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| موضوع: كتاب Electric Energy System Theory - An Introduction الإثنين 18 نوفمبر 2019, 11:01 am | |
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أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Electric Energy System Theory - An Introduction Olle I. Elgerd
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents Preface Vll Chapter 1 Introduction - 1 Electric Energy - Its Impact on Society 1-2 Electric Energy Sources 1-2.1 Hydropower 1-2.2 Fossil Fuels 1-2.3 Nuclear Power 1-3 the Structure and Economy of the Electric Energy Industry 1-4 the Future of Eese References Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts of Electric Energy Systems Engineering 2-1 the Fundamental Power Formula - Electromagnetic Energy 2-2 Additional Forms of Electric Energy 2-2.1 Electric Field Energy We! 2-2.2 Magnetic Field Energy Wmf 2-2.3 Ohmic, or Dissipative, Energy Wn 2-3 Dc Versus Ac Power - Concepts of Real and Reactive Powers 2-3.1 Single-phase Transmission 2-3.2 Three-phase Transmission 2-4 Concept of Complex Power 2-5 Per-unit Representation of Impedances, Currents, Voltages, And Powers 2-6 Summary Exercises References Exercises References Chapter 6 the Power Transformer 114 * 5-1 Practical Design Considerations 5-1.1 Different Types of Core Arrangements 5-1.2 Different Winding Arrangements and Electrical Connections 5-1.3 Ratings 5-2 Equivalent Circuits for Two-winding Transformers 5-2.1 Exact Equivalent Circuits of Yy-connected Transformers 5-2.2 Approximate Equivalent Circuits for Yy-connected Transformers 5-2.3 Equivalent Circuit for a-connected Transformers 5-2.4 7t Equivalents 5-2.5 the Impedance Matrix of a Symmetrically Operated Three-phase Transformer 5-3 Equivalent Circuits for Multiwinding Transformers 5-4 Autotransformers 5-5 the Transformer as a Control Device 5-5.1 Tcul Transformers 5-5.2 Regulating Transformers 5-6 Summary Exercises References Chapter 3 the Electric Energy System - Operational Considerations 3-1 Objectives 3-2 the Structure of the Electric Energy System 3-2.1 Distribution Level 3-2.2 Subtransmission Level 3-2.3 Transmission Level 3-3 Transmission Capacity 49 -* 3-4 Load Characteristics - 3-4.1 Voltage and Frequency Load Dependency - 3-5 the Real Power Balance and Its Effect on System Frequency 3-5.1 Load-frequency Mechanism 3-5.2 a Mechanical Analog - 3-6 the Reactive Power Balance and Its Effect on System Voltage 60 *~ 3-7 Questions of Security and Cost 3-8 Summary * 65 Exercises 65 References Chapter 4 the Synchronous Machine - System Model Representation 4-1 Introduction 4 - 2 Elementary Models and Analogs 4-2.1 Control of Synchronous Machines 4 - 2.2 a. Mechanical Analog 4 - 2.3 the Torque - Power Angle Mechanism 4-2.4 Torque Creation 4-3 Development of General Machine Equations 4 - 3.1 the Basic Machine Parameters 4 - 3.2 the General Machine Equations 4 - 3.3 the General Power Equation 4 - 3.4 the Blondel Transformation 4 - 4 Steady-state Machine Models 4-4.1 the Machine at No Load 4-4.2 the Machine Under Symmetrical Loading Conditions 4 - 5 Machine Ratings 4 - 6 Summary Chapter 6 the High-energy Transmission Line 6-1 Introduction 6-2 Design Considerations 6-3 Electric Line Parameters 6-3.1 Line Resistance and Shunt Conductance 6-3.2 Line Inductance 6-3.3 Line Capacitance 6-4 Long-line Theory 6-4.1 Long-line Equations 6-4.2 Computational Considerations 6-4.3 Equivalent Network of Long Line 6-4.4 the Lossless Line 6-5 Summary Exercises References Chapter 7 the Energy System in Steady State - System Modeling And Load Flow Analysis 7-1 a Demonstration Example 7-1.1 System Model - the Static Load Flow * Equations (Slfe) 7-1.2 Important Characteristics of Slfe ^7-1.3 Classification of System Variables 7-1.4 Solution of Slfe - a Basic Dilemma 7-1.5 Modified Specifications - Solution of Our Dilemma 7-1.6 Generalization to N-bus System ^7-1.7 Practical State-variable Constraints 7-1.8 Practical Control-variable Constraints 7-1.9 Practical Variable Specification Procedure 7-1.10 Bus Classification on the Basis of Specification Type 7-2 Sensitivity Analysis and the Problem of Control 7-2.1 Perturbation or Sensitivity Analysis 7-2.2 Jacobian and Sensitivity Matrices 7-3 Definition of the Load Flow Problem 7-4 Network Model Formulation - 4.1 a Demonstration Example 1-4.2 Slfe in General Form 7-4.3 Network Terminology 7-44 Primitive Networks 7-4.5 Linear Network Graphs , 7-4.6 Choice of Linearly Independent Network Variables . 7-4.7 Network Variables in Loop Frame Of Reference . 