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| موضوع: كتاب Heat Transfer - A Practical Approach الخميس 07 مايو 2020, 2:11 am | |
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أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Heat Transfer - A Practical Approach 3rd Edition Yunus a. Cengel Heat and Mass Trsnsfer A Practical Approach
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Chapter O N E Introduction and Basic Concepts 1 Chapter T W O Heat Conduction Equation 61 Chapter T H R E E Steady Heat Conduction 131 Chapter F O U R Transient Heat Conduction 217 Chapter F I V E Numerical Methods in Heat Conduction 285 Chapter S I X Fundamentals of Convection 355 Chapter S E V E N External Forced Convection 395 Chapter E I G H T Internal Forced Convection 451 Chapter N I N E Natural Convection 503 Chapter T E N Boiling and Condensation 561 Chapter E L E V E N Heat Exchangers 609 Chapter T W E L V E Fundamentals of Thermal Radiation 663 Chapter T H I R T E E N Radiation Heat Transfer 707 Chapter F O U R T E E N Mass Transfer 773 A P P E N D I X 1 Property Tables and Charts (Si Units) 841 Preface Xiii Chapter T W O Heat Conduction Equation 61 Chapter O N E Introduction and Basic Concepts 1 2-1 Introduction 62 Steady Versus Transient Heat Transfer 63 Multidimensional Heat Transfer 64 Heat Generation 66 One-dimensional Heat Conduction Equation 68 Heat Conduction Equation in a Large Plane Wall 68 Heat Conduction Equation in a Long Cylinder 69 Heat Conduction Equation in a Sphere 71 Combined One-dimensional Heat Conduction Equation 72 General Heat Conduction Equation 74 Rectangular Coordinates 74 Cylindrical Coordinates 75 Spherical Coordinates 76 Boundary and Initial Conditions 77 1 Specified Temperature Boundary Condition 78 2 Specified Heat Flux Boundary Condition 79 3 Convection Boundary Condition 81 4 Radiation Boundary Condition 82 5 Interface Boundary Conditions 83 6 Generalized Boundary Conditions 84 Solution of Steady One-dimensional Heat Conduction Problems 86 Heat Generation in a Solid 97 Variable Thermal Conductivity, K(T) 104 Topic of Special Interest: A Brief Review of Differential Equations 107 Summary 111 References and Suggested Readings 112 Problems 113 1-1 Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer 2 Application Areas of Heat Transfer 3 Historical Background 3 Engineering Heat Transfer 4 Modeling in Engineering 5 Heat and Other Forms of Energy 6 Specific Heats of Gases, Liquids, and Solids 7 Energy Transfer 9 The First Law of Thermodynamics 11 Energy Balance for Closed Systems ( Fixed Mass) 12 Energy Balance for Steady-flow Systems 12 Surface Energy Balance 13 Heat Transfer Mechanisms 17 1-6 Conduction 17 Thermal Conductivity 19 Thermal Diffusivity 23 Convection 25 1-8 Radiation 27 1-9 Simultaneous Heat Transfer 2-6 Mechanisms 30 2-7 1-10 Problem-solving Technique 35 Engineering Software Packages 37 Engirieering Equation Solver (Ees) 38 Heat Transfer Tools (Htt) 39 A Remark on Significant Digits 39 Topic of Special Interest: Thermal Comfort 40 Summary 46 References and Suggested Reading 47 Problems 47 Viichapter T H R E E Steady Heat Conduction 131 Chapter F I V E Numerical Methods In Heat Conduction 285 3-1 Steady Heat Conduction in Plane Walls 132 Thermal Resistance Concept 133 Thermal Resistance Network 135 Multilayer Plane Walls 137 3-2 Thermal Contact Resistance 142 3-3 Generalized Thermal Resistance Networks 147 3-4 Heat Conduction in Cylinders and Spheres 150 Multilayered Cylinders and Spheres 152 3-5 Critical Radius of Insulation 156 3-6 Heat Transfer From Finned Surfaces 159 Fin Equation 160 Fin Efficiency 164 Fin Effectiveness 166 Proper Length of a Fin 169 3-7 Heat Transfer in Common Configurations 174 Topic of Special Interest: Heat Transfer Through Walls and Roofs 179 Summary 189 References and Suggested Readings 191 Problems 191 5-1 Why Numerical Methods? 