardi, Gaspare (1880–1879), 71 Marcolongo, Roberto (1882–1943), 27, 86, 273 Mariotte, Edme (1620–1684), 1 Martini, Francesco di Giorgio (1439–1501), 192 Mascheroni Lorenzo (1750–1800), 68 Matteucci, Carlo (1811–1868), 123 Menabrea, Luigi Federico (1809–1896), 37, 39, 50, 54, 74, 75, 162, 179, 189, 191– 210, 212–215, 219, 221, 227, 229, 230, 242, 243, 247, 252, 253, 256, 259, 311, 358, 366 Meyer, Franz (1856–1934), 158 Michell, John Henry (1863–1940), 156 Möbius, August Ferdinand (1790–1868), 36, 268, 271 Mohr, Christian Otto (1835–1918), 36, 37, 50, 52, 53, 56, 59–66, 233, 274, 285, 286, 330, 331 Monge, Gaspard (1746–1818), 268, 279, 376 Moseley, Henry (1802–1872), 36, 39, 54, 225392 Index Mossotti, Ottaviano Fabrizio (1791–1863), 39, 70, 83–85, 123, 124, 158, 193, 201, 202, 310, 360 M’uller-Breslau, Heinrich (1851–1925), 53, 66 N Navier, Claude Louis Marie Henri (1785– 1836), 3–5, 8, 12, 13, 15–17, 20, 24– 27, 36, 37, 39–44, 47, 56, 71, 131, 149, 161, 189, 194, 217, 252, 257, 311, 319, 321, 331, 350 Neumann, Carl Gottfried (1832–1923), 35, 134, 140, 141, 146 Neumann, Franz Ernst (1798–1895), 27, 34, 35 Newton Isaac (1643–1727), 1, 2, 25, 33, 86, 87, 126, 133, 332, 342, 343 O Obici, Pietro (1804–1849), 123 Oersted, Hans Christian (1777–1851), 16 P Pacinotti, Luigi (1804–1889), 70, 71, 123 Padova, Ernesto (1845–1896), 125, 161, 168, 173 Pagani, Gaspare Michele (1796–1855), 39, 70, 201, 360 Paoli, Pietro (1759–1839), 39, 68, 84 Pareto, Vilfredo (1848–1923), 164 Pearson, Karl (1857–1936), 32, 34, 38, 39, 47, 70, 71, 101, 117, 164 Piola Gabrio (1791–1850), 3, 26, 70, 71, 83– 89, 93, 95–116, 118, 126, 127, 139, 143, 310, 331, 341 Poincaré, Henri (1854–1912), 27, 32, 238 Poinsot, Louis (1777–1859), 110 Poisson, Siméon Denise (1781–1840), 4–7, 12, 13, 15, 16, 25–28, 30, 34, 37, 39, 44–47, 56, 72, 75, 90, 98–101, 103, 104, 137, 140, 149, 158, 217, 234, 255–257, 261, 319, 321, 333, 337 Poncelet, Jean Victor (1788–1867), 245, 268, 279, 280, 376, 377 Pouchet, Louis Ézéchiel (1748–1809), 268 Promis, Carlo (1808–1873), 192 Prony, Gaspard Clair Franìois Marie Riche (1755–1839), 83 Pullino, Giacinto (1837–1898), 190 R Rankine, William John Macquorn (1820– 1872), 16, 28, 32, 36, 37, 268, 274 Rayleigh, John William Strutt (1819–1903), 32, 36 Regnault, Henry Victor (1810–1878), 16 Ricci-Curbastro, Gregorio (1853–1925), 18, 84, 125, 143, 152, 161 Richelmy, Prospero (1813–1884), 74, 180, 182, 183, 188, 355 Riemann, Bernhard (1826–1866), 36, 124, 125, 138, 143–146, 160 Ritter, Georg Dietrich August (1826–1908), 36, 66, 302, 310 Ritter, Karl Wilhelm (1847–1906), 36 Rombaux, Giovanni Battista, 210–213, 215, 229, 362 S Sabbia, Emilio Francesco (1838–1914), 197–199, 358 Saccheri, Giovanni (1843–1925), 181, 210, 213, 355 Saccheri, Girolamo (1667–1773), 143, 145 Saint Venant, Adhémar J.C. Barré de (1797– 1886), 7, 12, 14–16, 22–26, 32, 35, 37–39, 41, 44, 45, 49, 50, 70, 71, 73, 117, 127, 138–141, 153, 155–157, 172, 189–191, 205, 225, 231, 272, 346–348, 366, 367 Saladini, Girolamo (1731–1813), 68, 69, 83 Saluzzo, Cesare (1837–1906), 192 Savart, Félix (1791–1841), 16 Saviotti Carlo (1845–1928), 269, 273, 281, 292, 293, 305, 306, 308–313 Sella, Quintino (1827–1884), 74, 182, 246 Severi, Francesco (1879–1961), 305 Sobrero, Ascanio (1812–1888), 182 Somigliana, Carlo (1860–1955), 71, 125, 161–163, 166, 168–170 Sophie Germain, Marie (1776–1831), 1 Staudt, Karl Georg Christian von (1798– 1867), 268, 280, 377 Stevin, Simon (1548–1620), 110, 268, 290, 291 Stokes, George Gabriel (1819–1903), 32, 33 T Tait, Peter Guthrie (1831–1901), 32, 33, 48, 139 Taylor, Brook (1685–1731), 84 Tedone, Orazio (1870–1922), 125, 137, 161Index 393 Thomson, William (Kelvin) (1824–1907), 16, 26, 32, 33, 36, 48, 72, 126, 128– 131, 139 Todhunter, Isaac (1820–1884), 32, 38, 39, 47, 70, 71, 101, 117 Tortolini, Barnaba (1808–1874), 288 Toupin, Richard A. (1926-), 116 Truesdell, Clifford Ambrose (1919–2000), 86, 116 V Varignon, Pierre (1654–1722), 268, 279, 291, 292, 294, 306, 310, 311 Venturoli, Giuseppe (1768–1846), 84, 310 Veronese, Giuseppe (1854–1917), 305 Villarceau,Yvon (1813–1883), 197, 199, 200, 358 Voigt, Woldemar (1850–1919), 18, 25–31, 34, 168, 321 Volterra,Vito (1860–1940), 84, 125, 161– 166, 168, 170, 171, 174, 191, 198, 350, 353, 354 W Wallis, John (1616–1703), 143 Weierstrass, Karl Theodor Wilhelm (1815– 1897), 124 Weingarten, Leonhard Julius (1836–1910), 165, 166, 168, 171, 353, 354 Wertheim, Guillaume [Wilhelm] (1815– 1861), 13, 14, 16 Williot, Joseph Victor (1843–1907), 37 Z Zucchetti, Ferdinando (1845–1883), 312
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