7-4.8 Network Variables in Bus Frame Of Reference 7-5 a Load Flow Sample Study 7-6 Computational Aspects of the Load Row Problem 7-6.1 Iterative Computation of Nonlinear Algebraic Equations 7-6.2 Iterative Computation of the Load Row Equations 7-7 Effects of Regulating Transformers 7-8 Summary Exercises References Chapter 8 the Energy System in Steady State - 200 - Optimum Operating Strategies 274 201 8-1 the General Programming Problem 8-2 Optimum Generator Allocation - Line Losses Neglected 8-2.1 Cost Criterion 8-2.2 Constraint Relations 8-2.3 Optimum Dispatch Strategy for a Two-bus System 8-2.4 Optimum Dispatch of N-bus System 8-2.5 Computational Considerations 8-3 Optimum Generator Allocation, Including the Effect Of Transmission Losses 8-3.1 Derivation of Optimum Dispatch Formula 8-3.2 Optimum Dispatch Strategy for Two-bus System 8-3.3 Optimum Dispatch Strategy for N-bus System 8-3.4 Computational Considerations 8 - 4 the General Optimum Operational Problem 8-4.1 a Demonstration Example - 4.2 Mathematical Problem Formulation - 4.3 Necessary Conditions for Optimum C - 4.4 Computational Procedure 5 Summary Exercises References Chapter 9 the Energy System in Steady State - The Control Problem 9-1 ' Control Systems Structure 9-1.1 Dynamic Incremental State Variables 9-1.2 Coherency 9-1.3 Pf Versus Qv Control 9-1.4 Dynamic Interaction Between Pf and Qv Loops 9-2 the Megawatt Frequency Control Problem 9-2.1 Fundamental Characteristics of the Power Control Mechanism of an Individual Generator - 9-2.2 Areas Division of Power System Into Control 9-2.3 Pf Control of Single Control Area Xvi Contents Contents Xvli 9-2.4 Economic Dispatch Controller - 2.5 Pf Control of Multi-control-area Systems '(Pool Operation) 9-3 the Megavar Voltage Control Problem 9-3.1 Control Strategy 9-3.2 Fundamental Characteristics of Typical Excitation System 9-3.3 Newer Aspects of the Megavar Voltage Control Problem 10-4.2 Effects of Winding Resistances and Damper Windings 10-4.3 Practical Computational Considerations 10-5 Symmetrical Short-circuit Analysis - 4 Simple Demonstration Example 10-5.1 Statement of the Problem 10-5.2 Solution Procedure 10-6 Systematic Short-circuit Computations 10-7 Summary Exercises References - 4 Optimum Systems Control - . 99-4.1 “static” Versus “dynamic” Stability - 4.2 Need for a New Approach - 4.3 Development of Dynamic State-variable Model For Two-area System - 4.4 Optimum Control Criterion - 4.5 Optimum Control Strategy - 9 - 4.6 Introduction of Damping Into the Pf Loop Through Voltage Control Chapter 11 Unbalanced System Analysis 430 373 11-1 the Transformation (Sct) Symmetrical Component 11-1.1 Definitions 11-1.2 Useful Properties of Sct ’ ’ 11-2 Sequence Impedances of Network Components 11-2.1 Sequence Impedances of Synchronous Machines 11-2.2 Sequence Impedances of Transformers 11-2.3 Sequence Impedances for Transmission Lines 11-3 Digital Computation of Unbalanced Faults 11-3.1 Sequence Network Assembly 11-3.2 General Formulas for Postfault Currents And Voltages 11-3.3 Determination of the Fault Matrices Zj and Y 9-5 Summary Exercises References Chapter 10 Energy System Transients - Surge Phenomena And Symmetrical Fault Analysis ^ 10-1 Classification of System Transients 453 10-1.1 Class a. Ultrafast Transients - Surge Phenomena 390 391 458 10-1.2 Class B. Medium-fast Transients - Short-circuit Phenomena 10-1.3 Class C. Slow-transients - Transient Stability 10-2 Class a. Transmission Line Transients 10-2.1 Traveling Waves 10-2.2 Switching Transients 10-3 Symmetrical Short Circuits 10-3.1 Concept of Short-circuit Capacity (Scc) 391 464 11 473 4 Summary Exercises References Chapter 12 Transient Stability Analysis 12-1 Introduction 477 •*“ 12-2 Transient System Models 12-2.1 Basic Assumptions 12-2.2 the Swing Equation 12-2.3 the Transient Turbine Power Pt 10-3.2 Connection Between Scc and Thevenin’s Theorem 10-4 Behavior of the Synchronous Machine During A Balanced Short Circuit 10-4.1 Analysis of a Balanced Terminal Short Circuit - Winding Resistances Neglected 12-2.4 the Transient Generator Power Pt 484 12-3 Solution of Swing Equation - the Single-generator Case 12-3.1 Small-scale Oscillations Contents 12-3.2 Large-scale Oscillations 12-3.3 Direct Stability Analysis Methods 12-3.4 Computer Solution of Swing Equation (“indirect” Stability Analysis) 12-4 Solution of Swing Equations - the Multigenerator Case - 4.1 System Description 12-4.2 Fault Sequence 12-4.3 Assumptions 12-4.4 Determination of Initial System State 12-4.5 Postfault System Models (Postfault Period I ) Postfault System Models (Postfault Period Ii) Computational Sequence Computer Results the Theirload Effect Frequency on Transient and Voltage Stabilitycontrollers - 12-5.1 Effects of Pf Control Loop 12-5.2 Effects of Voltage Control Loop 12-5.3 Summary of Model 12-6 Summary * 527 Exercises References Appendix a Elements of Vector and Matrix Algebra 533 A-l Vectors A-1.1 Special Vectors A-l.2 Elementary Vector Operations A-l.3 the Inner Vector Product A-2 Matrices A-2.1 Elementary Matrix Operations A-2.2 Special Matrices A-2.3 Determinants and Adjugate (Adjoint) Matrices A-2.4 the Matrix Inverse References 545 Appendix B Computer Program for Solution of Slfe 546 Index 553
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