286 1 Limitations 287 2 Better Modeling 287 3 Flexibility 288 4 Complications 288 5 Human Nature 288 Finite Difference Formulation Of Differential Equations 289 One-dimensional Steady Heat Conduction 292 Boundary Conditions 294 Two-dimensional Steady Heat Conduction 302 Boundary Nodes 303 Irregular Boundaries 307 Transient Heat Conduction 311 Transient Heat Conduction in a Plane Wall 313 Two-dimensional Transient Heat Conduction 324 Topic of Special Interest: Controlling the Numerical Error 329 Summary 333 References and Suggested Readings 334 Problems 334 Chapter F O U R Transient Heat Conduction 217 Chapter S I X Fundamentals of Convection 355 4-1 Lumped System Analysis 218 Criteria for Lumped System Analysis 219 Some Remarks on Heat Transfer in Lumped Systems 221 4-2 Transient Heat Conduction in Large Plane Walls, Long Cylinders, And Spheres With Spatial Effects 224 Nondimensionalized One-dimensional Transient Conduction Problem 225 4-3 Transient Heat Conduction in Semi-infinite Solids 240 Contact of Two Semi-infinite Solids 245 4-4 Transient Heat Conduction in Multidimensional Systems 248 Topic of Special Interest: Refrigeration and Freezing of Foods 256 Summary 267 References and Suggested Readings 269 Problems 269 6-1 Physical Mechanism of Convection 356 Nusselt Number 358 Classification of Fluid Flows 359 Viscous Versus Inviscid Regions of Flow 359 Internal Versus External Flow 359 Compressible Versus Incompressible Flow 360 Laminar Versus Turbulent Flow 360 Natural (or Unforced) Versus Forced Flow 360 Steady Versus Unsteady Flow 361 One-, Two-, and Three-dimensional Flows 361 Velocity Boundary Layer 362 Surface Shear Stress 363 Thermal Boundary Layer 364 Prandtj Number 365 Laminar and Turbulent Flows 365 Reynolds Number 366 6-5contents 6-6 Heat and Momentum Transfer in Turbulent Flow 367 6-7 Derivation of Differential Convection Equations 369 The Continuity Equation 369 The Momentum Equations 370 Conservation of Energy Equation 372 6-8 Solutions of Convection Equations For a Flat Plate 376 The Energy Equation 378 6-9 Nondimensionalized Convection Equations And Similarity 380 6-10 Functional Forms of Friction and Convection Coefficients 381 6-11 Analogies Between Momentum and Heat Transfer 382 Topic of Special Interest: Microscale Heat Transfer 385 Summary 388 References and Suggested Reading 389 Problems 390 Chapter E I G H T Internal Forced Convection 451 8-1 Introduction 452 Average Velocity and Temperature 453 Laminar and Turbulent Flow in Tubes 454 The Entrance Region 455 Entry Lengths 457 General Thermal Analysis 458 Constant Surface Heat Flux (4 = Constant) 459 Constant Surface Temperature (Ts = Constant) 460 Laminar Flow in Tubes 463 Pressure Drop 465 Temperature Profile and the Nusselt Number 467 Constant Surface Heat Flux 467 Constant Surface Temperature 468 Laminar Flow in Noncircular Tubes 469 Developing Laminar Flow in the Entrance Region 470 Turbulent Flow in Tubes 473 Rough Surfaces 475 Developing Turbulent Flow in the Entrance Region 476 Turbulent Flow in Noncircular Tubes 476 Flow Through Tube Annulus 477 Heat Transfer Enhancement 477 Topic of Special Interest: Transitional Flow in Tubes 482 Summary 490 References and Suggested Reading 491 Problems 492 Chapter S E V E N External Forced Convection 395 7-1 Drag and Heat Transfer in External Flow 396 Friction and Pressure Drag 396 Heat Transfer 398 7-2 Parallel Flow Over Flat Plates 399 4 Friction Coefficient 400 Heat Transfer Coefficient 401 Flat Plate With Unheated Starting Length 403 Uniform Heat Flux 403 7-3 Flow Across Cylinders and Spheres 408 Effect of Surface Roughness 410 Heat Transfer Coefficient 412 7-4 Flow Across Tube Banks 417 Pressure Drop 420 Topic of Special Interestreducing Heat Transfer Through Surfaces: Thermal Insulation 423 Summary 434 References and Suggested Reading 435 Problems 436 Chapter N I N E Natural Convection 503 9-1 Physical Mechanism of Natural Convection 504 Equation of Motion And the Grashof Number 507 The Grashof Number 509 Natural Convection Over Surfaces 510 Vertical Plates ( 7"S = Constant) 512 Vertical Plates (4- Constant) 512 Vertical Cylinders 512 Inclined Plates 512 Horizontal Plates 513 Horizontal Cylinders and Spheres 513 Natural Convection From Finned Surfaces And Pcbs 517 Natural Convection Cooling of Finned Surfaces ( 7s- Constant) 517 9-2 9-3 9-4natural Convection Cooling of Vertical Pcbs [ Q5 = Constant) 518 Mass Flow Rate Through the Space Between Plates 519 Natural Convection Inside Enclosures 521 Effective Thermal Conductivity 522 Horizontal Rectangular Enclosures 523 Inclined Rectangular Enclosures 523 Vertical Rectangular Enclosures 524 Concentric Cylinders 524 Concentric Spheres 525 Combined Natural Convection and Radiation 525 Combined Natural and Forced Convection 530 Topic of Special Interest: Heat Transfer Through Windows 533 Summary 543 References and Suggested Readings 544 Problems 546 11-4 the Log Mean Temperature Difference Method 622 Counter-flow Heat Exchangers 624 Multipass and Cross-flow Heat Exchangers.- Use of a Correction Factor 625 11-5 the Effectiveness-ntu Method 631 11-6 Selection of Heat Exchangers 642 Heat Transfer Rate 642 Cost 642 Pumping Power 643 Size and Weight 643 Type 643 Materials 643 Other Considerations 644 Summary 5645 References and Suggested Reading 646 Problems 647 9-5 9-6 Chapter T E N Boiling and Condensation 561 Chapter T W E L V E Fundamentals of Thermal Radiation 663 10-1 Boiling Heat Transfer 562 10-2 Pool Boiling 564 Boiling Regimes and the Boiling Curve 564 Heat Transfer Correlations in Pool Boiling 568 Enhancement of Heat Transfer in Pool Boiling 572 10-3 Flow Boiling 576 10-4 Condensation Heat Transfer 578 10-5 Film Condensation 578 Flow Regimes 580 Heat Transfer Correlations for Film Condensation 581 10-6 Film Condensation Inside Horizontal Tubes 591 10-7 Dropwise Condensation 591 Topic of Special Interest: Heat Pipes 592 Summary 597 References and Suggested Reading 599 Problems 599 12-1 Introduction 664 12-2 Thermal Radiation 665 12-3 Blackbody Radiation 667 12-4 Radiation Intensity 673 Solid Angle 674 Intensity of Emitted Radiation 675 Incident Radiation 676 Radiosity 677 Spectral Quantities 677 12-5 Radiative Properties 679 Emissivity 680 Absorptivity, Reflectivity, and Transmissivity 684 Kirchhoffs Law 686 The Greenhouse Effect 687 12-6 Atmospheric and Solar Radiation 688 Topic of Special Interestsolar Heat Gain Through Windows 692 Summary 699 References and Suggested Readings 701 Chapter E L E V E N Problems 701 Heat Exchangers 609 Chapter T H I R T E E N 11-1 Types of Heat Exchangera 610 Radiation Heat Transfer 709 11-2 the Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient 612 Fouling Factor 615 11-3 Analysis of Heat Exchangers 620 13-1 the View Factor 710 13-2 View Factor Relations 713contents 1 the Reciprocity Relation 714 2 the Summation Rule 717 3 the Superposition Rule 719 4 the Symmetry Rule 720 View Factors Between Infinitely Long Surfaces: The Crossed-strings Method 722 13-3 Radiation Heat Transfer: Black Surfaces 724 13-4 Radiation Heat Transfer: Diffuse, Gray Surfaces 727 Radiosity 727 Net Radiation Heat Transfer to or From a Surface 727 Net Radiation Heat Transfer Between Any Two Surfaces 729 Methods of Solving Radiation Problems 730 Radiation Heat Transfer in Two-surface Enclosures 731 Radiation Heat Transfer in Three-surface Enclosures 733 13-5 Radiation Shields and the Radiation Effect 739 Radiation Effect on Temperature Measurements 741 13-6 Radiation Exchange With Emitting and Absorbing Gases 743 Radiation Properties of a Participating Medium 744 Emissivity and Absorptivity of Gases and Gas Mixtures 746 Topic of Special Interest: Heat Transfer From the Human Body 753 Summary 757 References and Suggested Reading 759 Problems 759 14—7 Transient Mass Diffusion 796 14—8 Diffusion in a Moving Medium 799 Special Case: Gas Mixtures at Constant Pressure and Temperature 803 Diffusion of Vapor Through a Stationary Gas: Stefan Flow 804 Equimolar Counterdiffusion 806 14-9 Mass Convection 810 Analogy Between Friction, Heat Transfer, and Mass Transfer Coefficients 814 Limitation on the Heat-mass Convection Analogy 816 Mass Convection Relations 816 14-10 Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer 819 Summary 825 References and Suggested Reading 827 Problems 828 A P P E N D I X 1 Property Tables and Charts (Si Units) 841 Table a-1 Molar Mass, Gas Constant, and Ideal-gas Specific Heats of Some Substances 842 Boiling and Freezing Point Properties 843 Properties of Solid Metals 844-846 Properties of Solid Nonmetals 847 Properties of Building Materials 848-849 Properties of Insulating Materials 850 Properties of Common Foods 851-852 Properties of Miscellaneous Materials 853 Properties of Saturated Water 854 Properties of Saturated Refrigerant- 134a 855 ; Properties of Saturated Ammonia 856 Properties of Saturated Propane 857 Properties of Liquids 858 Properties of Liquid Metals 859 Table a-2 Table a-3 Table a-a Table a-5 Chapter F O U R T E E N Mass Transfer 773 14-1 Introduction 774 14-2 Analogy Between Heat and Mass Transfer 775 Temperature 776 Conduction 776 Heat Generation 776 Convection 111 14—3 Mass Diffusion 111 1 Mass Basis 778 2 Mole Basis 778 Special Case: Ideal Gas Mixtures 779 Fjck's Law of Diffusion: Stationary Medium Consisting Of Two Species 779 14—4 Boundary Conditions 783 14—5 Steady Mass Diffusion Through a Wall 788 14—6 Water Vapor Migration in Buildings 792 Table a-6 Table a-7 Table a-8 Table a-9 Table a-10 Table a-11 Table a-12 Table a-13 Table a-14table a-19 Solar Radiative Properties of Materials 866 The Moody Chart for the Friction Factor for Fully Developed Flow in Circular Pipes 867 Properties of Air at 1 Atm Pressure 860 Properties of Gases at 1 Atm Pressure 861-862 Properties of the Atmosphere at High Altitude 863 Emissivities of Surface 864-865 Table a—15 Table a-16 Figure a-20 Table a-17 Table a-18 Index 869
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